Potorous tridactylus and other rat-kangaroos have been regarded by farmers as pests because of their affinity for crops (Morris 1965).
Potorous tridactylus is still quite common throughout Australia, although it and other rat-kangaroos have experienced population decreases attributed to the following: small size, competition with rabbits for succulent food, the spreading of poisoned bait meant for the population control of rabbits, predation by the introduced European fox and feral cats, and sport hunting (Hume 1982, Matthews 1971, Morris 1965). Most regional populations are relatively secure, since the species occurs in conservation reserves; however, one isolated population in the Grampians region of Victoria is at risk because most of its very localized habitat is outside the National Park boundary (Menkhorst 1995). The frequent occurrence of subfossil remains in cave deposits indicate that P. tridactylus was much more common in the past (Strahan 1995). It is not clear to what extent its decline is the result of human activities, but it is obvious that very large areas of suitable habitat along the eastern coast of Australia have been removed by land clearing (Strahan 1995).
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
In December 1994 Gilbert's Potoroo, Potorous tridactylus gilberti, was rediscovered at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve east of Albany, Western Australia. This potoroo was thought to be extinct for 125 years prior to this discovery, and after further inspection, three more animals were captured. In total, two adult males, a sub-adult male, and two females, each with a pouch young, have been captured ( http://www.environment.gov.au/life/end_vuln/animals/potoroo.html 1997 and Strahan 1995). Other common names for P. tridactylus are the Long-nosed rat-kangaroo and the Wallaby Rat (Strahan 1995).
The small number and large size of P. tridactylus chromosomes has led to the use of their cells - especially those of the kidney and the testis - in tissue culture studies (Tyndale-Biscoe 1973).
Potorous tridactylus is an omnivore and obtains much of its food by digging shallow holes with the claws of its fore feet (Hume 1982). Plant material - cranberries, fungi, grasses, juicy stems, roots, and tubers - constitute its main nutritional source throughout the year (Hume 1982, Matthews 1971, Morris 1965). Of these fungi are the most commonly eaten, while grasses are eaten only during winter when total food availability is at its lowest levels (Hume 1982). Insects and their larvae compose a meager 1-2% of the winter diet of P. tridactylus, but this can increase to 21% during the summer when insect abundance augments (Hume 1982 and Strahan 1995). Finally, it is interesting to note that in order to obtain a sufficient amount of fungi, potoroos are forced to use a variety of widely scattered feeding areas (Hume 1982).
Potorous tridactylus is widely distributed in southeastern Australia and Tasmania and can be found in coastal New South Wales, southeastern Queensland, coastal, near-coastal, and northeastern areas of Victoria, and the southwestern corner of Western Australia (Census of Australian Vertebrate Species 1995 http://www.erin.gov.au/life/species/fauna/cavs81_mammals.html, Menkhorst 1995, Morris 1965, Strahan 1995, and Walker 1975).
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Relatively thick ground cover is an essential component of a potoroo habitat; therefore, these animals inhabit forests and woods where above-ground nests of dry vegetation can be built among grass tussocks, under bushes, and in low, thick shrubs (Kowalski 1976, Matthews 1971, Morris 1965, Strahan 1995, Walker 1975). In addition, potoroos utilize a wide variety of wet forest and wet scrub habitats developed on sandy loam soils where annual rainfall exceeds 760 mm (Menkhorst 1995). Finally, P. tridactylus are usually found at altitudes between sea level and 250 m, but they has been observed at altitudes up to 650 m (Menkhorst 1995).
Terrestrial Biomes: scrub forest
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 14.5 years.
Potorous tridactylus is a rabbit-sized rat-kangaroo with an elongated muzzle (Matthews 1971 and Morris 1965). The length of its head and body is approximately 300-400 mm, while its tail is about 150-260 mm long (Strahan 1995 and Walker 1975). Its pelage is straight, soft, and loose with a grey or a light chestnut brown coloration of its upper parts, a grayish or whitish underside, and often a white tipped tail (Matthews 1971, Morris 1965, and Walker 1975). The median claws of its manus (fore foot) - well adapted for scratching and digging - are very long and sharp (Hume 1982, Matthews 1971, and Morris 1965). Potorous has a downward-curving, semiprehensile tail used for carrying bundles of nesting materials (Matthews 1971 and Morris 1965). Its dental formula is 3/1, 1/0, 2/2, 4/4; it also has well-developed canines and bunodont molars (Morris 1965 and Myers 1997). Potoroos have enlarged hind feet and powerful hind limbs which bestow them with adept hopping abilities at high speeds and a rabbit-like gait at slower speeds (Myers 1997). Finally, P. tridactylus has a well-developed marsupium that opens anteriorly and contains 4 mammae (teats) (Myers 1997 and Strahan 1995). It is interesting to note that P. tridactylus populations show considerable morphological variation (Strahan 1995). Over a distance of only 200 km from the western to the eastern coast of northern Tasmania, the average size of these creatures nearly doubles and their coat color changes from rufous brown to grey-brown (Strahan 1995). In addition, the snout is relatively short in animals from Queensland and increases proportionally in size in more southern populations, being most elongate and narrow in Tasmania (Strahan 1995). Finally, the proportion of individuals with a white tip on their tail increases from zero at the northern extremity of the range to 80% in Tasmania (Strahan 1995).
Potorous tridactylus, or the "three-toed potoroo," is one of the first mammals recorded from Australia (Strahan 1995). Its name comes from an erroneous description in Surgeon-General White's Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales in which he referred to the foot of this creature as having only three toes (due to the conjoining of its second and third digits) (Strahan 1995). Therefore, the syndactylous condition found in P. tridactylus is responsible for the misnomer that has stuck with this animal ever since (Strahan 1995).
Range mass: 0.7 to 1.8 kg.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Average basal metabolic rate: 2.556 W.
In eutherian mammals the optimum temperature for spermatogenesis is several degrees cooler than deep body temperature (Tyndale-Biscoe 1973). Therefore, these mammals have developed a scrotum as an adaptation for removing their testes from a region of deep body temperature to one that is cooler and closer to the optimum temperature for spermatogenesis (Tyndale-Biscoe 1973). Potorous tridactylus is a non-eutherian mammal; yet, male potoroos have adopted the above eutherian adaptation. Female potoroos are polyoestrus such that periods of oestrus and progestation alternate cyclically and provide the opportunity to conceive at a second or subsequent oestrus if the first is infertile (Tyndale-Biscoe 1973). The 42 day oestrus cycle of P. tridactylus is at the upper limit of that observed in marsupials, while its gestation period is about 38 days (Menkhorst 1995 and Tyndale-Biscoe 1973).
Sexual maturity among males and females is reached at about 12 months, and reproductive potential is about 2.5 young/year (Menkhorst 1995). Both sexes mate promiscuously, and breeding is continuous throughout the year with peaks in early spring and early summer (Menkhorst 1995).
Females give birth to a single newborn weighing nearly 300 mg . The young suckles in the mother's marsupium for up to 120-130 days (Menkhorst 1995 ; Tyndale-Biscoe 1973). Birth is often followed by a post-partum oestrus; mating at this time results in an embryo which remains dormant until the existing young leaves the pouch naturally or dies (Menkhorst 1995). After the existing young vacates the marsupium or dies, the quiescent embryo resumes development and is born approximately 30 days later (Menkhorst 1995). Interestingly, newborn offspring of P. tridactylus and other marsupials are much less developed at birth than placental offspring, and in fact, they resemble a human fetus after the first trimester of gestation (Myers 1997). After the young potoroo leaves the pouch, it will continue to suckle and finally be weaned after about 170 days (Menkhorst 1995).
Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual
Average birth mass: 0.333 g.
Average gestation period: 30 days.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 400 days.
El cangur rata de musell llarg (Potorous tridactylus) és una espècie de cangur rata australià.[1] És considerat una espècie amenaçada a Victòria (Flora Fauna Guarantee Act 1988) i vulnerable a Queensland (Nature Conservation Act 1992) i a tot el país (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), tot i que la UICN la llista com en risc mínim.
El cangur rata de musell llarg (Potorous tridactylus) és una espècie de cangur rata australià. És considerat una espècie amenaçada a Victòria (Flora Fauna Guarantee Act 1988) i vulnerable a Queensland (Nature Conservation Act 1992) i a tot el país (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), tot i que la UICN la llista com en risc mínim.
Klokánek krysí (Potorous tridactylus) jeden z nejmenších klokanů v Austrálii, snadno ho poznáme podle protáhlého čumáku. Podobá se velké kryse, jeho zadní nohy totiž nejsou tak dlouhé jako u pravých klokanů.
V několika populacích v blízkosti pobřeží jihovýchodní Austrálie od jižního Queenslandu až po západní Victorii. Jako samostatný poddruh se vyskytuje na Tasmánii. Je sporné, zda se ještě vyskytuje i v jihozápadní Austrálii. Žije v poměrně vlhkých oblastech a potřebuje hustý porost, aby mohl velmi provozovat pohlavni styk.
Délka klokánka krysího je 34 až 38 cm. Jeho hmotnost je 650 až 1650 g.
Když klokánek krysí poskakuje blízko při zemi, jeho zjev příliš nepřipomíná typického klokana. Klokánek krysí žije v hustém porostu a hledá na zemi různou rostlinnou potravu, ale i hmyz, červy a jiné drobné živočichy, které vyhrabává předníma nohama. Jeho oblíbenou pochoutkou jsou plodnice podzemních hub, příbuzných lanýžům, které najde pomocí citlivého čichu a vyhrabe předními končetinami.
Klokánek krysí (Potorous tridactylus) jeden z nejmenších klokanů v Austrálii, snadno ho poznáme podle protáhlého čumáku. Podobá se velké kryse, jeho zadní nohy totiž nejsou tak dlouhé jako u pravých klokanů.
Das Langschnauzen-Kaninchenkänguru (Potorous tridactylus), auch als Langnasen-Kaninchenkänguru bezeichnet, ist ein Beutelsäuger aus der Familie der Rattenkängurus (Potoroidae).
Es werden drei Unterarten unterschieden:[1]
Das Langschnauzen-Kaninchenkänguru erreicht eine Kopfrumpflänge von 30 bis 41 cm, hat einen 19 bis 26 cm langen Schwanz und wiegt 0,66 bis 1,7 kg. Männchen sind im Schnitt etwas größer als die Weibchen. Auf der Rückenseite sind die Tiere braun, grau oder rötlich gefärbt, oft mit hellbraunen oder gelblichen Einsprengseln. Die Bauchseite ist eher hellgrau. Die Ohren sind klein und abgerundet. Die Schnauze ist lang und spitz, Nase und die Haut unmittelbar davor sind haarlos. Die Hinterfüße sind kürzer als der Kopf. Der Schwanz ist relativ kurz und nur spärlich behaart. In den südlichen Teilen des Verbreitungsgebietes haben die Tiere oft weiße Schwanzspitzen.[1]
Das Langschnauzen-Kaninchenkänguru lebt in Regenwäldern und feuchten und trockenen immergrünen Wäldern, Heiden und offenem Waldland. Der Boden ist oft sandig. Die Tiere sind einzelgängerisch und weniger nachtaktiv als andere Rattenkänguruhs. Sie werden oft vor Sonnenaufgang aktiv und bleiben in einigen Regionen während des Tages aktiv. Ihre Ruhezeit verbringen Langschnauzen-Kaninchenkängurus allein oder paarweise in Verstecken in Büschen oder unter Baumstämmen. Die Territorien der Männchen sind 2 bis 19 ha groß, die der Weibchen sind mit 1 bis 5 ha deutlich kleiner. Die Art ernährt sich vor allem von unterirdisch wachsenden, trüffelartigen Pilzen, die mit den Vorderpfoten ausgegraben werden. Außerdem werden Samen, Früchte, Blätter, Pflanzenstängel und Blüten gefressen. Pilze machen im Frühjahr und Sommer 25 bis 33 % ihrer Nahrung aus, im Rest des Jahres steigt der Anteil auf über 50 % (maximal über 80 %).
Die Trächtigkeitsdauer beträgt etwa 38 Tage. Nach der Geburt bleibt das Jungtier für etwa 4 bis 5 Monate im Beutel und wird mit einem Alter von 5 Monaten entwöhnt und mit einem Alter von zwölf Monaten geschlechtsreif. Ein Weibchen kann zwei bis drei Jungtiere im Jahr bekommen.[1]
Das Langschnauzen-Kaninchenkänguru wird von der IUCN als potenziell gefährdet (Near Threatened) eingestuft. Große Teile des ursprünglichen Verbreitungsgebietes werden heute vom Menschen genutzt. Viele Populationen sind deshalb heute isoliert. Auf Tasmanien sind die Tiere noch häufiger als auf dem Festland. Hauptbedrohung der Art sind heute Rotfüchse, Hauskatzen und verwilderte Hunde. Die beiden südlichen Unterarten werden heute in Gefangenschaft nachgezüchtet.[1][2]
Das Langschnauzen-Kaninchenkänguru (Potorous tridactylus), auch als Langnasen-Kaninchenkänguru bezeichnet, ist ein Beutelsäuger aus der Familie der Rattenkängurus (Potoroidae).
The long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) is a small, hopping, gerbil-like mammal native to forests and shrubland of southeastern Australia and Tasmania. A member of the rat-kangaroo family (Potoroidae), it lives alone and digs at night for fungi, roots, or small insects. It is also a marsupial (like kangaroos) and carries its young in a pouch. The long-nosed potoroo is threatened by habitat loss and introduced species such as cats or foxes. There are two subspecies: P. t. tridactylus on mainland Australia, and P. t. apicalis on Tasmania, with lighter fur.[4]
At first glance, the long-nosed potoroo with its pointed nose and grey-brown fur looks very much like a bandicoot — that is, until it hops away with its front feet tucked into its chest, revealing its close relationship with the kangaroo family. The long-nosed potoroo exhibits many morphological specializations such as an elongated pointed rostral region (nose), erect ears, large eyes, claws for digging, and long robust hind legs.[5] It is only a small marsupial, with a body length between 34 and 38 cm (13–15 in), and a semi-prehensile tail length of 15 to 24 cm (5.9–9.4 in).[6]
As it is rarely seen in the wild, better indicators of its presence are the runways it makes through the undergrowth and the hollow diggings it leaves behind when feeding on underground roots and fungi.
The species was first noted in 1790 by John White in a record of his journey to Botany Bay. The informal description named the animal as a "Poto Roo" or "Kangaroo Rat" and was accompanied by an illustration.[7]
The classification of the genus Potorous has seen the name subjected to frequent revisions. The following is a summary of the associated species and subspecies,
The long-nosed potoroo is found in a variety of microhabitats located in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales and South-Western Victoria on the Australian mainland, and in Tasmania.[8] Its bones have been found in a number of cave deposits, indicating it was once more widespread than it is today. This species prefers a range of vegetation types, from subtropical and warm temperate rainforest, through tall open forest with dense understorey, to dense coastal heaths. Its main requirement is thick groundcover, which it needs for protection and nesting material. It also prefers light soils that are easy to dig in for the underground roots and fungi that it eats.
Home-range sizes of the long-nosed potoroo vary considerably; the largest recorded was 34.4 hectares (85 acres).[9] In Tasmania, large overlapping home ranges of 5–20 hectares (12–49 acres) have been recorded, with males typically acquiring more land than females.[9] Home ranges in Victoria, however, are much smaller.[9]
Generally, the long-nosed potoroo is solitary and has only been observed in brief encounters for mating and when with young.[5] There have also been reports of several males and females feeding in loose aggregations.[5] These mammals are non-territorial and frequently have overlapping home ranges. The male's home range can overlap many females', but the female's home range is usually exclusive,[5] allowing the female access to the male year round. Breeding, however, usually occurs from late winter to early summer.[10] Females are polyestrous and can have up to two reproductive sessions per year.[10]
The long-nosed potoroo is nocturnal, spending much of its time within the shelter of understorey vegetation. It uses long, slightly curved claws on its front feet to dig up its food. It is an omnivore and eats underground fruiting bodies of fungi, roots, fruit, flowers, seeds, and insects and their larvae.[11] Fungi are the main dietary component, and are a very important resource in the potoroo's diet, with at least 50 species consumed depending on seasonal variation.[12] During the fall and winter months, potoroos primarily consume fungi and seeds, while in the spring and summer months, the amount of arthropods, plant tissue, fruits, and flowers consumed increases.[11]
The long-nosed potoroo sniffs the ground with a side to side motion near the vicinity of food. Once the long-nosed potoroo has located a possible food source (with its sense of smell), it positions itself to begin excavating with its forepaws.[13]
Because it eats fungi, it spreads fungal spores in its droppings. Some of these fungi grow on the roots of native plants and assist the plant in the uptake of nutrients from the soil.
The long-nosed potoroo was one of the first marsupials to be described by European settlers. Unfortunately, these encounters were followed by the clearing of much of its habitat for grazing and other land uses.
Threats to the long-nosed potoroo include feral cats, wild dogs, red foxes, human settlement, and fragmentation for agriculture, livestock grazing, habitat degradation, habitat clearance/loss, and inappropriate fire regimes.[14] The pattern of burning in areas of remaining habitat has also changed, with more severe and more frequent fires creating a sparse understorey that provides little shelter for small mammals like the potoroo.
This species is listed as Near Threatened according to the IUCN red list,[2] Vulnerable in Queensland according to the Nature Conservation Act 1992 and also nationally by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.[14] It is listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 as endangered in Victoria.[12]
Past conservation initiatives listed the long-nosed potoroo under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act of 1988, construction of conservation reserves at Barren Ground Nature Reserve and Budderoo National Park, and the preparation of a recovery plan which outlines priorities for species research.[15] A completed national recovery plan is still a work in progress, however, the Department of Environment and Conservation has prepared a (PAS) Priorities Action Statement in order to help aid in the recovery of threatened species in New South Wales.[16]
This statement encourages:
There is ongoing monitoring of the long-nosed potoroo while a recovery plan is being prepared for this species.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) “Threatened Species Advanced Search." Office of Environment and Heritage. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2013 [1]
*(potoroo = Indigenous name for small rat-kangaroo; tridactylus = “three-toed” because it was originally believed that they only had three toes)
The long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) is a small, hopping, gerbil-like mammal native to forests and shrubland of southeastern Australia and Tasmania. A member of the rat-kangaroo family (Potoroidae), it lives alone and digs at night for fungi, roots, or small insects. It is also a marsupial (like kangaroos) and carries its young in a pouch. The long-nosed potoroo is threatened by habitat loss and introduced species such as cats or foxes. There are two subspecies: P. t. tridactylus on mainland Australia, and P. t. apicalis on Tasmania, with lighter fur.
At first glance, the long-nosed potoroo with its pointed nose and grey-brown fur looks very much like a bandicoot — that is, until it hops away with its front feet tucked into its chest, revealing its close relationship with the kangaroo family. The long-nosed potoroo exhibits many morphological specializations such as an elongated pointed rostral region (nose), erect ears, large eyes, claws for digging, and long robust hind legs. It is only a small marsupial, with a body length between 34 and 38 cm (13–15 in), and a semi-prehensile tail length of 15 to 24 cm (5.9–9.4 in).
As it is rarely seen in the wild, better indicators of its presence are the runways it makes through the undergrowth and the hollow diggings it leaves behind when feeding on underground roots and fungi.
El canguro rata de hocico largo (Potorous tridactylus) es una especie de mamífero marsupial de la familia Potoroidae endémica de Australia. Está considerada como una especie amenazada en el estado de Victoria (Flora Fauna Guarantee Act 1988) y vulnerable en el estado de Queensland (Nature Conservation Act 1992) y en todo el país (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), aunque la UICN la lista como en riesgo mínimo.
A primera vista el canguro rata de hocico largo tiene la nariz puntiaguda y pelo gris-marrón, se parece mucho a un bandicut, porque salta lejos con sus patas delanteras metida en su pecho, revelando su estrecha relación con la familia de los canguros. Es solo un pequeño marsupial con una longitud entre 340 mm y 380 mm, y una longitud de la cola de 150 mm a 240 mm.[2]
Como se ve raramente en la naturaleza, los mejores indicadores de su presencia son las pistas que hace a través de la maleza y los huecos de las excavaciones que hace cuando se alimenta de raíces subterráneas y hongos.
Esta especie se distribuye a través de una amplia gama de tipos de vegetación de bosque húmedo subtropical templado y cálido a través de bosque alto abierto con sotobosque denso a denso brezales costeros. Su principal requisito es espesa cubierta vegetal, lo que se necesita para la protección y el material de nidificación. También se prefiere suelos ligeros, fáciles de excavar en las raíces bajo tierra y hongos que se come.
Tiene una distribución desigual entre el sureste de Australia y solo se conoce de una pequeña área del sur de Queensland, que se extiende hacia el norte de Nueva Gales del Sur y en el sur de Victoria. Sus huesos han sido encontrados en varios yacimientos rupestres que indican que fue una vez más extendida de lo que es hoy.
El canguro rata de hocico largo es el gasto nocturna gran parte de su tiempo en el refugio de la vegetación del sotobosque. Utiliza garras largas y curvadas en sus patas delanteras para desenterrar su comida. Se alimenta de cuerpos fructíferos de los hongos subterráneos, raíces, frutas, flores, semillas e insectos y sus larvas.
Debido a que come hongos, se propaga esporas de hongos en sus excrementos. Algunos de estos hongos crecen en las raíces de las plantas nativas y ayudar a la planta a la absorción de los nutrientes del suelo.
Son presa de los dingos, lechuzas, perros y gatos asilvestrados y zorros.
El canguro rata de hocico largo fue uno de los primeros marsupiales ser descritos por los colonos europeos. Lamentablemente, estos primeros encuentros con esta especie son el resultado de la propagación de los asentamientos humanos, lo que ha llevado a la tala de gran parte de su hábitat por el pastoreo y otros usos del suelo. Esto también ha expuesto potoroos a una gama de depredadores introducidos como los gatos y zorros.
El patrón de quema en áreas de hábitat remanente también ha cambiado, con los incendios más graves y más frecuentes que crean un sotobosque ralo que ofrece poca protección para los mamíferos pequeños como el potoroo.
Se realiza un seguimiento continuo del canguro rata de hocico largo, mientras que un plan de recuperación está siendo preparado para esta especie.
*(potoroo = Indigenous name for small rat-kangaroo; tridactylus = “three-toed” because it was originally believed that they only had three toes)
Datos: Q275608
Multimedia:
Especies: Potorous tridactylus
El canguro rata de hocico largo (Potorous tridactylus) es una especie de mamífero marsupial de la familia Potoroidae endémica de Australia. Está considerada como una especie amenazada en el estado de Victoria (Flora Fauna Guarantee Act 1988) y vulnerable en el estado de Queensland (Nature Conservation Act 1992) y en todo el país (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), aunque la UICN la lista como en riesgo mínimo.
A primera vista el canguro rata de hocico largo tiene la nariz puntiaguda y pelo gris-marrón, se parece mucho a un bandicut, porque salta lejos con sus patas delanteras metida en su pecho, revelando su estrecha relación con la familia de los canguros. Es solo un pequeño marsupial con una longitud entre 340 mm y 380 mm, y una longitud de la cola de 150 mm a 240 mm.
Como se ve raramente en la naturaleza, los mejores indicadores de su presencia son las pistas que hace a través de la maleza y los huecos de las excavaciones que hace cuando se alimenta de raíces subterráneas y hongos.
Potorous tridactylus Potorous generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Potoroidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Potorous tridactylus Potorous generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Potoroidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Le Rat-kangourou à long nez ou Potoroo à long nez (Potorous tridactylus) est une espèce de marsupiaux diprotodontes (Diprotodontia) de la famille des Potoroïdés (Potoroidae). Ce sont des Potoroos australiens de taille moyenne, caractérisé par un long museau et une queue assez grande et épaisse.
Potorous tridactylus est un petit mammifère marsupial de couleur gris/brun et de la taille d'un gros "cochon d'inde" soit 1,8 kg pour environ 40 cm. Il est caractérisé par un long museau et une queue assez grande et épaisse. Cette dernière lui permettant une certaine stabilité dans ses mouvements du fait qu'il se déplace à la manière des kangourous.
Planche zoologique de 1863
Vue latérale
Vue du dessus
Vue de face
Potoroo à long nez est solitaire et nocturne, c'est seulement à la nuit tombée qu'il part en quête de nourriture. La journée il préfèrera rester dans son trou ou dans la végétation.
Ce kangourou-rat à long nez se nourrit de baies, racines, tubercules, herbes, champignons, insectes, larves....
La femelle donne le jour à un seul fœtus d'une taille d'environ 1,5 centimètre et comme chez tous les marsupiaux ce dernier va poursuivre sa croissance dans la poche maternelle. Juste après la mise bas du fœtus la femelle s'accouple de nouveau. La gestation dure 38 jours[6].
Ce marsupial a été mentionné pour la première fois vers la fin du XVIIIe siècle par John White, un chirurgien naturaliste anglais, mais la description officielle de l'espèce date de 1792, faite par le naturaliste britannique Robert Kerr (1755-1813) dans la première partie de The Animal Kingdom, une traduction du Systema Naturae de Carl von Linné[7].
Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (4 juin 2018)[8], Catalogue of Life (4 juin 2018)[9] et BioLib (4 juin 2018)[1] :
Selon NCBI (4 juin 2018)[10] :
L'UICN ne considère pas l'espèce comme étant en danger, mais elle est protégée localement et fait l'objet d'un programme de conservation[11]. Elle est listée sur la Loi de protection de la flore et de la faune de 1988 de l'État australien de Victoria
Potorous tridactylus est menacé dans certaines régions de son aire de répartition. En cause la concurrence avec les lapins, la chasse, les empoisonnements ou encore à cause du renard.
Potorous tridactylus s'est mieux adapté que nombre d'autres marsupiaux aux feux de brousse. En effet c'est quand tout a brulé qu'il peut se nourrir des champignons qui poussent sur les racines.
En France, la ménagerie du jardin des plantes de Paris détient un petit groupe d'individus. Ils ne sont pas farouches et donc aisément observables par le public.
La Réserve zoologique de Calviac accueille également l'espèce et obtient régulièrement des naissances.
Le Rat-kangourou à long nez ou Potoroo à long nez (Potorous tridactylus) est une espèce de marsupiaux diprotodontes (Diprotodontia) de la famille des Potoroïdés (Potoroidae). Ce sont des Potoroos australiens de taille moyenne, caractérisé par un long museau et une queue assez grande et épaisse.
Il potoroo dal naso lungo (Potorous tridactylus[3] Kerr, 1792) è una specie di potoroo diffusa in Australia sud-orientale. Sebbene la IUCN lo ponga tra le specie a rischio minimo, è classificato come specie in pericolo nel Victoria (Flora Fauna Guarantee Act del 1988) e come vulnerabile nel Queensland (Nature Conservation Act del 1992) e su tutto il territorio australiano (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act del 1999).
A prima vista il potoroo dal naso lungo, con il suo naso appuntito e il mantello grigio-bruno, ricorda moltissimo un bandicoot, ma il fatto che si muova saltellando tenendo ripiegate sul petto le zampe anteriori rivela la sua stretta parentela con i Macropodidi. È un marsupiale molto piccolo, lungo tra i 34 e i 38 cm e con una coda lunga tra i 15 e i 24 cm[4].
Dal momento che in natura viene avvistato solo di rado, la sua presenza in un luogo viene stabilita in base alle piste che costruisce nel sottobosco e alle buchette che lascia dietro di sé quando si nutre di radici e funghi sul terreno.
Il potoroo dal naso lungo è diffuso in una gran varietà di ambienti, dalle calde foreste pluviali subtropicali e temperate alle foreste di basso fusto con un fitto sottobosco e alle brughiere costiere. Requisito principale per la sua sopravvivenza è la presenza di un folto sottobosco dove trovare protezione e raccogliere i materiali per costruire il nido. Predilige inoltre terreni liberi dove scavare con facilità alla ricerca delle radici sotterranee e dei funghi di cui si nutre.
Il suo areale ricopre in modo discontinuo una piccola area che dal Queensland meridionale si estende fino al Nuovo Galles del Sud settentrionale e al Victoria meridionale. Le sue ossa, ritrovate in un gran numero di depositi subfossili, indicano che un tempo questo marsupiale era molto più diffuso di oggi.
Il potoroo dal naso lungo è un animale notturno che trascorre gran parte del tempo nascosto tra la vegetazione del sottobosco. Utilizza i lunghi artigli leggermente ricurvi dei piedi anteriori per scavare alla ricerca di cibo. Questo è costituito da corpi fruttiferi di funghi, radici, frutti, fiori, semi, insetti e loro larve.
Questo potoroo gioca un importante ruolo ecologico poiché, nutrendosi di funghi, sparge le loro spore con le deiezioni. Alcuni di questi funghi crescono sulle radici delle piante del luogo e le aiutano ad assorbire i nutrienti dal suolo.
I potoroo sono predati da dingo, gufi, cani e gatti rinselvatichiti e volpi.
Il potoroo dal naso lungo è uno dei primi marsupiali ad essere stati descritti dai coloni europei. Sfortunatamente, questi primi incontri con la specie erano il risultato dell'espansione degli insediamenti umani che ha portato alla deforestazione di gran parte degli habitat dell'animale per far spazio a pascoli e ad altre attività agricole. L'uomo ha inoltre esposto i potoroo alla predazione da parte di gatti e volpi.
Nelle aree rimanenti, inoltre, è cambiato il regime degli incendi, che, facendosi più estesi e frequenti, hanno creato una serie sparsa di boscaglie che non danno il necessario riparo ai piccoli mammiferi come il potoroo.
Attualmente sta ancora avvenendo il monitoraggio delle popolazioni di questo animale, mentre un piano di recupero è in corso di preparazione.
Il potoroo dal naso lungo (Potorous tridactylus Kerr, 1792) è una specie di potoroo diffusa in Australia sud-orientale. Sebbene la IUCN lo ponga tra le specie a rischio minimo, è classificato come specie in pericolo nel Victoria (Flora Fauna Guarantee Act del 1988) e come vulnerabile nel Queensland (Nature Conservation Act del 1992) e su tutto il territorio australiano (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act del 1999).
A prima vista il potoroo dal naso lungo, con il suo naso appuntito e il mantello grigio-bruno, ricorda moltissimo un bandicoot, ma il fatto che si muova saltellando tenendo ripiegate sul petto le zampe anteriori rivela la sua stretta parentela con i Macropodidi. È un marsupiale molto piccolo, lungo tra i 34 e i 38 cm e con una coda lunga tra i 15 e i 24 cm.
Dal momento che in natura viene avvistato solo di rado, la sua presenza in un luogo viene stabilita in base alle piste che costruisce nel sottobosco e alle buchette che lascia dietro di sé quando si nutre di radici e funghi sul terreno.
De langneuspotoroe (Potorous tridactylus) is een kangoeroerat uit het geslacht der potoroes (Potorous).
De bovenkant van het lichaam is bruingrijs, de onderkant lichtgrijs. De korte, donkere, nauwelijks behaarde staart loopt taps toe. De oren zijn klein en donker. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 340 tot 400 mm, de staartlengte 180 tot 250 mm, de achtervoetlengte 70 tot 82 mm en het gewicht 660 tot 1600 g.
Deze solitaire soort is grotendeels 's nachts actief, leeft op de grond en eet van alles, van schimmels tot fruit, groene planten en geleedpotigen.
Vrouwtjes kunnen per jaar tot twee jongen krijgen, die het hele jaar door geboren worden.
Deze soort komt voor in Zuidoost-Australië van Zuidoost-Queensland tot West-Victoria, op Tasmanië en op de eilanden Kingeiland, Flinderseiland en Frencheiland. Op Tasmanië komt hij algemeen voor, maar op het vasteland is hij zeldzaam.
De langneuspotoroe (Potorous tridactylus) is een kangoeroerat uit het geslacht der potoroes (Potorous).
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Kanguroszczur myszaty[3], poturu[4], kanguroszczur właściwy[4] (Potorous tridactylus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny kanguroszczurowatych (Potoroidae).
Lasy i zarośla południowo-wschodniej Australii i Tasmanii.
Zwierzę wielkości królika. Ciało długości 30-40 cm i masie 0,66-2 kg. Częściowo chwytny ogon osiąga długość 15-26 cm. Pysk wydłużony. Ubarwienie popielate lub brunatne z szarym lub białym spodem. Dobrze rozwinięta torba lęgowa osłania 4 sutki, otwiera się do przodu.
Dojrzałość płciową osiągają ok. 12 miesiąca życia. Po ciąży trwającej 33-42 dni samica rodzi jedno młode. Długość życia wynosi 7 lat.
Poturu jest samotnikiem o nocnym trybie życia. Zjada grzyby, korzonki, larwy i trawy.
Kanguroszczur myszaty, poturu, kanguroszczur właściwy (Potorous tridactylus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny kanguroszczurowatych (Potoroidae).
Potorous tridactylus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Potoroidae.
Endêmico da Austrália.
Potorous tridactylus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Potoroidae.
Endêmico da Austrália.
Långnosad kängururåtta (Potorous tridactylus) är ett pungdjur som hör till familjen råttkänguruer.
Kroppslängden (huvud och bål) varierar mellan 26 och 41 centimeter. Svanslängden är mellan 19 och 26 centimeter. Vikten varierar mellan 0,7 och 1,65 kilogram.[2] Pälsfärgen på ovansidan är grå till brun och undersidan är oftast ljusare. Svansen har ibland en vit spets och kan i viss mån användas som gripverktyg. Djuret har kraftiga främre extremiteter med klor för att gräva i marken.[2]
Finns i fuktiga eller torra skogar och gräsmarker nära kusten i östra och sydöstra Australien samt på Tasmanien.[1]
Den äter gräs, örter, svampar och rötter men kan också ta insektslarver.[2] Individerna är vanligen aktiva mellan skymningen och gryningen men kan vara ute på dagen under vintern eller under molniga dagar. De vilar gömd under täta vegetationsansamlingar.[2]
Könsmognaden kommer vid 1 års ålder. Parningstiden är hela året runt men de flesta ungar föds under våren eller sommaren. Dräktigheten varar i 38 dagar vad som är den längsta dräktighetstiden för ett pungdjur. Sedan vistas ungdjuret cirka fyra månader i pungen (marsupium). Honan föder bara en unge i tagen.[1][2]
Livslängden i naturen är cirka 5 år och sällan 7 år.[1][2]
Arten hotas i vissa områden av introducerade fiender som rävar eller tamkatter samt av svedjebruk. Beståndet minskar men IUCN listar den långnosade kängururåttan fortfarande som livskraftig (LC).[1]
Långnosad kängururåtta (Potorous tridactylus) är ett pungdjur som hör till familjen råttkänguruer.
Potorous tridactylus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Potoroidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Kerr mô tả năm 1792.[2]
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Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Potorous tridactylus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Potoroidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Kerr mô tả năm 1792.
긴코쥐캥거루(Potorous tridactylus)는 오스트레일리아에 서식하는 쥐캥거루의 일종이다. 쥐캥거루과에 속하는 작은 유대류이다. 아종은 오스트레일리아 대륙의 P. t. tridactylus와 태즈메이니아의 P. t. apicalis로 2종으로 이루어져 있으며, "아피칼리스"(P. t. apicalis)의 털은 "트리닥틸루스"(P. t. tridactylus)보다 연한 색을 띠는 경향을 보인다.[3]
긴코쥐캥거루(Potorous tridactylus)는 오스트레일리아에 서식하는 쥐캥거루의 일종이다. 쥐캥거루과에 속하는 작은 유대류이다. 아종은 오스트레일리아 대륙의 P. t. tridactylus와 태즈메이니아의 P. t. apicalis로 2종으로 이루어져 있으며, "아피칼리스"(P. t. apicalis)의 털은 "트리닥틸루스"(P. t. tridactylus)보다 연한 색을 띠는 경향을 보인다.
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