Simpsonichthys is a genus of killifish from the family Rivulidae the species of which are endemic to temporary freshwater habitats like ponds in the upper Paraná, upper Araguaia, upper Jequitinhonha and São Francisco basins on the central Brazilian Plateau.[1] They are small annual killifish that reach up to 5.5 cm (2.2 in) in standard length.[2][3]
Species
As delineated by Fishbase the following species are included within the genus Simpsonichthys:
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Simpsonichthys alternatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1994)
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Simpsonichthys boitonei A. L. de Carvalho, 1959 (Lyrefin pearlfish)
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Simpsonichthys bokermanni (Carvalho, da & Cruz, 1987)
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Simpsonichthys cholopteryx W. J. E. M. Costa, C. L. R. Moreira & F. C. T. Lima, 2003
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Simpsonichthys constanciae (G. S. Myers), 1942 (Featherfin pearlfish)
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Simpsonichthys delucai Costa, 2003
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Simpsonichthys espinhacensis Nielsen, Pessali & Dutra, 2017[4]
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Simpsonichthys fasciatus Costa & Brasil, 2006
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Simpsonichthys gibberatus Costa & Brasil, 2006
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Simpsonichthys margaritatus Costa, 2012
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Simpsonichthys marginatus Costa & Brasil, 1996
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Simpsonichthys multiradiatus Costa & Brasil, 1994
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Simpsonichthys nielseni Costa, 2005
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Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus Costa, 2007
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Simpsonichthys ocellatus Costa, Nielsen & de Luca 2001
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Simpsonichthys parallelus Costa, 2000
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Simpsonichthys perpendicularis Costa, Nielsen, de & Luca, 2001
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Simpsonichthys punctulatus Costa & Brasil, 2007
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Simpsonichthys rosaceus Costa, Nielsen, de & Luca, 2001
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Simpsonichthys rufus Costa, Nielsen, de & Luca, 2001
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Simpsonichthys santanae (Shibatta & Garavello, 1992)
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Simpsonichthys similis Costa & Hellner, 1999
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Simpsonichthys stellatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)
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Simpsonichthys suzarti Costa, 2004
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Simpsonichthys trilineatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)
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Simpsonichthys virgulatus (Costa & Brasil, 2006)
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Simpsonichthys zonatus (Costa & Brasil, 1990)
Simpsonichthys sensu lato was formerly one of the larger genera in the family, but four former subgenera were elevated to full genera in 2010: Hypsolebias, Ophthalmolebias, Spectrolebias and Xenurolebias.[5] Some uncertainty remains, with one genetic study supporting them,[6] while another genetic study indicates that Simpsonichthys (sensu stricto), Hypsolebias and Spectrolebias are not monophyletic.[7]
With these as separate genera, there are currently 9 recognized species in Simpsonichthys:[1][2]
- Simpsonichthys boitonei
- Simpsonichthys cholopteryx
- Simpsonichthys espinhacensis
- Simpsonichthys margaritatus
- Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus
- Simpsonichthys parallelus
- Simpsonichthys punctulatus
- Simpsonichthys santanae
- Simpsonichthys zonatus
The name of this genus is a compound of the name of a friend of Antenor Leitão de Carvalho's, Charles J. Simpson of San Francisco, and the Greek for fish, ichthys.[8]
References
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^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Simpsonichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
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^ a b Loureiro, M.; R. De Sá; S.W. Serra; F. Alonso; L.E.K. Lanés; M.V. Volcan; P. Calviño; D. Nielsen; A. Duarte; G. Garcia (2018). "Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998". Neotropical Ichthyology. 16 (3): e180007. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20180007.
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^ Berois, N.; G. García; R.O. de Sá, eds. (2015). Annual Fishes: Life History Strategy, Diversity, and Evolution. CRC Press. p. 24. ISBN 9781482299717.
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^ Dalton Tavares Bressane Nielsen; Tiago C. Pessali & Guilherme Dutra (2017). "A new annual fish of the genus Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil". Zootaxa. 4263 (1): 165–172. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4263.1.8. PMID 28609886. Abstract
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^ Costa, W.J.E.M. (2010). "Historical biogeography of cynolebiasine annual killifishes inferred from dispersal–vicariance analysis". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (10): no. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02339.x. S2CID 86190659.
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^ Costa, W.J.E.M.; P.F. Amorim; J.L.O. Mattos; A.L. Alves (2017). "Molecular phylogeny and timing of diversification in South American Cynolebiini seasonal killifishes". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 116: 61–68. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.020. PMID 28754241.
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^ Ponzetto, J.M.; R. Britzke; D.T.B. Nielsen; P.P. Parise-Maltempi; A.L. Alves (2016). "Phylogenetic relationships of Simpsonichthys subgenera (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), including a proposal for a new genus". Zoologica Scripta. 45 (4): 394–406. doi:10.1111/zsc.12159. S2CID 86027315.
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^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (5 September 2019). "Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES: Family RIVULIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
