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Stenolaemata ( German )

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Die Stenolaemata bilden eine Klasse der Moostierchen (Ectoprocta, auch Bryozoa genannt), welche ausschließlich im Salzwasser (marin) vorkommt. Diese Klasse umfasst nur eine rezente Ordnung, die Cyclostomata, mit ca. 175 Gattungen und war besonders in der Kreidezeit verbreitet. Zu den ausgestorbenen Ordnungen dieser Klasse zählen u. a. die Cystopora und Cryptostomata. Erste Fossilien der Stenolaemata stammen aus dem Ordovizium.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Bau

Die Cystide sind lang, zylindrisch und hinten zugespitzt und besitzen keinen Verschlussapparat. Offene Poren zwischen den Nachbartieren ermöglichen einen Stoffaustausch, es existiert keine Körperwandmuskulatur und die Eientwicklung findet in den Gonozoiden statt.

Systematik

Quellen

  • Rieger, Reinhard; Westheide, Wilfried: Spezielle Zoologie 1 Spektrum; Stuttgart 2006; ISBN 3-8274-1575-6
  • Hennig, Dr. Willi: Wirbellose I. Taschenbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Jena: Fischer 1994; ISBN 3-8252-1831-7
  • Remane, Adolf; Storch, Volker; Welsch, Ulrich: Systematische Zoologie. Berlin: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag 2003; ISBN 3-8274-1112-2
  • Ulrich Lehmann und Gero Hillmer: Wirbellose Tiere der Vorzeit: Leitfaden der systematischen Paläontologie der Invertebraten. 2. Auflage, Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke-Verlag Stuttgart, 1988; ISBN 3-432-90652-8
  • Borg, Folke: Studies on Recent Cyclostomatous Bryozoa. In: Zoologiska bidrag från Uppsala, Band 10, S. 181–507, 1926

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Stenolaemata: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Stenolaemata bilden eine Klasse der Moostierchen (Ectoprocta, auch Bryozoa genannt), welche ausschließlich im Salzwasser (marin) vorkommt. Diese Klasse umfasst nur eine rezente Ordnung, die Cyclostomata, mit ca. 175 Gattungen und war besonders in der Kreidezeit verbreitet. Zu den ausgestorbenen Ordnungen dieser Klasse zählen u. a. die Cystopora und Cryptostomata. Erste Fossilien der Stenolaemata stammen aus dem Ordovizium.

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Stenolaemata ( Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) )

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Stenolaemata es un classe de Bryozoa.

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Stenolaemata

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Stenolaemata are a class of exclusively marine bryozoans. Stenolaemates originated and diversified in the Ordovician, and more than 600 species are still alive today.[1] All extant (living) species are in the order Cyclostomatida, the third-largest order of living bryozoans.[2]

These animals are stationary suspension feeders that live on the ocean floor. They formed colonies with robust, calcified exoskeletons, allowing for a high potential for fossil preservation. The individual zooids in the colony may be tubular, conical, or sac-shaped. Each individual, or zooid, may extend from the colony at an angle, extending its tentacles to feed.[1] The fossil genus Batostoma in the order Trepostomatida existed in monticular colonies.

Stenolaemates were the predominant bryozoan group during the Paleozoic, when many extinct orders proliferated within the class.[3] Some grew as lacy or fan-like colonies that became important reef builders, and in some regions form an abundant component of limestones. The extinct Palaeozoic stenolaemate orders are placed in the superorder Palaeostomata.[4] Their numbers were greatly reduced during the terminal Permian extinction event, and most stenolaemates were extinct by the start of the Jurassic.[5]

However, the basal and previously rare stenolaemate order Cyclostomatida diversified in the Jurassic and became the most abundant group of bryozoans in the late Mesozoic. Cyclostomatida is no longer the most speciose bryozoan group, as the order experienced high rates of extinction during the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, while ctenostome and cheilostome bryozoans in the class Gymnolaemata diversified around the same time. Nevertheless, cyclostomates are still major components of modern marine ecosystems.[5]

Extant and extinct orders in this class include:[1][6][5][4]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stenolaemata.
  1. ^ a b c Stenolaemata. The Digital Atlas of Ordovician Life.
  2. ^ Ramalho, L. V., G. Muricy, and P. D. Taylor. (2009). Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2057 32-52.
  3. ^ Barnes, R. D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 902. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
  4. ^ a b Jun-ye, Ma; Buttler, Caroline J.; Taylor, Paul D. (2014). "Cladistic analysis of the 'trepostome' Suborder Esthonioporina and the systematics of Palaeozoic bryozoans". Studi Trent. Sci. Nat. 94: 153–161.
  5. ^ a b c Taylor, Paul D.; Waeschenbach, Andrea (2015). "Phylogeny and diversification of bryozoans". Palaeontology. 58 (4): 585–599. doi:10.1111/pala.12170. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 82475898.
  6. ^ Borg (1926). Bock P (ed.). "Stenolaemata". World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2020-02-10.

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Stenolaemata: Brief Summary

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Stenolaemata are a class of exclusively marine bryozoans. Stenolaemates originated and diversified in the Ordovician, and more than 600 species are still alive today. All extant (living) species are in the order Cyclostomatida, the third-largest order of living bryozoans.

These animals are stationary suspension feeders that live on the ocean floor. They formed colonies with robust, calcified exoskeletons, allowing for a high potential for fossil preservation. The individual zooids in the colony may be tubular, conical, or sac-shaped. Each individual, or zooid, may extend from the colony at an angle, extending its tentacles to feed. The fossil genus Batostoma in the order Trepostomatida existed in monticular colonies.

Stenolaemates were the predominant bryozoan group during the Paleozoic, when many extinct orders proliferated within the class. Some grew as lacy or fan-like colonies that became important reef builders, and in some regions form an abundant component of limestones. The extinct Palaeozoic stenolaemate orders are placed in the superorder Palaeostomata. Their numbers were greatly reduced during the terminal Permian extinction event, and most stenolaemates were extinct by the start of the Jurassic.

However, the basal and previously rare stenolaemate order Cyclostomatida diversified in the Jurassic and became the most abundant group of bryozoans in the late Mesozoic. Cyclostomatida is no longer the most speciose bryozoan group, as the order experienced high rates of extinction during the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, while ctenostome and cheilostome bryozoans in the class Gymnolaemata diversified around the same time. Nevertheless, cyclostomates are still major components of modern marine ecosystems.

Extant and extinct orders in this class include:

Cyclostomatida/Cyclostomata (Ordovician-present) Cryptostomata/Cryptostomida † (Ordovician-Triassic) Cystoporida/Cystoporata † (Ordovician-Triassic) Esthonioporata † (Ordovician-Devonian) Fenestrata/Fenestrida † (Ordovician-Permian) Timanodictyina † (Devonian-Permian, may be a suborder of Cryptostomata) Trepostomatida/Trepostomata † (Ordovician-Triassic)
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Stenolaemata ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los estenolemados (Stenolaemata) son una a clase de briozoos marinos. Se originaron en el Ordovícico, y todavía posee especies vivientes en la actualidad, todas ellas en el orden Cyclostomatida.[1][2]

Historia

Los estenolemados fueron los briozoos dominantes durante el Paleozoico.[3]​ Algunos formaban colonias de encaje o en forma de abanico que contribuyeron a formar arrecifes que en algunas regiones son un importante componente de las rocas calcáreas. Su número se redujo drásticamente durante la extinción masiva de finales del Pérmico, pero los miembros del orden Cyclostomatida sobreviven hoy en día.

Características

Son animales coloniales que viven fijos al fondo del mar y se alimentan capturando partículas en suspensión. Los individuos de una colonia, llamados zooides, pueden ser tubulares, cónicos o en forma de saco y pueden extender sus tentáculos (lofóforo) lateralmente para capturar el alimento.[1]

Taxonomía

La clase Stenolaemata incluye los siguientes órdenes:[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c Stenolaemata. The Digital Atlas of Ordovician Life.
  2. Ramalho, L. V., G. Muricy, and P. D. Taylor. (2009). Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2057 32-52.
  3. Barnes, R. D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 902. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

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Stenolaemata: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los estenolemados (Stenolaemata) son una a clase de briozoos marinos. Se originaron en el Ordovícico, y todavía posee especies vivientes en la actualidad, todas ellas en el orden Cyclostomatida.​​

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Stenolaemata ( French )

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Les Stenolaemata sont l'une des trois classes de phylum des bryozoaires (Bryozoa) dans l'embranchement des Ectoproctes.

Liste des ordres

Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 février 2016)[1] :

Voir aussi

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Stenolaemata: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Stenolaemata sont l'une des trois classes de phylum des bryozoaires (Bryozoa) dans l'embranchement des Ectoproctes.

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Stenolaemata ( Italian )

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Stenolaemata Borg, 1926 è una delle due classi che costituiscono il phylum dei briozoi.[1]

Descrizione

Questi animali sono mangiatori sessili di prodotti in sospensione. Gli individui della colonia possono essere tubolari, conici o a forma di sacco. Ogni individuo, o zooide, può allungarsi, estendendo i suoi tentacoli per alimentarsi.[2]

Gli Stenolaemata sono apparsi nell'Ordoviciano ed erano il gruppo briozoiano predominante durante il Paleozoico.[3] Alcuni crebbero come colonie di pizzo o a ventaglio che divennero importanti costruttori di scogliera e in alcune regioni formano un'abbondante componente dei calcari. Il genere fossile Batostoma dell'ordine Trepostomatida - estintosi alla fine del Triassico - esisteva in colonie monticolari. Il loro numero si è notevolmente ridotto durante l'evento di estinzione di massa del Permiano, ma l'ordine Ciclostomatide è sopravvissuto fino ai giorni nostri.

Tassonomia

Comprende i seguenti ordini[1]

Sono inoltre noti i seguernti ordini estinti:[2]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Bryozoa, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato l'11 febbraio 2020.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Stenolaemata, su Atlas of Ordovician Life, 26 settembre 2013. URL consultato il 10 febbraio 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 giugno 2020).
  3. ^ (EN) Robert D. Barnes, Invertebrate zoology, 4th ed, Saunders College, 1980, p. 903, ISBN 0-03-056747-5, OCLC 5830048. URL consultato il 10 febbraio 2020.

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Stenolaemata: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Stenolaemata Borg, 1926 è una delle due classi che costituiscono il phylum dei briozoi.

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Stenolaemata ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Stenolaemata is een klasse van de stam mosdiertjes (Bryozoa). Er zijn verschillende ordes beschreven, die op een na allemaal als fossiel bekend zijn en al lange tijd zijn uitgestorven.

De Stenolaemata kwamen veel voor in het Paleozoïcum en een groot deel van de soorten stierf uit in het Perm. De enige groep die nog moderne vertegenwoordigers heeft is de orde Cyclostomatida.

Taxonomie

De klasse van Stenolaemata kent de volgende indeling:

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Stenolaemata: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Stenolaemata is een klasse van de stam mosdiertjes (Bryozoa). Er zijn verschillende ordes beschreven, die op een na allemaal als fossiel bekend zijn en al lange tijd zijn uitgestorven.

De Stenolaemata kwamen veel voor in het Paleozoïcum en een groot deel van de soorten stierf uit in het Perm. De enige groep die nog moderne vertegenwoordigers heeft is de orde Cyclostomatida.

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Szczupnice ( Polish )

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Szczupnice (Stenolaemata) – gromada kosmopolitycznych, morskich, głównie głębokowodnych mszywiołów wyróżniających się silnie zwapnionymi, rurkowatymi zooidami. Od pozostałych mszywiołów różnią się również pączkowaniem. W paleozoiku były dominującą gromadą mszywiołów do czasu permskiego wymierania.

Systematyka

Do szczupnic zaliczane są rzędy:

Bibliografia

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Szczupnice: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Szczupnice (Stenolaemata) – gromada kosmopolitycznych, morskich, głównie głębokowodnych mszywiołów wyróżniających się silnie zwapnionymi, rurkowatymi zooidami. Od pozostałych mszywiołów różnią się również pączkowaniem. W paleozoiku były dominującą gromadą mszywiołów do czasu permskiego wymierania.

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Stenolaemata ( Portuguese )

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Stenolaemata é uma ordem de briozoários exclusivamente marinhos, tubulares ou cônicos que compreende cerca de 550 gêneros agrupados em 20 famílias. São encontrados registros fósseis abundantes do Ordoviciano ao Mesocretáceo, diminuindo sua predominância no Cretáceo Superior, mas ainda podem ser encontrados.

Classificação

Referências

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Stenolaemata: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Stenolaemata é uma ordem de briozoários exclusivamente marinhos, tubulares ou cônicos que compreende cerca de 550 gêneros agrupados em 20 famílias. São encontrados registros fósseis abundantes do Ordoviciano ao Mesocretáceo, diminuindo sua predominância no Cretáceo Superior, mas ainda podem ser encontrados.

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Узкоротые ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Надтип: Спиральные
Тип: Мшанки
Класс: Узкоротые
Международное научное название

Stenolaemata Borg, 1926

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ITIS 914199NCBI 97264EOL 2953491FW 24774

Узкоротые (лат. Stenolaemata) — класс беспозвоночных животных из типа мшанок.

Узкоротые образуют особый класс мшанок (Ectoprocta или Bryozoa), представители которого обитают исключительно в солёных, морских водах. В настоящее время его состав входит всего один отряд Cyclostomata, состоящий из 3 семейств. Впервые зафиксированы в отложениях раннего ордовикского периода, около 488 млн лет назад. В период от ордовика и до пермского периода существовали ещё три отряда узкоротых. Сохранившийся отряд этих животных включает в себя около 175 различных видов. Наибольшее распространение узкоротые имели в меловой период.

Строение

Цистиды этих животных удлинённой формы, цилиндрические и заострены в задней части. Открытые поры на телах соседствующих организмов создают возможность между ними обмена веществ. У узкоротых отсутствует какая-либо мускулатура. Развитие и вынашивание яиц происходит в гонозооидах.

Классификация

В класс включают 5 отрядов, из которых 4 вымерли[1]:

Примечания

  1. Ранг Stenolaemata (англ.) в Мировом реестре морских видов (World Register of Marine Species). (Проверено 3 июля 2017).
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Узкоротые: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Узкоротые (лат. Stenolaemata) — класс беспозвоночных животных из типа мшанок.

Узкоротые образуют особый класс мшанок (Ectoprocta или Bryozoa), представители которого обитают исключительно в солёных, морских водах. В настоящее время его состав входит всего один отряд Cyclostomata, состоящий из 3 семейств. Впервые зафиксированы в отложениях раннего ордовикского периода, около 488 млн лет назад. В период от ордовика и до пермского периода существовали ещё три отряда узкоротых. Сохранившийся отряд этих животных включает в себя около 175 различных видов. Наибольшее распространение узкоротые имели в меловой период.

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窄唇綱 ( Chinese )

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窄唇綱學名Stenolaemata),又名狹唇綱,是外肛動物門下的一個。其下共有7個,其中除了環口目外其他目皆已絕滅[1]現生種管孔蟲(Tubulipora)、櫛苔蟲(Crisia)等。

分類

參考文獻

  1. ^ Stenolaemata. The Digital Atlas of Ordovician Life.
Ophiura.png 這是與無脊椎動物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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窄唇綱: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

窄唇綱(學名:Stenolaemata),又名狹唇綱,是外肛動物門下的一個。其下共有7個,其中除了環口目外其他目皆已絕滅現生種管孔蟲(Tubulipora)、櫛苔蟲(Crisia)等。

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협후강 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

협후강(狹喉綱, Stenolaemata)에 속해 있는 동물은 대부분 바다에 살고 촉수관이 둥근 모양이며, 휴지아를 생성하지 않는다. 그러나 협후강에 속해 있는 대부분의 동물이 절멸했고, 원구목에 속한 동물만 현재 생존해 있다.

하위 분류

현존하는 1~2개의 목을 포함하고 있다.[1][2]

  • Esthonioporata
  • 원구목 (Cyclostomatida 또는 Cyclostomata)
  • Cryptostomata
  • † Cryptostomida
  • † Cystoporata
  • † Cystoporida
  • † Fenestrida
  • † Melicerititida
  • † Trepostomatida

각주

  1. Stenolaemata. Archived 2020년 6월 11일 - 웨이백 머신 The Digital Atlas of Ordovician Life.
  2. Borg (1926). Bock P, 편집. “Stenolaemata”. 《World list of Bryozoa》. 세계 해양생물종 등록소(World Register of Marine Species). 2020년 2월 10일에 확인함.
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