Urocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, semi-slugs and land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea, (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[2]
Some species within this family make and use love darts before mating.
Distribution
The Urocyclidae are distributed in the Afrotropical realm, including Madagascar, the Comores and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea.[3][4]
Taxonomy
The family Urocyclidae consists of 3 subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005),[2] that follows classification of Urocyclinae by Van Goethem (1977):[5]
- subfamily Rhysotininae Schileyko, 2002
- subfamily Sheldoniinae Connolly, 1925 (1912)[6] - synonyms: Peltatinae Godwin-Austen, 1912;[7] Trochonanininae Connolly, 1912;[8] Trochozonitinae Iredale, 1914;[9] Ledoulxiinae Pilsbry, 1919;[10] Gymnarionidae Von Mol, 1970;[11] Rhysotinidae Schileyko, 2002; Zonitarionini Schileyko, 2002; Acantharionini Schileyko, 2002
- subfamily Urocyclinae Simroth, 1889
Genera
Genera within the family Urocyclidae include:
- unsorted
- Subfamily Rhysotininae Schileyko, 2002
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Rhysotina Ancey, 1887[2]
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Thomeonanina Germain, 1909 : synonym of Rhysotina Ancey, 1887 (objective synonym)
- Subfamily Sheldoniinae
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Acantharion Binder & Tillier, 1985[2]
-
Africarion Godwin-Austen, 1883
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Amatarion Van Mol, 1970
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Angustivestis Pilsbry, 1919
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Aspidelus Morelet, 1884
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Aspidotomium Degner, 1932
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Belonarion Pilsbry, 1919
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Bloyetia Bourguignat, 1890
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Camerunarion Van Mol, 1970
-
Carinazingis van Bruggen & de Winter, 1990
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Centrafricarion Van Mol, 1970 [11]
-
Chlamydarion Van Mol, 1968
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Colparion Laidlaw, 1938
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Degneria Verdcourt, 1956
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Entagaricus Pilsbry, 1919
-
Estria Poirier, 1887
-
Falloonella Preston, 1914
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Fuellebornia Verdcourt, 1998
-
Granularion Germain, 1912
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Gymnarion Pilsbry, 1919[2]
-
Hamya Bourguignat, 1885 †
-
Kerkophorus Godwin-Austen, 1912
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Lacrimarion Connolly, 1939
-
Malagarion Tillier, 1979
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Mesafricarion Pilsbry, 1919
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Microkerkus Godwin-Austen, 1912
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Montanobloyetia Verdcourt, 1961
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Morrumbalia Verdcourt, 1998
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Paragranularion Van Mol, 1970
-
Percivalia Preston, 1914
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Plicatonanina Verdcourt, 1961
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Principicochlea D. Holyoak & G. Holyoak, 2020
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Principitrochoidea D. Holyoak & G. Holyoak, 2020
-
Ptilototheca Herbert, 2016
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Rhopalogonium Degner, 1932
-
Selatodryas Herbert, 2017
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Senegalarion Van Mol, 1970
-
Sheldonia Ancey, 1887 - the type genus of the subfamily Sheldoniinae[2][12]
-
Sjostedtina Verdcourt, 1961
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Sylvarion Van Mol, 1970
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Thapsia Albers, 1860
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Thielarion Van Mol, 1970
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Thomithapsia D. Holyoak & G. Holyoak, 2020
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Thomitrochoidea D. Holyoak & G. Holyoak, 2020
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Tresia Van Goethem, 1975
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Trochonanina Mousson, 1869[2]
-
Trochozonites Pfeffer, 1883[2]
-
Tropidocochlion Verdcourt, 1998
-
Verdcourtia Van Mol, 1970
-
Verrucarion Van Mol, 1970 [13]
-
Zingis E. von Martens, 1878
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Zonitarion Pfeffer, 1883[2]
-
Ledoulxia Bourguignat, 1885:[2] synonym of Trochonanina Mousson, 1869
-
Peltatus Godwin-Austen, 1908:[2] synonym of Sheldonia Ancey, 1887
- Subfamily Urocyclinae
Tribe Dendrolimacini
-
Dendrolimax Heynemann, 1868 - the type genus of the tribe Dendrolimacini[2]
Tribe Leptichnini
-
Leptichnus Simroth, 1896 - the type genus of the tribe Leptichnini[2]
Tribe Upembellini
tribe Urocyclini
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Anisotoxon Van Goethem, 1975
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Atoxon Simroth, 1888[2]
-
Atoxonoides Van Goethem, 1973
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Atrichotoxon Simroth, 1910
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Buettneria Simroth, 1910[14]
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Bukobia Simroth, 1896
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Elisolimax Cockerell, 1893
-
Emphysetes Verdcourt, 2003
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Microcyclus Simroth, 1896
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Nupnus Van Goethem, 1975
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Pembatoxon Van Goethem, 1975
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Phaneroporus Simroth, 1888
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Polytoxon Simroth, 1897
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Pseudatoxon Van Goethem, 1975
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Tanzalimax Rowson, Paustian & Van Goethem, 2017
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Trichotoxon Simroth, 1888
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Udzungwalimax Rowson, Paustian & Van Goethem, 2017
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Urocyclus Gray, 1864 - the type genus of the family Urocyclidae[2]
Cladogram
The following cladogram shows the phylogenic relationship of this family to other families in the limacoid clade:[3]
limacoid clade Staffordioidea Staffordiidae
Dyakioidea Dyakiidae
Gastrodontoidea Pristilomatidae
Chronidae
Euconulidae
Trochomorphidae
Gastrodontidae
Oxychilidae
Parmacelloidea Trigonochlamydidae
Parmacellidae
Milacidae
Zonitoidea Zonitidae
Helicarionoidea Helicarionidae
Ariophantidae
Urocyclidae
Limacoidea Vitrinidae
Boettgerillidae
Limacidae
Agriolimacidae
References
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^ Simroth H. (1899). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Nacktschnecken". Nova Acta, Kaiserlich Leopoldinish-Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher (= Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum) 54(1): 1-91, plates 1-4. p. 62.
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
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^ a b Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379-390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.
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^ Herbert, Dai; Kilburn, Dick (2004). Field guide to the land snails and slugs of eastern south Africa (1st ed.). Pietermaritzburg :Natal Museum: Natal Museum. ISBN 0-620-32415-5.
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^ a b c d Van Goethem J. (1977). "Révision systématique des Urocyclinae (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Urocyclidae)". Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale , Annales, Sciences zoologiques 218: 355 pp., 4 plates.
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^ Connolly (1925). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)15: 467.
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^ Godwin-Austen H. H. (1912). "A review of South-African Land-Mollusca belonging to the Family Zonitidae". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)9: 122-139. Plate 1-7. p. 124.
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^ Connolly (1912). Annals of the South African Museum 11(3): 101.
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^ Iredale (1914). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 11(2): 122.
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^ Pilsbry H. A. (1919). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 40: 245.
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^ a b Van Mol J. J. (1970). "Révision des Urocyclidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Anatomie - systématique - zoogéographie". Annales Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques 180: 1-231.
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^ Herbert D. G. (2004). Sheldonia puzeyi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
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^ de Winter A. J. (1987). "Verrucarion demeryi, a new semi-slug from Sierra Leone (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Urocyclidae)". Basteria 51(4-6): 87-93. abstract.
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^ Simroth H. (1910). In: Voeltzkow Reise O.-Afr., Wiss. Ergebn. 2(5): 611.
