Description
provided by eFloras
Shrubs (usually sprawling) or woody climbers, usually armed. Petiole 1-4 cm; leaflet blades usually sessile or subsessile, elliptic or narrowly elliptic to obovate to oblanceolate, 3-10 × 1-4 cm, base narrowly cuneate to attenuate, apex acuminate or rarely acute to obtuse or rounded. Inflorescences to 17 cm. Sepals 0.3-0.5 mm. Petals cream-white, ovate to elliptic, 1-3.5 mm. Stamens in male flowers 3-4 mm, in female flowers ligulate and 0.2-0.8 mm. Disk 0.2-0.5 mm. Gynoecium in female flowers ovoid to ellipsoid and 1.5-2.5 mm, in male flowers subcylindric and 1-2 mm. Fruit 5-10 mm in diam. Seeds 5-6.5 mm. Fl. year-round but mostly in spring and summer, fr. autumn and winter.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Africa, Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), India, Ceylon, Burma, east to China, Malaysia.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Madagascar].
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Elevation Range
provided by eFloras
450-1700 m
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
provided by eFloras
Secondary forests, thickets; near sea level to 2000 m.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Paullinia asiatica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 365. 1753, typ. cons.; Aralia labordei H. Léveillé; Toddalia asiatica var. floribunda (Wallich) Kurz; T. asiatica var. gracilis Gamble; T. asiatica var. obtusifolia Gamble; T. floribunda Wallich; T. tonkinensis Guillaumin.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Derivation of specific name
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
asiatica: of Asia
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=133140
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Description
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Strong robust liane. The young branches are covered with sharp, hooked thorns. In older branches these form thickened knobs, which still maintain the hooks. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets elliptic to obovate, shiny green, paler below, covered with translucent gland-dots, with a strong citrus smell when crushed. Flowers in axillary and terminal clusters or branched inflorescences, cream to pale greenish-yellow. Fruit small, citrus-like, orange when ripe.
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=133140
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Frequency
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Common in the E Highlands
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=133140
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Insects whose larvae eat this plant species
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Papilio dardanus cenea (Mocker swallowtail) Papilio demodocus demodocus (Citrus swallowtail)
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=133140
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Africa from E and C Africa southwards to S Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands and India
- license
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=133140
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Cyclicity
provided by Plants of Tibet
Flowering year-round but mostly in spring and summer; fruiting in autumn and winter.
Distribution
provided by Plants of Tibet
Toddalia asiatica is occurring in Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan of China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa, Madagascar.
Evolution
provided by Plants of Tibet
Phylogeny and classification of Rutaceae subfamilies Rutoideae and Toddalioideae were inferred from plastid (trnL intron and trnL-F spacer) and nuclear (ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA) regions (Poon et al., 2007). Results support to merging these two subfamilies established by Engler based on different fruit types. Moreover, Phellodendron, Tetradium, Toddalia, and Zanthoxylum were resolved as a clade, supporting the proposal for a ‘proto-Rutaceae’ group.
General Description
provided by Plants of Tibet
Shrubs (usually sprawling) or woody climbers, usually armed. Petiole 1-4 cm; leaflet blades usually sessile or subsessile, elliptic or narrowly elliptic to obovate to oblanceolate, 3-10 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, base narrowly cuneate to attenuate, apex acuminate or rarely acute to obtuse or rounded. Inflorescences to 17 cm. Sepals 0.3-0.5 mm. Petals cream-white, ovate to elliptic, 1-3.5 mm. Stamens in male flowers 3-4 mm, in female flowers ligulate and 0.2-0.8 mm. Disk 0.2-0.5 mm. Gynoecium in female flowers ovoid to ellipsoid and 1.5-2.5 mm, in male flowers subcylindric and 1-2 mm. Fruit 5-10 mm in diameter. Seeds 5-6.5 mm.
Genetics
provided by Plants of Tibet
The chromosomal number of Toddalia asiatica is 2n = 18 (Gunaseeli and Sampathkumar, 1985, 1990).
Habitat
provided by Plants of Tibet
Growing in secondary forests, thickets; near sea level to 2000 m.
Oyod kucing
(
Javanese
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
Aksara Latin
-
Oyod kucing[1] (Toddalia aculeata) (Jawa: ꦲꦺꦴꦪꦺꦴꦢ꧀ꦏꦸꦕꦶꦁ, Indonésia: akar kucing[1]) yaiku tuwuhan perdu jalar, dawae udakara 20 m, kabeh bagean tanduran kasebut ana pait lan landhep, asring digunakake minangka rempah-rempah, minangka stimulan pencernaan lan panolak demam.[1]
Referensi
Oyod kucing: Brief Summary
(
Javanese
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
Oyod kucing (Toddalia aculeata) (Jawa: ꦲꦺꦴꦪꦺꦴꦢ꧀ꦏꦸꦕꦶꦁ, Indonésia: akar kucing) yaiku tuwuhan perdu jalar, dawae udakara 20 m, kabeh bagean tanduran kasebut ana pait lan landhep, asring digunakake minangka rempah-rempah, minangka stimulan pencernaan lan panolak demam.
కొండ కసింద
(
Telugu
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
కొండ కసింద (Toddalia) పుష్పించే మొక్కలలో రూటేసి కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ఒక ప్రజాతి.[1] దీనిలోని ఏకైక జాతి టొడ్డాలియా ఆసియాటికా (Toddalia asiatica). దీని ఆంగ్ల భాషలోని పేర్లు: orange climber. In Afrikaans it is called ranklemoentjie, and in Venda, gwambadzi.[2] దీనిని సంస్కృతంలో కాంచన అని పిలుస్తారు. ఇది ఆసియా, ఆఫ్రికాలోని చాలా దేశాలలో విస్తరించింది.[3] ఇవి అధిక వర్షపాతం కలిగిన అరణ్యాలలో పెరుగుతుంది.[2] ఆఫ్రికాలో అరణ్యాల నిర్మూలన వలన ఇది ప్రమాదంలో పడింది.[4]
This is a liana with woody, corky, thorny stems that climb on trees, reaching up to 10 meters in length. It has shiny green citrus-scented leaves, yellow-green flowers, and orange fruits about half a centimeter wide that taste like orange peel.[2] The seeds are dispersed by birds and monkeys that eat the fruits.[2]
ఉపయోగాలు
మూలాలు
-
↑ Orwa, J. A., et al. (2008). The use of Toddalia asiatica (L) Lam. (Rutaceae) in traditional medicine practice in East Africa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115:2 257-62.
-
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Plantz Africa". మూలం నుండి 2011-12-06 న ఆర్కైవు చేసారు. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Cite web requires
|website=
(help) -
↑ "GRIN Species Profile". మూలం నుండి 2012-10-10 న ఆర్కైవు చేసారు. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Cite web requires
|website=
(help) -
↑ Nabwami, J., et al. (2007). Characterization of the natural habitat of Toddalia asiatica in the Lake Victoria basin: soil characteristics and seedling establishment. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings Volume 8.
-
↑ Bussmann, R. W., et al. (2006). Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2 22.
-
↑ Oketch-Rabah, H. A., et al. (2000). A new antiplasmodial coumarin from Toddalia asiatica roots. Fitoterapia 71:6 636-40.
-
↑ Lu, S. Y., et al. (2005). Identification of antiviral activity of Toddalia asiatica against influenza type A virus. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 30:13 998-1001.
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- వికీపీడియా రచయితలు మరియు సంపాదకులు
కొండ కసింద: Brief Summary
(
Telugu
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
కొండ కసింద (Toddalia) పుష్పించే మొక్కలలో రూటేసి కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ఒక ప్రజాతి. దీనిలోని ఏకైక జాతి టొడ్డాలియా ఆసియాటికా (Toddalia asiatica). దీని ఆంగ్ల భాషలోని పేర్లు: orange climber. In Afrikaans it is called ranklemoentjie, and in Venda, gwambadzi. దీనిని సంస్కృతంలో కాంచన అని పిలుస్తారు. ఇది ఆసియా, ఆఫ్రికాలోని చాలా దేశాలలో విస్తరించింది. ఇవి అధిక వర్షపాతం కలిగిన అరణ్యాలలో పెరుగుతుంది. ఆఫ్రికాలో అరణ్యాల నిర్మూలన వలన ఇది ప్రమాదంలో పడింది.
This is a liana with woody, corky, thorny stems that climb on trees, reaching up to 10 meters in length. It has shiny green citrus-scented leaves, yellow-green flowers, and orange fruits about half a centimeter wide that taste like orange peel. The seeds are dispersed by birds and monkeys that eat the fruits.
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- వికీపీడియా రచయితలు మరియు సంపాదకులు
Umugasa
(
Kinyarwanda
)
provided by wikipedia emerging_languages
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- Wikipedia abanditsi n'abanditsi
Toddalia asiatica
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Toddalia asiatica es una especie de planta Magnoliophyta perteneciente a la familia Rutaceae. Es una enredadera leñosa (liana) y da frutos que poseen un sabor que se asemeja al de una cruza entre una naranja y un limón, aunque son mucho más pequeños que estas frutas.[1]
Descripción
Puede alcanzar una altura de 10 m en los bosques, ya que utiliza otros árboles como soporte. Los tallos corchosos están cubiertos con espinas nudosas y son de color amarillo cuando se cortan. Las atractivas hojas trifoliadas brillantes son de color verde claro a verde oscuro y son extremadamente aromáticas, con olor a limón cuando se trituran. Las ramitas están cubiertas de pequeñas espinas curvadas. Las pequeñas flores de color amarillo verdoso aparecen en primavera y la planta continúa floreciendo hasta principios de otoño.[2]
El fruto de Toddalia asiatica es una baya globosa, que mide de 5 a 7 mm de diámetro y es anaranjado cuando está maduro.
Distribución y hábitat
Toddalia asiatica siempre habita en bosques cerca de ríos o arroyos. Crece bastante bien en suelos arcillosos. En Sudáfrica su distribución natural se encuentra en la ladera sur de Soutpansberg y al sur de Suazilandia. También crece más al norte en África tropical, Asia y Madagascar.
Usos
La fruta es utilizada por los masái como remedio para la tos y las raíces en el tratamiento de la indigestión y la gripe. Las hojas se usan para enfermedades pulmonares y reumatismo. En Madagascar, la raíz y su corteza se han utilizado como remedio para la fiebre, la malaria, el cólera, la diarrea y el reumatismo. En la India se extrae un tinte amarillo de las raíces (llamado López Root) y la corteza de la raíz se usa medicinalmente como tónico y para dolencias estomacales.[3]
Referencias
-
↑ Watt & Breyer Brandwijk. 1962. Medicinal and poisonous plants of Southern and Eastern Africa . E. & S. Livingstone LTD. Edinburgh and London
-
↑ Plants used by the Masai rom the Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2006; 2: 22-22
-
↑ Usher, George. 1974. A dictionary of plants used by man, Constable, London
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Toddalia asiatica: Brief Summary
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Toddalia asiatica es una especie de planta Magnoliophyta perteneciente a la familia Rutaceae. Es una enredadera leñosa (liana) y da frutos que poseen un sabor que se asemeja al de una cruza entre una naranja y un limón, aunque son mucho más pequeños que estas frutas.
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- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Toddalia asiatica
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Toddalia asiatica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cửu lý hương. Loài này được (L.) Lam. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1797.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Toddalia asiatica: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Toddalia asiatica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cửu lý hương. Loài này được (L.) Lam. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1797.
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飛龍掌血
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
飛龍掌血: Brief Summary
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
飛龍掌血(學名:Toddalia asiatica,英文名稱:Asian Toddalia、Asiatic toddalia root、Lopez Root、Orange climber ),別稱飛龍斬血、爬山虎、下山虎、入山虎、蛇退步、猴子香櫞、雞爪簕、狗欄子、狗柑子、貓爪簕、牛丹子、牛麻簕、牛麻簕藤、八百棒 、八大王、白見血飛、白三百棒、黃大金根、黃椒、黃椒根、黃樹根藤、黃肉樹、細葉黃肉刺、小葉黃肉樹、紅三百棒、三百棒、三叉藤、三文藤、大架歸、大救駕、小挌藤、小格藤、小金藤、溪椒、抽皮簕、刺枇杷、刺米通、迷通果、鉤藤子、簕鉤、勒鉤、油婆簕、畫眉跳、血棒頭、血淋甲、血見愁、血見飛、血蓮腸、見血而亡、見血飛、見血亡、見血散、見而散、散血丹、散血飛、破皮見血、嘛磚藤、野花椒、冬花椒、山胡椒、山橘、土冰粉子、溫答、燒酒鉤、鐵掌米樹、亦雷、硬諾實者實剛、烏面刺及萱子刺等,為芸香科飛龍掌血屬植物。英文俗名Orange climber 意為「會攀爬的橘樹 」。本種因莖幹上滿佈倒生狀皮刺,若不小心誤觸定必鮮血淋漓,兼攀緣的生長習性侊如龍騰飛翔一樣,故而得名飛龍掌血。