dcsimg
Image of rough keyhole limpet
Creatures » » Animal » » Molluscs » Snails »

Keyhole Limpets

Fissurellidae J. Fleming 1822

Schlitzschnecken ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Die Schlitzschnecken, Lochschnecken, Schlitznapfschnecken oder Lochnapfschnecken (Fissurellidae) sind eine Familie meeresbewohnender Schnecken, die weltweit in kalten bis warmen Meeren vorkommen. Als Weidegänger leben sie von Algen oder sessilen Tieren.

Merkmale

Die Schlitzschnecken haben eine flache konische Schale, die äußerlich an die Schale der nicht nahe verwandten Napfschnecken erinnert, jedoch sind sie von diesen deutlich durch das Loch zu unterscheiden, das sich an der Spitze, etwas davor oder auch als Schlitz am Vorderende des Schneckenhauses befindet. Die Schalen haben radiär von der Spitze zum Rand verlaufende Rippen und konzentrisch verlaufende Linien, was den Schalen eine netzartige Skulpturierung verleiht. Je nach Art schwankt die Gehäuselänge des ausgewachsenen Tieres zwischen 3 mm und 13 cm. Die größte Art ist die in Kalifornien lebende Megathura crenulata. Ein Operculum fehlt.

Das Atemwasser tritt unter dem Gehäuserand beim Kopf in die Mantelhöhle ein, strömt durch ein Paar Kiemen und wird durch das im Gehäuse befindliche Loch nach außen geleitet. Die Schnecken besitzen einen breiten, flachen Fuß, mit dem sie sich gleich einer Napfschnecke am felsigen Untergrund festsaugen und so der Brandung gut widerstehen können. Der Mantel breitet sich bei manchen Arten mehr oder weniger über den Gehäuserand aus, bei der größten Art, der in Kalifornien lebenden Megathura crenulata, in Gänze. Die Schnecken haben am zwischen Fuß und Mantel gelegenen Epipodium zahlreiche tentakelartige Fortsätze.

Die Schlitzschnecken besitzen eine Niere, die wie bei den Kreiselschnecken und den Napfschnecken auf die rechte Nierenanlage zurückgeht, anders als bei den Caenogastropoden, die auch nur eine Niere haben, die sich aber aus der linken Nierenanlage entwickelt. Dies wird mit einer sekundär erlangten Bilateralsymmetrie dieser Schnecken in Zusammenhang gebracht.[1]

Lebensweise

Die Schlitzschnecken leben auf und unter Felsen in unteren Bereichen der Gezeitenzone und in tieferen Gewässern, wo sie sich fest an das harte Substrat saugen können und den Aufwuchs mit ihrer Radula abweiden. Die meisten Schlitzschnecken sind Pflanzenfresser und ernähren sich von Algen und Detritus. Andere Arten, insbesondere in den Gattungen Diodora und Emarginella, leben als Fleischfresser von Schwämmen. Einige Schnecken der Gattung Puncturella fressen Kieselalgen und Detritus, während Puncturella aethiopica vor allem von Foraminiferen lebt.

In der Nordsee ist die Familie durch die Arten Diodora graeca und Emarginula fissura vertreten.

Systematik

Die Familie Fissurellidae ist nach Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) die einzige Familie in der Überfamilie Fissurelloidea. Sie unterteilen die Familie in drei Unterfamilien:

  • Familie Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822
    • Unterfamilie Fissurellinae Fleming, 1822
    • Unterfamilie Emarginulinae Children, 1834
      • Tribus Emarginulini Children, 1834 - Synonyme: Rimulidae, Anton, 1838; Zeidoridae Naef, 1913; Clypidinidae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989
      • Tribus Diodorini Odhner, 1932
      • Tribus Fissurellideini Pilsbry, 1890
      • Tribus Scutini Christiaens, 1973
    • Unterfamilie Hemitominae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

Bouchet und Rocroi stützen sich dabei auf Studien von Keen in Moore (1960) und Christiaens (1973).[2] and McMean (1984).[3] Laut Aktipis, Boehm und Giribet (2011) steht der Tribus Diodorini der Status einer eigenen Unterfamilie Diodorinae zu.[4]

Nach der klassischen Systematik wurden die Schlitzschnecken zur Ordnung der Altschnecken (Archaeogastropoda) gerechnet.

Literatur

  • Peter Hayward, John S. Ryland: Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995. 816 Seiten. S. 501: Fissurellidae.
  • Arthur William Baden Powell: New Zealand Mollusca. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland (New Zealand) 1979, ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005

Einzelnachweise

  1. C. M. Yonge (1947): The Pallial Organs in the Aspidobranch Gastropoda and their Evolution throughout the Mollusca. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) 232 (591), S. 443–518.
  2. J. Christiaens: Les fissurelles européennes. In: Informations de la Société belge de malacologie. 2, Nr. 1, 1973, S. 3–16.
  3. J.H. McLean: Shell reduction and loss in fissurellids : a review of genera and species in the Fissurellidea group. In: American Malacological Bulletin. 2, 1984, S. 21–34.
  4. S.W. Aktipis, E. Boehm, G. Giribet (2011): Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 40, S. 238–259.
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Schlitzschnecken: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Die Schlitzschnecken, Lochschnecken, Schlitznapfschnecken oder Lochnapfschnecken (Fissurellidae) sind eine Familie meeresbewohnender Schnecken, die weltweit in kalten bis warmen Meeren vorkommen. Als Weidegänger leben sie von Algen oder sessilen Tieren.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Fissurellidae

provided by wikipedia EN

Fissurellidae, common name the keyhole limpets and slit limpets, is a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda.[2][3] Their common name derives from the small hole in the apex of their cone-like shells. Although superficially resembling "true" limpets, they are in fact not closely related to them.

Distribution

The distribution of fissurellids is worldwide, from cold waters to tropical waters.[4]

Habitat

Fissurellids live in habitats on and under rocks in the lower intertidal zones to deeper waters.[4]

Shell description

A fossil shell of Diodora italica from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Keyhole limpets somewhat resemble true limpets because of the simple conical shape of their shells, but in reality they are not closely related to true limpets, which are in the clade Patellogastropoda. This conical shape of the shell allows keyhole limpets to withstand wave attack on exposed rocks. The shell has a reticulate (= net-like) structure with strong radial ribs and lacks an operculum. The shell ranges from 3 mm to 13.2 cm. The great keyhole limpet (Megathura crenulata) measures up to 13.2 cm.

For respiration, the shells of fissurellids have a single apical or subapical perforation ("keyhole"). This opening at the top allows a direct exit of exhalant water currents together with waste products from the mantle cavity. The water enters under the edge of the shell near the head and passes over large paired gills. Most young species in this family have a marginal slit in the middle of the anterior end of the spiral shell. Some species possess just a short internal groove at the anterior end. The paired organs in the mantle cavity represent a primitive condition in gastropods.

The soft body consists of a well-developed head, a short muzzle. It has a broad and flat foot and a well-developed mantle. This foot exerts a strong suction, adhering the keyhole limpet to its hard substratum. The mantle extends in some species partly or completely (as in Megathura crenulata) over the shell. The tentacles at the epipodium (the lateral grooves between foot and mantle) are well developed. The species in Medusafissurella have numerous subequal tentacles at the propodium, while the species in Dendrofissurella have an outgrowth with main trunk and side branches at the propodium. The eyes are situated on rudimentary pedicels at their outer bases. The sides are ornamented with short cirri. There are two, symmetrical branchial plumes . The anal siphon occupies the anterior notch or perforated summit of the shell.[5]

In addition to the possession of this hole, slit or groove, keyhole limpets differ in several other ways both internally and externally from true limpets.

Feeding habits

Keyhole limpets are in essence herbivorous, feeding primarily on algae, but are also detritus feeders. A few species in the genera Diodora and Emarginella are carnivorous, feeding on sponges. Puncturella has been reported to digest diatoms and detritus. Puncturella aethiopica feeds mainly on Foraminifera.[6]

Taxonomy

Family Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822

This classification was based by Bouchet & Rocroi on the studies by Keen (in Moore) (1960), Christiaens (1973) [7] and McMean (1984).[8]

Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011) then raised the tribe Diodorini to the status of subfamily Diodorinae.[9]

Genera

Genera within the family Fissurellidae include:[10][11]

Genera brought into synonymy
  • Austroglyphis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of Diodora Gray, 1821
  • Aviscutum Iredale, 1940: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Capiluna Gray, 1857: synonym of Diodora Gray, 1821
  • Cemoria Risso, 1826 [ex Leach MS]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Cremoria [Gray, 1842]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Elegidion Iredale, 1924: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Emarginella Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Entomella Cotton, 1945: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Fissuridea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Glyphis Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Legrandia Beddome, 1883: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
  • Megatebennus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1839
  • Nannoscutum Iredale, 1937: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Nesta H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
  • Notomella Cotton, 1957: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Parmophoridea Wenz, 1938: synonym of Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
  • Parmophorus Blainville, 1817: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Plagiorhytis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Montfortula Iredale, 1915
  • Scutum P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Semperia Crosse, 1867: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Sipho T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Siphonella Issel, 1869: synonym of Montfortista Iredale, 1929
  • Subemarginula Gray, 1847: synonym of Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
  • Subzeidora Iredale, 1924: synonym of Emarginula (Subzeidora) Iredale, 1924
  • Tugalia Gray, 1857: synonym of Tugali Gray, 1843
  • Vacerra Iredale, 1924: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Zidora P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

See also

References

General references

Inline citations

  1. ^ Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. (2008). Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  2. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2012). Fissurellidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=111 on 2013-01-02
  3. ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2).
  4. ^ a b Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  5. ^ Tryon G. W. 1873. American marine conchology: or, Descriptions of the shells of the Atlantic coast of the United States from Maine to Florida
  6. ^ Herbert, David G. (1991). "Foraminiferivory in a Puncturella (Gastropoda, Fissurellidae)". J. Molluscan Stud. 57 (1): 127–140. doi:10.1093/mollus/57.1.127.
  7. ^ J. Christiaens (1973). "Les fissurelles européennes". Informations de la Société Belge de Malacologie. 2 (1): 3–16.
  8. ^ J.H. McLean (1984). "Shell reduction and loss in fissurellids : a review of genera and species in the Fissurellidea group". American Malacological Bulletin. 2: 21–34.
  9. ^ Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011) Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 40: 238-259
  10. ^ "Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets)". Archived from the original on 2010-03-27. Retrieved 2007-01-21.
  11. ^ "ITIS". Archived from the original on 2008-10-20. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
  12. ^ Palmer, KatherineV.W. (1942). "Substitutes for Moluccan homonyms". Journal of Paleontology. 16 (5): 674.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Fissurellidae: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Fissurellidae, common name the keyhole limpets and slit limpets, is a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda. Their common name derives from the small hole in the apex of their cone-like shells. Although superficially resembling "true" limpets, they are in fact not closely related to them.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Fissurellidae ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Les Fissurellidae (ou Fissurelles) sont une famille de gastéropodes de l'ordre des Archaeogastropoda, créée par John Fleming (1785-1857) en 1822.

Biologie

Ces mollusques aquatiques marins sont très fragiles ; C'est parce qu'on ne pouvait les maintenir en vie en aquarium plus de quelques jours que le biologiste marin Louis Boutan, qui voulait étudier de manière détaillée l'une des espèces méditerranéennes de fissurelle (Diodora italica) a décidé au Laboratoire Arago de Banyuls-sur-Mer à la fin du XIXe siècle d'inventer la photographie subaquatique, afin d'observer et documenter la biologie de cet organismes (et d'autres) directement in situ, dans leur environnement marin naturel.

Liste des genres

Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 octobre 2014)[2] :

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Fissurellidae: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Les Fissurellidae (ou Fissurelles) sont une famille de gastéropodes de l'ordre des Archaeogastropoda, créée par John Fleming (1785-1857) en 1822.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Fissurellidae ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Fissurellidae J. Fleming, 1822 è una famiglia di molluschi gasteropodi della sottoclasse Vetigastropoda.[1] È l'unica famiglia della superfamiglia Fissurelloidea.[2]

Descrizione

La famiglia Fissurellidae è formata da gasteropodi a forma di patella che possiedono comunemente un buco, una fessura o una tacca nel loro guscio simmetrico bilaterale. La famiglia mostra un lungo reperto fossile a partire dal Triassico. Le classificazioni secondarie delle Fissurellidae sono variate nel tempo, con studi che enfatizzano diversi caratteri morfologici. I membri delle Diodorinae e delle Fissurellinae possono essere differenziati dai caratteri radiali e dalla presenza di un orifizio centrale delimitato da un callo troncato posteriormente nelle Diodorinae e dalla presenza di un callo arrotondato sul lato inferiore della conchiglia che circonda l'orifizio anale nella Fissurellinae .[3]

La conchiglia ha una scultura reticolare con forti nervature radiali e manca di un opercolo.[4]. Hanno un grande piede muscolare di dimensioni variabili, che può essere in alcuni casi maggiore di quello del guscio. Questo piede esercita una forte aspirazione, facendo aderire i fissurelidi al substrato roccioso intertidale su cui si trovano abitualmente.[5]

Tassonomia

La famiglia Fissurellidae comprende 5 sottofamiglie e 39 generi, per un totale di circa 600 specie:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Fissurellidae, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 6 luglio 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Fissurelloidea, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 6 luglio 2020.
  3. ^ Bruno Dell’Angelo, Maurizio Sosso, Olga Anistratenko, e Vitaliy Anistratenko, Limpet-shaped gastropods of the genus Diodora (Vetigastropoda: Fissurellidae) from the Middle Miocene of Western Ukraine, in Acta Geologica Polonica, vol. 67, n. 2, 2017, p. 235–247, DOI:10.1515/agp-2017-0012. URL consultato il 25 luglio 2020.
  4. ^ Claus Hedegaard, Op. citata, pag. 370.
  5. ^ Juan Carlos Cerros-Cornelio et al., Composición de la familia Fissurellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) en el intermareal rocoso de las regiones marinas prioritarias en Guerrero, México (PDF), in CienciaUAT, vol. 12, n. 1, 2017.

Bibliografia

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Fissurellidae: Brief Summary ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Fissurellidae J. Fleming, 1822 è una famiglia di molluschi gasteropodi della sottoclasse Vetigastropoda. È l'unica famiglia della superfamiglia Fissurelloidea.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Gathorens ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Gathorens[1] (Fissurellidae) zijn een familie van weekdieren die behoren tot de klasse der Gastropoda (buikpotigen of slakken). Het is een zeer grote familie van slakken die vrijwel wereldwijd voorkomt. De groep werd door de Schot John Fleming (1785-1857) in 1822 benoemd.

Kenmerken

Ze hebben hun naam te danken aan een kleine opening aan de top van de geribbelde, kegelvormige schelp, die dient voor de excretie, echter niet alle gevonden soorten hebben deze opening, de openingen zijn pas bij volwassen dieren "open".

De losse eieren zijn overdekt met een gelatineuze huid.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

De vele honderden soorten zijn alle herbivoor en leven in ondiep, warm water. De grootste soort is Megathura crenulata (Sowerby, 1825), ook bekend als de Californische reuzengathoren. Deze soort kan tot 12 cm lang worden en komt voor aan de kust van Californië. In de Europese zeeën leven ongeveer 22 soorten, onderverdeeld in vier geslachten.

Genera en soorten

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. Grzimek, Bernhard, Het leven der dieren deel V:Vissen (II) en amfibieën, Kindler Verlag AG, 1971, Pagina 62. ISBN 90 274 8625 5.
Bronnen
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Gathorens: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Gathorens (Fissurellidae) zijn een familie van weekdieren die behoren tot de klasse der Gastropoda (buikpotigen of slakken). Het is een zeer grote familie van slakken die vrijwel wereldwijd voorkomt. De groep werd door de Schot John Fleming (1785-1857) in 1822 benoemd.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

裂螺科 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
注意:本页面含有Unihan新版用字:「䗩 ;」。有关字符可能會错误显示,詳见Unicode扩展汉字
Confusion grey.svg 提示:本条目的主题不是透螺科

裂螺總科(學名:Fissurelloidea Fleming, 1822,亦作裂裙螺總科透孔螺總科),其下只有裂螺科(學名:Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822[2],亦作裂裙螺科钥孔䗩科[3][4][5]:18透孔螺科[6]),是古腹足類支序之下的一個海洋腹足纲软体动物[7][8]。本總科的物種因其錐狀螺殼螺尖上有一個小孔,是海螺的一個特化體。由於整個螺殼的外形就像一條裂開了一條縫的裙擺那樣,所以被稱為裂裙螺

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》基本上包括了各種笠螺,覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種。

分佈

本科物種的分佈是世界性的,從冰冷的寒帶到熱帶都有其物種存在[9]

習性

本科物種一般居住在潮間帶下部深水區的岩面或岩底[9]

分類

本科的屬一般可以按四個不同的亞科來分類,分別如下[10][7]

但由於現時基於分子分類學的文獻不斷更新,現時普遍不區分亞科現詳列全部的屬。以下為現時屬於本科的屬[13][10][14][15]

異名:
  • Austroglyphis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Aviscutum Iredale, 1940: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Capiluna Gray, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Cemoria Risso, 1826 [ex Leach MS]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Cremoria [Gray, 1842]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Elegidion Iredale, 1924: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • 邊罅螺屬 Emarginella Pilsbry, 1890[14]: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Entomella Cotton, 1945: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Fissuridea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Glyphis Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Legrandia Beddome, 1883: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
  • Megatebennus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1839
  • Nannoscutum Iredale, 1937: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Nesta H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
  • Notomella Cotton, 1957: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Parmophoridea Wenz, 1938: synonym of Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
  • Parmophorus Blainville, 1817: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Plagiorhytis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Montfortula Iredale, 1915
  • Scutum P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
  • Semperia Crosse, 1867: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
  • Sipho T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Siphonella Issel, 1869: synonym of Montfortista Iredale, 1929
  • Subemarginula Gray, 1847: synonym of Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
  • Subzeidora Iredale, 1924: synonym of Emarginula (Subzeidora) Iredale, 1924
  • Tugalia Gray, 1857: synonym of Tugali Gray, 1843
  • Vacerra Iredale, 1924: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
  • Zidora P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

參考文獻

  1. ^ Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5.
  2. ^ Fissurelloidea. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (英语).
  3. ^ 潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 (中文(简体)‎).
  4. ^ 呂端華. 中國近海鑰孔䗩科的初步研究. 《中國貝類學會貝類學論文集1. 1983: 208–209.
  5. ^ 齊鍾彥等 (编). 黃渤海的軟體動物. 農業出版社. 1989: 18 (中文(简体)‎).
  6. ^ 国际贝库:钥孔透孔螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11] (中文(繁體)‎).
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Rosenberg, Gary. Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. World Register of Marine Species. [2017-03-03].
  8. ^ Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P., 编. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (英语).
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] (中文(繁體)‎).
  12. ^ WoRMS. Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835. World Register of Marine Species. [2017-03-03].
  13. ^ Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets).
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Fissurellidae 裂螺科. TaiBIF. [2017-03-02] (中文(繁體)‎).
  15. ^ Suzanne T. Williams. Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. Zoologica Scripta. 2012-11-01, 41 (6): 571–595 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00552.x (英语).

引用错误:在标签中name属性为“Geiger 2005”的参考文献没有在文中使用
引用错误:在标签中name属性为“Hayward 1996”的参考文献没有在文中使用

引用错误:在标签中name属性为“Herbert 1991”的参考文献没有在文中使用
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

裂螺科: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
注意:本页面含有Unihan新版用字:「䗩 ;」。有关字符可能會错误显示,詳见Unicode扩展汉字Confusion grey.svg 提示:本条目的主题不是透螺科

裂螺總科(學名:Fissurelloidea Fleming, 1822,亦作裂裙螺總科或透孔螺總科),其下只有裂螺科(學名:Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822,亦作裂裙螺科、钥孔䗩科:18或透孔螺科),是古腹足類支序之下的一個海洋腹足纲软体动物。本總科的物種因其錐狀螺殼螺尖上有一個小孔,是海螺的一個特化體。由於整個螺殼的外形就像一條裂開了一條縫的裙擺那樣,所以被稱為裂裙螺。

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》基本上包括了各種笠螺,覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

구멍삿갓조개 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

구멍삿갓조개구멍삿갓조개과에 속하는 조개류의 총칭이다. 바닷가에 있는 조개다. 껍데기의 가운데에 구멍이 뚫려 있는 삿갓조개는 '구멍삿갓조개'라 부른다. 구멍삿갓조개는 바위에 붙어 있는 힘이 대단하다. 빨판을 이용해서 바위에 세게 붙어 있기 때문에 손으로 떼어 내기 힘들다. 구멍삿갓조개를 바위에서 떼어 내려면 처럼 납작한 것으로 붙어 있는 부분을 도려 내야 한다. 입의 힘이 센 물고기들은 바위에 붙은 구멍삿갓조개를 떼어 내어 먹기도 한다.

구멍삿갓조개과에 속하는 속은 다음과 같다.[1][2]:

  • Amblychilepas, Pilsbry, 1890
  • Buchanania, Lesson, 1830
  • Cosmetalepas, Iredale, 1924
  • Clypidina, Gray, 1847
  • Dendrofissurella, Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
  • Diodora, J. E. Gray, 1821
  • Emarginella, Pilsbry, 1890
  • Emarginula, Lamarck, 1801
  • Fissurisepta, Seguenza, 1863
    • Fissurisepta festiva, Crozier, 1966
    • Fissurisepta manawatawhia, Powell, 1937
  • Fissurella, Bruguière, 1789
  • Hemitoma, Swainson, 1840
  • Incisura, Hedley, 1904
    • Incisura lytteltonensis, E. A. Smith, 1894
  • Laeviemarginula, Habe In Kuroda, 1953
  • Laevinesta, Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
  • Leurolepas, J. H. McLean, 1970
  • Lucapina, G. B. Sowerby II, 1835
  • Lucapinella, Pilsbry, 1890
  • Macrochisma, Sowerby, 1839
  • Medusafissurella, Mclean & Kilburn, 1986
  • Megatebennus, Pilsbry, 1890
  • Megathura, Pilsbry, 1890
  • Monodilepas, Finlay, 1927
    • Monodilepas diemenensis, Finlay, 1930
    • Monodilepas monilifera, (Hutton, 1873)
    • Monodilepas monilifera carnleyensis, Powell, 1955
    • Monodilepas monilifera cookiana, Dell, 1953
    • Monodilepas otagoensis, Finlay, 1930
    • Monodilepas skinneri, Finlay, 1928
  • Montfortula, Iredale, 1915
    • Montfortula rugosa, (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
  • Montfortulana, Habe, 1961
  • Nesta, H. Adams, 1870
  • Notomella, Cotton, 1957
  • Puncturella, R. T. Lowe, 1827
  • Pupilaea, Gray In Sowerby, 1835
  • Rimula, DeFrance, 1827
  • 장수삿갓조개속 (Scelidotoma), Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
  • Scutus, Montfort, 1810
  • Tugali, Gray in Dieffenbach, 1843
  • Vacerrena, Iredale, 1958
  • Zeidora, A. Adams, 1860
    • Zeidora maoria, Powell, 1937

각주

  1. “Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets)”. 2010년 3월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 7월 16일에 확인함.
  2. “ITIS”. 2008년 10월 20일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2007년 11월 2일에 확인함.
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자