dcsimg

Behavior

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Habitat

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Lake trout are a cold-water species requiring relatively high concentrations of dissolved oxygen for survival (Ryan, 1994).

Lake trout are the only major native sport fish adapted to the deep, cold water of oligotrophic (low-nutrient) lakes, such as those often found in northern Canada and the northern Great Lakes region (Shuter, 1998)

At the southern range of the species, lake trout require deep water refugia, where preferred temperature ranges and oxygen levels exist. Although most often found in lakes, lake trout may inhabit large river systems that have the neccessary habitat characteristics.

Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
41.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
12.0 years.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Distribution

provided by Animal Diversity Web

The native range of the lake trout (also known as lakers, tongue trout, mackinaw trout and mountain trout) includes the cold water regions of northern Canada, Alaska, the Great Lakes and parts of New England. The species has been widely introduced outside its native range in many parts of the western United States and in other areas, including New Zealand, South America and Sweden (Page, 1991).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Introduced ); neotropical (Introduced ); australian (Introduced )

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy

provided by Animal Diversity Web

As juveniles, lake trout feed on zooplankton and small invertebrates. As they mature, their foraging patterns shift and the fish become opportunistic piscivores.

As adults, lake trout are generally pisciverous, feeding on a wide variety of pelagic prey species. In the Great Lakes region, alewives, smelt, sculpin and chubs make up a large portion of the lake trout diet (Wisconsin Sea Grant, 1999).

Due to the cold water and dissolved oxygen content requirements of the species, lake trout which persist in the southern edge of their range must move to deeper water areas in the warmer summer months. If preffered prey species are not present at these depths, lake trout may then resort to feeding on zooplankton and invertebrates. In habitats that support no pelagic prey species, lake trout must subsist entirely on these secondary food sources. These dietary conditions often produce a leaner trout which grows more slowly and reaches sexual maturity earlier (Vander Zanden, 1999)

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Morphology

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Lake trout possess a deeply forked caudal fin and a slate grey to greenish body with lighter undersides. Cream to yellow spots are generally present on the head, body and dorsal and caudal fins. The lower fins tend to be orange-red with a narrow white edge. Younger fish will have seven to twelve interrupted parr marks along their sides (Page, 1991). The species supports nine to twelve gill rakers and unlike their cousin the brook trout, -Salvelinus fontinalis-, lake trout do not have a black stripe on the anterior edge of their anal and pelvic fins (Wisconsin Sea Grant, 1999). Breeding males develop a dark, lateral stripe on their sides (Page, 1991).

Although an average weight of around 3kg is reported for this species, much larger fish are encountered, some weighing in excess of 27kg. These larger trout are thought to have lived for twenty years or more (Trout Angler's Society, 1999). Lake trout average 45 to 68cm in length, with unusual specimens reaching 126cm (Page, 1991).

Lake trout are known to hybridize with brook trout where the range of the two species overlap. The resulting hybrid, known as a splake, supports intermediate features.

Range mass: 0 to 0 kg.

Average mass: 3 kg.

Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Although once an important commercial fish stock, lake trout levels in the Great Lakes dropped sharply during the 1950's. Lake trout are still highly valued as a sport fish and anglers who seek this species contribute to the regional economy of areas with fishable populations through the purchase of fishing licenses.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status

provided by Animal Diversity Web

The commercial lake trout fishery in Lake Superior alone supported an annual commercial harvest of 2 million kg from 1920 to 1950. Overfishing and predation by the non-native sea lamprey, -Petromyzon marinus-, led to a sharp decline in the commercial take in the 1950's. Continued stocking since 1952, chemical control of the sea lamprey and the closing of the commercial fishery in the early 1960's has stabilized the population, but has not acheived the goal of restoring self-sustaining stocks that can support an annual harvest comparable to that of the 1930's and early 1940's. (Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 1996).

Success of the stocked fish has varied depending on the area. Due to this and other factors, the restoration plan for Lake Superior has changed from a program that concentrated heavily on stocking to a program that emphasized management of wild lake trout populations.

Continued mangement of the sea lamprey, stringent fishing controls and better survival of stocked fish will be key components of future restoration plans. (Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 1996).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Lake trout are a slow-growing, late-maturing species with generally low reproductive potential (Shuter, 1998). Though long-lived, both males and females, on average, do not reach sexual maturity until six to eight years of age (Wisconsin Sea Grant, 1999). Research has indicated that environmental factors, such as lake size and dissolved solid concentrations, may play a role in the age of first maturity and overall repoductive success of the lake trout (Shuter, 1998).

Lake trout seek substrates of cobble, rubble or gravel in which to spawn. Males will fan the bottom clean of finer silt so that the fertilized eggs of the female can be deposited in the substrate. As a female enters a spawning area, several males engage in amplexus (clasping) with the female; in this way eggs and sperm are broadcast over the substrate. Spawning generally takes place in fall or early winter and most often at night (Moyle, 1976).

Because of the colder water habitats preferred by -S. namaycush-, fertilized eggs require a long time to hatch. Eggs overwinter for four to six months before hatching. The developing trout remain in the crevices of the spawing substrate until their yolk-sac is completely absorbed. These "fingerlings" then move into deeper waters in search of food, usually in the form of zooplankton.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
4745 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
4927 days.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lenart, S. 2001. "Salvelinus namaycush" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_namaycush.html
author
Stephen Lenart, Eastern Michigan University
editor
Cynthia Sims Parr, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Diagnostic Description

provided by Fishbase
Distinguished by its color, white or yellowish spots on a dark green to grayish background, its deeply forked tail and its numerous pyloric caeca. Lateral line slightly curved anteriorly; pelvic fins with small axillary process (Ref. 27547). Body typically trout-like, elongate, somewhat rounded. Head stout, broad dorsally; mouth large, terminal, snout usually protruding slightly beyond lower jaw when mouth is closed. Back and sides usually dark green liberally sprinkled with whitish to yellowish (never pink or red) spots; overall color varies from light green to gray, brown, dark green or nearly black; belly white; pale spots present on dorsal, adipose and caudal fins and usually on base of anal; sometimes orange-red on paired fins, especially in northern populations; anterior edge of paired and anal fins sometimes with a white border. At spawning time, males develop a dark lateral stripe and become paler on the back (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the unique dark brown head, body, dorsal and caudal fins, covered by small pale spots; differs also by its deeply forked caudal fin (Ref. 59043).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Rodolfo B. Reyes
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Diseases and Parasites

provided by Fishbase
Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Allan Palacio
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Life Cycle

provided by Fishbase
The spawning act occurs mostly at night, with peak activity between dusk and 9 or 10 pm (Ref. 28805, 28815). During the day the fish are more or less dispersed away from the spawning beds but return in considerable numbers in the late afternoon (Ref. 27547). Males reach spawning beds first and spend some time cleaning the rocks. Females arrive a few days later and are courted by the males. During and following courtship, the males attempt to spawn with the females. One or two males approach a female, press against her sides and quiver. The eggs fall into the crevices and the spawners disperse. The act is repeated until the female releases all her eggs (Ref. 1998, 27547). On occasion, as many as seven males and three females may engage in a mass spawning act (Ref. 28815). Spawning occurs annually in southern areas, every other year in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Terrritories, and only every other year in Great Bear and some other lakes of the arctic (Ref. 1153, 28802, 28860).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Morphology

provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 4 - 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Anal spines: 4 - 5; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 61 - 69
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Rodolfo B. Reyes
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Trophic Strategy

provided by Fishbase
Found in shallow and deep waters of northern lakes and streams and is restricted to relatively deep lakes in the southern part of its range (Ref. 5723). Rarely in brackish water (Ref. 11980). A solitary wanderer, the extent of their movements apparently limited by the size of the lake and individual (Ref. 27547). Although lake trout generally feed on a variety of organisms such as freshwater sponges, crustaceans, insects, fishes (with a preference for ciscoes), and small mammals, some populations feed on plankton throughout their lives (Ref. 27547). Such plankton-feeding lake trout grow more slowly, mature earlier and at smaller size, die sooner and attain smaller maximum size than do their fish-eating counterparts (Ref. 30351). Juveniles feed on invertebrates (Ref. 1998).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Pascualita Sa-a
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Biology

provided by Fishbase
Occurs in shallow and deep waters of northern lakes and streams and is restricted to relatively deep lakes in the southern part of its range (Ref. 5723, 86798). Rarely found in brackish water (Ref. 11980). A solitary wanderer, the extent of their movements apparently limited by the size of the lake and individual (Ref. 27547). Although lake trout generally feed on a variety of organisms such as freshwater sponges, crustaceans, insects, fishes (with a preference for ciscoes), and small mammals, some populations feed on plankton throughout their lives (Ref. 27547). Such plankton-feeding lake trout grow more slowly, mature earlier and at smaller size, die sooner and attain smaller maximum size than do their fish-eating counterparts (Ref. 30351). Lake trout are highly susceptible to pollution, especially from insecticides (Ref. 14019, 27547). Utilized as a food fish, its flesh is usually of a yellow or creamy color but may be anything from white to orange (Ref. 27547). Often caught by fishers (Ref. 30578).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Susan M. Luna
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Importance

provided by Fishbase
fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Susan M. Luna
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by IABIN
Chile Central
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Universidad de Santiago de Chile
author
Pablo Gutierrez
partner site
IABIN

Salvelinus namaycush ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Salvelinus namaycush és una espècie de peix de la família dels salmònids i de l'ordre dels salmoniformes.

Morfologia

Salvelinus namaycush

Els mascles poden assolir 150 cm de longitud total i 32,7 kg de pes.[4] Nombre de vèrtebres: 61-69.[5][6]

Alimentació

Menja esponges d'aigua dolça, crustacis, insectes, peixos (especialment del gènere Coregonus) i mamífers petits, tot i que n'hi ha poblacions que es nodreixen de plàncton.[7][5][8]

Depredadors

És depredat per Ameiurus nebulosus (al Canadà), Lota lota (Canadà), Prosopium cylindraceum, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis i Petromyzon marinus (als Estats Units).[9]

Hàbitat

Viu a zones d'aigües dolces temperades (65°N-43°S) i entre 18-53 m de fondària.[10][5]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Nord-amèrica:[11][12] des d'Alaska[7][13][14][15][16] i el nord del Canadà[17][18][19][20][21] fins a Nova Anglaterra i la conca dels Grans Llacs d'Amèrica del Nord[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] (Canadà-Estats Units), tot i que ha estat introduït a moltes altres zones fora del seu territori original.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][5]

Longevitat

Pot arribar a viure 50 anys.[45][46]

Estat de conservació

És molt susceptible a la contaminació, especialment als insecticides.[47][48]

Referències

  1. Richardson J. 1836. The Fish. A Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions, under the command of Sir John Franklin, R.N. Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3. i-xv + 1-327.
  2. Walbaum, J. J., 1792. Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Grypeswaldiae [Greifswald]. Artedi Piscium Pt. 3: (i-viii) + 1-723, Pls. 1-3
  3. «Salvelinus namaycush». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
  4. IGFA, 2001. Base de dades de registres de pesca IGFA fins al 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Estats Units
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 FishBase (anglès)
  6. Webster, D.A., W.A. Lund, Jr., R.W. Wahl i W.D. Youngs, 1960. Observed and calculated lengths of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Cayuga Lake, New York. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 89(3):274-279.
  7. 7,0 7,1 Morrow, J.E., 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p.
  8. Jude, D.J., F.J. Tesar, S.F. Deboe i T.J. Miller, 1987. Diet and selection of major prey species by Lake Michigan salmonids, 1973-1982. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 116(5):677-691.
  9. FishBase (anglès)
  10. Scott, W.B. i E.J. Crossman, 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184:1-966.
  11. Page, L.M. i B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 432 p.
  12. Jordan, D.S. i C.H. Gilbert, 1883. A synopsis of the fishes on North America. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 16:1-1018.
  13. Evermann, B.W. i E.L. Goldsborough, 1907. The fishes of Alaska. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 26: 219-360
  14. Burr, J.M., 1997. Growth, density, and biomass of lake trout in Arctic and Subarctic Alaska. p. 109-118. A J.B. Reynolds (ed.) Fish ecology in Arctic North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 119, 19-21 de maig de 1992, Fairbanks, Alaska, Estats Units
  15. Burr, J.M., 1993 Maturity of lake trout from eleven lakes in Alaska. Northwest Science 67:78-87.
  16. Burr, J.M., 1989 Stock assessment and biological characteristics of lake trout populations in interior Alaska, 1988 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Fishery Data Series 99, Juneau
  17. Nelson, J.S. i M.J. Paetz, 1992 The fishes of Alberta. The University of Alberta Press, Canadà
  18. McPhail, J.D. i C.C. Lindsey, 1970 Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 173:381 p.
  19. McAllister, D.E., 1990. A list of the fishes of Canada. Syllogeus Núm. 64. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ottawa, Canadà. 310 p.
  20. Martin, N.V., 1957. Reproduction of lake trout in Algonquin Park, Ontàrio. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 86:231-244.
  21. Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt i C.K. Minns, 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. Núm. 2554. 89p.
  22. Van Oosten, J. i P.H. Eschmeyer, 1956. Biology of young lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish. Serv. 42:88 p.
  23. Schram, S.T., J.H. Selgeby, C.R. Bronte i B.L. Swanson, 1995. Population recovery and natural recruitment of lake trout at Gull Island shoal, Lake Superior, 1964-1992. J. Great Lakes Res. 2, supp.1:225-232.
  24. Loftus, K.H., 1958. Studies on river-spawning populations of lake trout in eastern Lake Superior. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 87:259-277.
  25. Eschmeyer, P.H., 1955. The reproduction of lake trout in southern Lake Superior. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 84(1):47-74.
  26. Cable, L.E., 1956. Validity of age and determination from scales, and growth of marked Lake Michigan lake trout. Fish. Bull. 57(107):1-59.
  27. Burnham-Curtis, M.K. i G.R. Smith, 1994. Osteological evidence of genetic divergence of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior. Copeia (4):845-850.
  28. Auer, N.A., 1982. Family Salmonidae, trouts. p. 80-145. A N.A. Auer (ed.) Identification of larval fishes of the Great Lakes basin with emphasis on the Lake Michigan drainage. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Special Publ. 82-3, 744 p.
  29. Wittenberg, R. (ed.)., 2005. An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland. CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre report to the Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape. The environment in practice núm. 0629. Federal Office for the Environment, Berna, Suïssa. 155 pp.
  30. Welcomme, R.L., 1988. International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p.
  31. Vigliano, P.H. i G. Darrigran, 2002. Argentina's Freshwater Systems, Aliens in Wonderland p. 25-44, a Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species.
  32. Spillman, C.-J., 1961. Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles, volum 65. [París]. 303 p.
  33. Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts i P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series Núm. 19. xiv+279 p.
  34. Muus, B.J. i P. Dahlström, 1974. Collins guide to the sea fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe. Collins, Londres (Regne Unit). 244 p.
  35. McDowall, R.M., 1990. New Zealand freshwater fishes: a natural history and guide. Hinemann Reed Auckland. 553 p.
  36. McDowall, R.M., 1984. Exotic fishes: The New Zealand experience. p. 200-214. A W.R. Courtenay, Jr. i J.R. Stauffer (eds.) Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Estats Units.
  37. Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno i T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tòquio, Japó. 437 p.
  38. Maitland, P.S., 2004. Keys to the freshwater fish of Great Britain and Ireland with notes on their distribution and ecology. Scientific Publication Núm. 62, Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, Cumbria. 248 pp.
  39. Keith, P. i J. Allardi (coords.), 2001. Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, París. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387.
  40. Holcík, J., 1991. Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23.
  41. Hanel, L., 2003. The ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: development and present state. Matthias Belivs Univ. Proc. 3(1): 41-71.
  42. Delachaux, M., 1901. L'acclimatation et l'élevage de l'omble chevalier américain dans un lac des Alpes. Bull. Soc. cent. Aquic. Pêche, 13:41-54.
  43. Chiba, K., Y. Taki, K. Sakai i Y. Oozeki, 1989. Present status of aquatic organisms introduced into Japan. p. 63-70. A S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Spec. Publ. Asian Fish. Soc. 3, 154 p.
  44. Chadderton, W.L., N. Grainger i T. Dean, 2003. Appendix 1 - Prioritising control of invasive freshwater fish. p. 171-174. A Department of Conservation. Managing invasive freshwater fish in New Zealand. Proceedings of a workshop hosted by Department of Conservation, 10-12 de maig de 2001, Hamilton. xiv + 174 p.
  45. Power, G., 1978. Fish population structure in Arctic lakes. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:53-59.
  46. Beverton, R.J.H. i S.J. Holt, 1959. A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics. p. 142-180. A G.E.W. Wolstenholme i M. O'Connor (eds.) CIBA Foundation colloquia on ageing: the lifespan of animals. volum 5. J & A Churchill Ltd, Londres
  47. Burdick, G.E., E.J. Harris, H.J. Dean, T.M. Walker, J. Skea i D. Colby, 1964. The accumulation of DDT in lake trout and the effect on reproduction. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93(2):127-136.
  48. Morrow, J.E., 1980

Bibliografia

Crystal Clear app virussafe.png
Caldria contextualitzar les obres citades al cos de l'article.
Aquest article té una llista de referències o de bibliografia, però no se sap quina verifica cada part. Podeu millorar aquest article assignant cadascuna d'aquestes obres a frases o paràgrafs concrets.
  • Adams, A.L., 1873 Field and forest rambles, with notes and observations on the natural history of eastern Canada. Henry S. King & Co., Londres. 333 p.
  • Adams, J.F., 1997. Relative abundance and maturity of Lake trout from Walker Lake, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 1987-1988. p. 104-108. A J.B. Reynolds (ed.) Fish Ecology in Arctic North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 19, 19-21 de maig de 1992, Fairbanks, Alaska, Estats Units.
  • Allendorf, F.W. i G.H. Thorgaard, 1984. Tetraploidy and the evolution of Salmonid fishes. p. 1-53. A B.J. Turner (ed.) Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Publishing Corporation, Nova York.
  • Andriyashev, A.P. i N.V. Chernova, 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123.
  • Beamish, F.W.H., 1980. Swimming performance and oxygen consumption of the charrs. p. 739-748. A E.K. Balon (ed.) Perspectives in vertebrae science: charrs, salmonid fishes of the genus Salvelinus. Chapter 24. W. Junk, Dordrecht, Països Baixos.
  • Bigelow, H.B., M.G. Bradbury, J.R. Dymond, J.R. Greeley, S.F. Hildebrand, G.W. Mead, R.R. Miller, L.R. Rivas, W.L. Schroeder, R.D. Suttkus i V.D. Vladykov, 1963. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part three. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ.
  • Berkes, F. i M. Mackenzie, 1978. Cree fish names from Eastern James Bay, Quebec. Arctic 31(4):489-495.
  • Davisson, M.T., J.E. Wright i L.M. Atherton, 1973. Cytogenetic analysis of pseudolinkage of LDH loci in teleost genus Salvelinus. Genetics73:645-658.
  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Gibson, E.S. i F.E.J. Fry, 1954. The performance of the lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, at various levels of temperature and oxygen pressure. Can. J. Zool. 32:252-260.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Merriman, D., 1935. Squam lake trout. Bull Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 75: 3-10.
  • Miller, R.B. i W.A. Kennedy, 1948. Observations on the lake trout of Great Bear Lake. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 7(4):176-189.
  • Mitchill, S.L., 1818. Description of three species of fish. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1(2):407-412.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000. ISBN 0-13-011282-8.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Phillips, R.B. i P.E. Ihssen, 1985. Chromosome banding in salmonid fish: Nucleolar organizer regions in Salmo and Salvelinus. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.. 27():433-440.
  • Phillips, R.B., K.D. Zajicek i P.E. Ihssen, 1989. Population differences in chromosome-banding polymorphisms in lake trout. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 118(1):64-73.
  • Phillips, R.B., K.A. Pleyte i P.E. Ihssen, 1989. Patterns of chromosomal nucleolar organizer region (NOR) variation in fishes of the genus Salvelinus. Copeia 1989:47-53.
  • Power, G., 1978. Fish population structure in Arctic lakes. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:53-59.
  • Quast, J.C. i E.L. Hall, 1972. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p.
  • Richardson, J., 1836. The fish. Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of of the northern parts of British America. (3): 327 p.
  • Royce, W.F., 1951. Breeding habits of lake trout in New York. Fish. Bull. U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. 52(59):59-76.
  • Shuter, B.J., J.E. Matuszek i H.A. Regier, 1987. Optimal use of creel survey data in assessing population behaviour: Lake Opeongo lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) 1936-83. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44 (Suppl. 2):229-238.
  • Vasil'ev, V.P., 1980. Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38.
  • Wahl, R.W., 1960. Chromosome morphology in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Copeia :16-19
  • Walters, V., 1955. Fishes of the western arctic America and eastern arctic Siberia, taxonomy and zoogeography. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N.Y. 106(5):255-368.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985. ISBN 0-356-10715-9.

Enllaços externs

En altres projectes de Wikimedia:
Commons
Commons Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
Viquiespècies
Viquiespècies


license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CA

Salvelinus namaycush: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Salvelinus namaycush és una espècie de peix de la família dels salmònids i de l'ordre dels salmoniformes.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CA

Amerikanischer Seesaibling ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src=
Amerikanischer Seesaibling (Salvelinus namaycush), Illustration

Der Amerikanische Seesaibling (Salvelinus namaycush), auch als Amerikanische Seeforelle, in der Schweiz als Kanadische Seeforelle bezeichnet,[1] gehört zu den Lachsfischen (Salmonidae).

Merkmale

Er hat die für lachsartige Fische typische Fettflosse zwischen Rücken- und Schwanzflosse. Die Rückenfarbe ist schwarz bis dunkelbraun, die Seiten sind braun bis dunkelgrau und werden zum Bauch zu hellbeige bis schmutzig-gelb. Typisch ist eine Zeichnung an den Seiten mit schmutzig-weißen oder gelblichen Punkten. Je nach Gewässer und Nahrungsangebot zeigt sich der Amerikanische Seesaibling als stromlinien- oder spindelförmig, oder, nur bei extrem großen Exemplaren, bauchig.

Gewicht

Aus Zeiten der Holzfäller in Kanada vor 150 bis 200 Jahren ist überliefert, dass der Amerikanische Seesaibling einen wichtigen Teil des Speiseplans ausmachte und wegen seines zahlreichen Vorkommens leicht zu befischen war. Es sollen Exemplare von bis zu 60 kg Gewicht dabei gewesen sein. Ein Rekordexemplar mit 46 kg Gewicht aus dem Athabascasee ist ausreichend dokumentiert.[2] Wegen der Überfischung der nordamerikanischen Forellengewässer durch Sportangler liegt das Gewicht eines Amerikanischen Seesaiblings heute bei einem bis drei Kilogramm, im Norden Kanadas und in Alaska jedoch deutlich höher.

Vorkommen

Der Amerikanische Seesaibling ist ursprünglich in tiefen, ausreichend kalten, sauerstoffreichen Seen, seltener in Flüssen der nördlichen Hälfte Nordamerikas heimisch. In den Großen Seen ist er wegen Überfischung, Überdüngung und der Zunahme des parasitischen Neunauges nahezu ausgerottet. Stabile Vorkommen existieren in geeigneten Seen Ontarios, Québecs, Saskatchewans und Manitobas sowie in Alaska und in den Nordwest-Territorien.

Da der Amerikanische Seesaibling sehr empfindlich gegen sich ändernde Umweltbedingungen und Überfischung ist, bemüht man sich mit aufwändigen Verfahren, die nativen Populationen durch Zuchtfische aufrechtzuerhalten.

Mit wechselndem Erfolg wurde der Amerikanische Seesaibling in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten auch in geeignet erscheinenden Gewässern u. a. Südamerikas, besonders Argentiniens und Chiles, ausgesetzt. Er wurde auch in Europa in vielen Bergseen im Alpenraum erfolgreich angesiedelt.[1]

Lebensweise

Amerikanische Seesaiblinge werden im Vergleich zu anderen Fischen erst spät geschlechtsreif, was ihre Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen und Überfischung erklärt. Je nach Gewässertyp und Klima sowie dem damit verbundenen Nahrungsangebot entwickeln sie sich entweder zu Planktonfressern oder zu Raubfischen. Erstere wachsen sehr langsam und bleiben klein, während letztere schnell wachsen und groß werden.

Gemein ist beiden Lebensweisen, dass im Sommer möglichst kühle und daher tiefe Wasserschichten aufgesucht werden. Im Winter, Frühling und Spätherbst dagegen findet man den Amerikanischen Seesaibling auch an der Wasseroberfläche bzw. unter der Eisdecke und in seichtem Wasser.

Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung

Der Amerikanische Seesaibling ist einer der begehrtesten Speisefische der Neuen Welt. Er hat ein – je nach Nahrung – weißes bis leicht gelbliches über blassrosa bis intensiv lachsfarbenes, trockenes und festes Fleisch und ist geschmacklich von einem Lachs kaum zu unterscheiden. Diese Qualitäten dezimierten sein Vorkommen beträchtlich, so dass die kommerzielle Fischerei auf den Amerikanischen Seesaibling u. a. an den Großen Seen aufgegeben werden musste.

 src=
Amerikanischer Seesaibling

Fischerei

Das Angeln auf den Amerikanischen Seesaibling ist saisonal sehr unterschiedlich. Im Winter kann man beim ufernahen Eisangeln gute Erfolge erzielen. Im Frühjahr, nach der Schnee- und Eisschmelze, steht der Amerikanische Seesaibling wegen des kalten Wassers auch noch ufernah und man kann ihm mit Spinnangeln oder Fliegenfischen beikommen. Im Sommer liegt der Amerikanische Seesaibling träge im tiefen, kalten Wasser, und er ist fast ausschließlich durch Schleppangeln mit schwerer Kupferschnur, großem Blinker und daran aufgespießtem Köderfisch zum Beißen zu überreden. Im Herbst mischen sich die Angelvarianten aus Frühjahr und Sommer, je nach Gewässerbeschaffenheit und Wassertemperatur.

Literatur

  • David Stephen Lee et al.: Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh 1980, ISBN 0-917134-03-6.
  • Lawrence M. Page, Brooks M. Burr: Peterson Field Guide Series – A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes: North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, New York 1991, ISBN 0-395-91091-9.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Kanadische Seeforelle bei der Volkswirtschaftsdirektion des Kt. Bern (abgerufen am 22. April 2013)
  2. Fishing World Records
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Amerikanischer Seesaibling: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src= Amerikanischer Seesaibling (Salvelinus namaycush), Illustration

Der Amerikanische Seesaibling (Salvelinus namaycush), auch als Amerikanische Seeforelle, in der Schweiz als Kanadische Seeforelle bezeichnet, gehört zu den Lachsfischen (Salmonidae).

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Кристивомерлер ( Kirghiz; Kyrgyz )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
буларга кристивомер.

Кристивомерлер (лат. Salvelinus namaycush) – Америкадагы сом балыктарынын бир түрү.

Колдонулган адабияттар

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia жазуучу жана редактор

Iqaluaqpak ( Inupiaq )

provided by wikipedia emerging_languages
 src=
Iqaluaqpak

Iqaluaqpak suli Qaluaqpak (Salvelinus namaycush)

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors

Lake trout

provided by wikipedia EN

The lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)[2] is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, namaycush, lake char (or charr), touladi, togue, and grey trout. In Lake Superior, it can also be variously known as siscowet, paperbelly and lean. The lake trout is prized both as a game fish and as a food fish. Those caught with dark coloration may be called mud hens.[3]

Taxonomy

It is the only member of the subgenus Cristovomer, which is more derived than the subgenus Baione (the most basal clade of Salvelinus, containing the brook trout (S. fontinalis) and silver trout (S. agasizii)) but still basal to the other members of Salvelinus.[4]

Range

From a zoogeographical perspective, lake trout have a relatively narrow distribution. They are native only to the northern parts of North America, principally Canada, but also Alaska and, to some extent, the northeastern United States.[5] Lake trout have been widely introduced into non-native waters in North America[6] and into many other parts of the world, mainly Europe, but also into South America and certain parts of Asia. Although lake trout were introduced into Yellowstone National Park's Shoshone, Lewis and Heart lakes legally in the 1890s, they were illegally or accidentally introduced into Yellowstone Lake in the 1980s where they are now considered invasive.[7]

Description

A lake trout

Lake trout are the largest of the chars; the record weighed almost 102 pounds (46 kg) (netted) with a length of 50 inches (130 cm), and 15–40-pound (6.8–18.1-kilogram) fish are not uncommon. The average length is 24–36 inches (61–91 centimetres). The largest caught on a rod and reel according to the IGFA was 72 pounds (33 kg), caught in Great Bear Lake in 1995 with a length of 59 inches (150 cm).[8]

Life history

Lake trout inhabit cold, oxygen-rich waters. They are pelagic during the period of summer stratification in dimictic lakes, often living at depths of 20–60 m (66–197 ft).

The lake trout is a slow-growing fish, typical of oligotrophic waters. It is also very late to mature. Populations are extremely susceptible to overfishing. Many native lake trout populations have been severely damaged through the combined effects of hatchery stocking (planting) and over harvest. Another threat to lake trout is acidification, which can have longterm effects on their populations through both direct harm and reduced prey populations (e.g. Mysis relicta).[9]

There are three subspecies of lake trout. There is the common lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush namaycush), the siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet), and the less common rush lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush huronicus). Some lakes do not have pelagic forage fish during the period of summer stratification. In these lakes, lake trout act as planktivores. Lake trout in planktivorous populations are highly abundant, grow very slowly and mature at relatively small sizes. In those lakes that do contain deep-water forage, lake trout become piscivorous. Piscivorous lake trout grow much more quickly, mature at a larger size and are less abundant. Notwithstanding differences in abundance, the density of biomass of lake trout is fairly consistent in similar lakes, regardless of whether the lake trout populations they contain are planktivorous or piscivorous.

A lake trout in spawning dress.

In Lake Superior, common lake trout (S. n. namaycush) and siscowet lake trout (S. n. siscowet) live together. Common lake trout tend to stay in shallower waters, while siscowet lake trout stay in deeper water. Common lake trout (also called "lean" lake trout) are slimmer than the relatively fat siscowet. Siscowet numbers have become greatly depressed over the years due to a combination of the extirpation of some of the fish's deep water coregonine prey and to overexploitation. Siscowet tend to grow extremely large and fat and attracted great commercial interest in the last century. Their populations have rebounded since 1970, with one estimate putting the number in Lake Superior at 100 million. Professor of Zoology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison James Kitchell credits effective constraint of commercial fisheries and persistent sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control for the successful recovery of Lake Superior's lake trout. "Looking at what has happened in the lake and the results of computer simulations, it is clear that lamprey control needs to continue if Lake Superior is to keep its lake trout."[10]

Hybrids

Lake trout are known to hybridize in nature with the brook trout; such hybrids, known as "splake", are normally sterile but self-sustaining populations exist in some lakes.[11] Splake are also artificially propagated in hatcheries, and then stocked into lakes in an effort to provide sport-fishing opportunities.[12]

Commercial fishing

Fishermen drying a net and hauling lake trout; part of a 1940 mural in the Sturgeon Bay Post Office.

Lake trout were fished commercially in the Great Lakes until lampreys, overharvest and pollution extirpated or severely reduced the stocks. Commercial fisheries still exist in some areas of the Great Lakes and smaller lakes in northern Canada. Commercial fishing by Ojibwe for Lake Trout in Lake Superior is permitted under various treaties and regulated by the Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC).[13]

Origin of name

The specific epithet namaycush derives from namekush, a form of the word used in some inland Southern East Cree communities in referring to this species of fish. Other variations found in East Cree are kûkamâs[h], kûkamâw and kûkamesh.[14] Similar cognate words are found in Ojibwe: namegos = "lake trout"; namegoshens = "rainbow trout", literally meaning "little lake trout".[15]

Popular culture

Geneva, New York claims the title "Lake Trout Capital of the World," and holds an annual lake trout fishing derby.[16]

References

  1. ^ "Salvelinus namaycush". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  2. ^ "Lake Trout (Mackinaw)". NDOW. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
  3. ^ "Mud Hens??". Lake Ontario United - Lake Ontario's Largest Fishing & Hunting Community - New York and Ontario Canada.
  4. ^ Phillips, RUTH B.; Oakley, TODD H. (1997-01-01), Kocher, Thomas D.; Stepien, Carol A. (eds.), "CHAPTER 10 - Phylogenetic Relationships among the Salmoninae Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences", Molecular Systematics of Fishes, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 145–162, ISBN 978-0-12-417540-2, retrieved 2021-02-13
  5. ^ "Salvelinus namaycush Lake trout". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
  6. ^ "NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Lake Trout". US Geological Survey. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
  7. ^ Munro, Andrew R.; Thomas E. McMahon; James R. Ruzycki (Spring 2006). "Source and Date of Lake Trout Introduction" (PDF). Yellowstone Science. 14 (2).
  8. ^ "International Game Fish Association-Lake Trout". International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
  9. ^ Ogden, Lesley Evans (2018-11-01). "Acid Rain: Researchers Addressing Its Lingering Effects". BioScience. 68 (11): 928. doi:10.1093/biosci/biy113. ISSN 0006-3568.
  10. ^ Moen, Sharon (December 2002). "Siscowet Trout: A Plague of Riches". Minnesota Sea Grant. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
  11. ^ Berst, A. H.; Ihssen, P. E.; Spangler, G. R.; Ayles, G. B.; Martin, G. W. (1980). "The splake, a hybrid charr Salvelinus namaycush x S. fontinalis.". In Balon, E. K. (ed.). Charrs, Salmonid Fishes of the Genus Salvelinus. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. pp. 841–887.
  12. ^ "Why Splake?". Maine.gov Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
  13. ^ "Lake Superior Treaty Fishery". Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
  14. ^ Berkes, Fikret and Marguerite MacKenzie. "Cree Fish Names from Eastern James Bay, Quebec" in Arctic, Vol. 31, No. 4 (December 1978), pp. 489-495
  15. ^ Weshki-ayaad, Lippert and Gambill. Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary Online. Accessed September 21, 2010.
  16. ^ Lake trout derby, Geneva, NY Accessed September 29, 2010.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Lake trout: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, namaycush, lake char (or charr), touladi, togue, and grey trout. In Lake Superior, it can also be variously known as siscowet, paperbelly and lean. The lake trout is prized both as a game fish and as a food fish. Those caught with dark coloration may be called mud hens.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Salvelinus namaycush ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Salvelinus namaycush es una especie de pez de la familia Salmonidae en el orden de los Salmoniformes.

Morfología

• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 150 cm de longitud total y 32,7 kg de peso.[1]

Alimentación

Come esponjas de agua dulce, crustáceos, insectos, peces hueso (especialmente del género Coregonus ) y mamíferos pequeños, aunque hay poblaciones que se nutren de plancton.[4]

Depredadores

Es depredado porAmeiurus nebulosus (en Canadá),Lota chica (Canadá), Prosopium cylindraceum, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis y Petromyzon marinus(los Estados Unidos ).

Hábitat

Vive en zonas de aguas dulces templadas (65 ° N-43 ° S) y entre 18-53 m de profundidad.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en Norteamérica: Estados Unidos.

Longevidad

Puede llegar a vivir 50 años.

Estado de conservación

Es muy susceptible a la contaminación, especialmente a los insecticidas.

Referencias

  1. IGFA, 2001. Base de datos de registros de pesca IGFA hasta el 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Estados Unidos.
  2. FishBase
  3. Webster, DA, WA Lund, Jr.., R.W. Wahl y W.D. Youngs, 1960. Observed and calculated length of lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Cayuga Lake, New York. Trans. Am. Fish. Soy. 89 (3):274-279.
  4. Morrow, JE, 1980. The Freshwater Fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p.

Bibliografía

  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, 1997.
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986:. A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Salvelinus namaycush: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Salvelinus namaycush es una especie de pez de la familia Salmonidae en el orden de los Salmoniformes.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Salvelinus namaycush ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Salmonidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Salvelinus namaycush FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Salvelinus namaycush: Brief Summary ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Salmonidae familian sailkatzen da.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Harmaanieriä ( Finnish )

provided by wikipedia FI

Harmaanieriä (Salvelinus namaycush) on pohjoisamerikkalainen nieriäsuvun lohikalalaji. Se on sisävesikala, jota on siirretty myös Pohjoismaihin. Suomeen harmaanieriä tuotiin vuonna 1955 mätimunina Yläjärvestä.

Tuntomerkit

Harmaanieriässä on koko ruumiissa selkä-, rasva- ja pyrstöevä mukaan lukien runsaasti valkoisia ja keltaisia pilkkuja. Yleisväritys on yleensä ruskeankellertävä tai tummanvihertävä, joskus jopa musta tai harmahtava. Harmaanieriän suuren koon syynä pidetään sen korkeaa ikää. Inarijärvestä saadut viisivuotiaat yksilöt painoivat 1,3–2,2 kg. Yleinen saaliskoko on Inarinjärvessä 0,7–2 kg, mutta yli 7-kiloisiakin on saatu. Kanadassa on tavattu 46,4-kiloinen kala.[1] Harmaanieriä muistuttaa nieriää ja puronieriää.

Levinneisyys

Harmaanieriä on pohjoisten vesien asukas. Sen levinneisyys kattaa lähes koko Kanadan ja osittain Alaskan. Yhdysvalloissa rajoittuu Alaskan lisäksi maan pohjoisosan Suuriin järviin.

Suomessa harmaanieriä on menestynyt ainoastaan Inarijärvessä, jossa paikalliset asukkaat ovat nimittäneet sitä hurttarauduksi. Sielläkään lisääntyminen ei ole onnistunut, sillä kaikki saaliiksi saadut kalat ovat syntyneet kalanviljelylaitoksella. Ruotsissa harmaanieriästä on pitkäaikaisempaa kokemusta. Siellä harmaanieriää on istutettu erityisesti säännöstelyjärviin ja jokien patoaltaisiin. Harmaanieriää on siirretty myös muun muassa Norjaan sekä eteläisen Etelä-Amerikan sisävesiin Argentiinassa ja Chilessä.

Ravinto ja elintavat

Harmaanieriä on kaikkiruokainen. Sille kelpaa kaikenlainen eläinravinto. Kitaan joutuu eläinplanktonia, äyriäisiä, hyönteistoukkia, sammakoita ja kaloja. Pääosa ravinnosta koostuu kaloista jo harmaanieriän ollessa 25–30 cm:n pituinen.

Harmaanieriä viihtyy yksinomaan viileissä, runsashappisissa ja syvissä järvissä. Kutuaikaa lukuun ottamatta harmaanieriä on vaelteleva yksinäinen kala. Vaellusaluetta rajoittaa järven koko. Kesäaikaan rajoitteena on veden lämpeneminen. Koleiden vesien asukki ei suostu hetkeksikään nousemaan harppauskerroksen yläpuolisiin lämpimiin vesiin, paitsi syksyllä kalan noustessa kutemaan.

Lisääntyminen ja elinikä

Järvikutuisen harmaanieriän ensimmäinen kutu tapahtuu vasta kalan ollessa 5–10-vuotias. Joskus sukukypsyyden saavuttaminen voi viedä jopa 20 vuotta. Kutuaika on syys–marraskuussa veden lämpötilan ollessa 10–13 astetta. Kutupaikkojen laatu ja syvyys vaihtelevat rajusti. Eräät kannat kutevat jopa monien kymmenien metrien syvyydessä, mutta tavanomainen kutupaikka on 10 metrin syvyydessä hiekka- ja sorapohjalla. Kutu alkaa risujen ja muiden irtoroskien puhdistamisella kutupohjasta. Yksi naaras voi kutea kahden eri koiraan kanssa. Silti koiraat joutuvat taistelemaan runsaasti naaraista. Varsinaista kutukuoppaa ei kaiveta, vaan kun mäti ja maiti on laskettu, naaras huiskii ne kivien ja hiekan sekaan pyrstöllään.

Harmaanieriä on pitkäikäinen kala. Jopa 30–40-vuotiaita yksilöitä on tavattu. Se on myös erittäin hidaskasvuinen kala; 30 cm:n kokoisena istutetun kalan on havaittu saavuttavan 50 cm:n pituuden vasta 4–5 järvivuoden jälkeen.

Harmaanieriän saalistajia luonnossa ovat ihmisen lisäksi ainakin: piikkimonni (Ameiurus nebulosus), Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, made (Lota lota), merinahkiainen (Petromyzon marinus) ja pyörösiika (Prosopium cylindraceum).[2]

Lähteet

  • Hannu Lehtonen: Iso kalakirja - Ahvenesta vimpaan, s. 103–104. WSOY, 2003. ISBN 951-0-28134-4.

Aiheesta muualla

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FI

Harmaanieriä: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

provided by wikipedia FI

Harmaanieriä (Salvelinus namaycush) on pohjoisamerikkalainen nieriäsuvun lohikalalaji. Se on sisävesikala, jota on siirretty myös Pohjoismaihin. Suomeen harmaanieriä tuotiin vuonna 1955 mätimunina Yläjärvestä.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FI

Salvelinus namaycush ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Le touladi (Salvelinus namaycush) est un poisson d'eau douce de la famille des ombles, typique des grands plans d'eau oligotrophes[1] de l'Amérique du Nord[2]. Il est aussi communément appelé truite grise, truite de lac ou omble du Canada. Le touladi est une espèce prisée comme poisson-trophée ainsi que comme source d'alimentation.

Description

Le touladi est un des plus grands salmonidés avec le saumon Chinook et le taimen. La croissance du touladi varie en fonction de la nourriture disponible et de la latitude du plan d’eau. Il peut vivre au-delà de 40 ans, atteindre plus de 1 m de longueur et peser plus de 30 kg[3]. Le record mondial est de près de 46,3 kg.

Il présente un long corps grisâtre parsemé de petites taches pâles et plutôt rondes[4]. Ces taches s'allongent et prennent la forme de mouchetures sur sa tête aplatie, sa nageoire dorsale et sa nageoire caudale, qui est très fourchue. Ses nageoires pectorales et pelviennes sont bordées d'une bande blanche. Sa livrée varie quelque peu en fonction des conditions de température et de lumière. Sa couleur passe du gris olive très foncé sur le dos vers un gris olive plus pâle sur les côtés, qui change en jaune pâle au niveau de l'abdomen[5].

Le touladi est originaire de l'Amérique du Nord. Il se retrouve dans la majorité de l'étendue du Canada, ainsi qu'en Alaska, et les États américains entourant les Grands Lacs[5]. Il a été introduit dans plusieurs lacs d'Europe dès 1881[6], ainsi qu'en Amérique du Sud et en Nouvelle-Zélande[5].

Le touladi requiert une eau froide et bien oxygénée. Les touladis sont pélagiques, surtout durant l'été où l'eau des lacs se stratifie et où on les retrouve à 20 ou 60 mètres de profondeur. Ils chassent alors dans la thermocline les ciscos de lac ou les éperlans de lac. Sauf quelques rares exceptions, il ne fréquente pas les rivières ni les milieux marins [7].

Le touladi est un poisson à croissance lente, typique des eaux oligotrophes. La maturité survient tard (particulièrement pour un omble) entre 6 et 16 ans d'âge selon l'habitat et les ressources alimentaires disponibles[5]. Particulièrement longévif, il peut vivre jusqu'à 30 ans (max 50 ans). Ces particularités le rendent très vulnérable à la surexploitation par la pêche. Beaucoup de populations de touladis ont été sévèrement compromises, ou sont maintenues uniquement grâce à l'ensemencement.

Une pêche commerciale existait dans les Grands Lacs mais le touladi fut décimé par l'introduction des lamproies marines, la surpêche et la pollution. Une pêche commerciale existe toujours au Canada notamment au Grand lac des Esclaves et le Grand lac de l'Ours.

Répartition

 src=
Une truite grise dans les mains d'un pêcheur

Le touladi est une espèce montrant une grande variabilité de formes et de particularités écologiques[8]. Dans les lacs de tailles petite à moyenne de son aire de répartition, il est généralement reconnus qu'il existe deux types (ou écotypes) de populations de touladis. Dans les lacs qui sont dépourvus de poissons fourrage comme l'éperlan arc-en-ciel ou le cisco, le touladi aura une alimentation constitué de zooplancton et d'invertébrés benthiques. Ces populations planctophages sont constituées de spécimens de petites taille, démontrant une maturité hâtive, mais une abondance plus importante [9]. Dans le cas où le lac contient des poissons fourrages pélagiques, le touladi est un poisson piscivore vorace qui atteindra la grande taille qu'on lui connait. Ses populations seront en revanche moins abondante. La densité de biomasse semble être constante dans les lacs à touladi piscivore ou planctophage. Ces écotypes sont vraisemblablement une expression de l'adaptation locale de ces populations[10],[11] et leur intrégrité pourrait être perturbés par les mesures de gestion tel que l'ensemencement[12],[13].

Dans le Lac Supérieur, trois écotypes distincts de touladis existent. Ils sont communément connus sous le nom de « siscowet », « humper » et « lean ». Les trois variétés sont distinctes génétiquement et définies, du moins en partie, par l'adaptation à leur environnement[14]. La population de Siscowet, spécifiquement, a beaucoup diminué à cause de la raréfaction de certains poissons des profondeurs (coregonine) et de leur surexploitation. Cette variété a tendance à atteindre une grande taille et démontré un taux de grand élevé, ce qui la rendait très intéressante pour les pêcheurs commerciaux du XXe siècle. La population de Siscowet montre une croissance de son abondance depuis les années 1970, avec une estimation de plus de 100 millions d'individus dans le Lac Supérieur[15].

D'un point de vue zoogéographique, le touladi est relativement rare. Il est originaire seulement des parties nordiques de l'Amérique du Nord, principalement du Canada, de l'Alaska et du nord-est des États-Unis. La répartition du touladi est considérée comme ayant été fortement influencée par les cycles glaciaires du Pléistocène. Incidemment, il existe une grande similarité entre la distribution de l’espèce et la couverture l'étendue de la couverture de glace du dernier ère glaciaire [16]. Le touladi a été introduit dans plusieurs autres parties du monde, principalement en Europe, mais aussi en Amérique du Sud et certaines régions de l'Asie. À titre d'exemple de sa relative rareté, l'Ontario possède 25 % des lacs habités par le touladi. Malgré tout, seulement 1 % des lacs ontariens contiennent des touladis.

Hybridation

Il arrive que le touladi (aussi appelée truite de lac) s'hybride avec la truite mouchetée, ce que l'on appelle la truite moulac ou lacmou. Ces hybrides sont généralement stériles, mais peuvent également se révéler très fertiles[17]. Ces hybrides ont également été artificiellement créés pour ensemencer des lacs pour la pêche sportive.

Étymologie

L'épithète spécifique namaycush provient vraisemblablement des Amérindiens, plus précisément un langage algonquin (cf. Ojibway : namegos = « truite grise » ; namegoshens = « truite arc-en-ciel »). Le nom touladi est d'origine incertaine mais possiblement amérindienne, issue de langues telles que le huron, le montagnais, le micmac et l'abénaquis[18]. Le nom cristivomer provient de son ancienne appellation taxonomique Cristivomer namaycush[19], et fait référence à la dentition en croix (cristi) que présente le touladi en son palais (vomer)[20].

Pêche sportive

Le touladi est une espèce très recherchée des pêcheurs pour les combats qu'elle livre. Il existe plusieurs techniques pour pêcher cette espèce soit au jig, à la traîne et au lancer.

La pêche à la traîne est le type de pêche le plus pratiqué et permet de faire la pêche de beaux spécimens qui sont généralement plus en profondeur.

Il existe plusieurs types de leurres, mais les plus propices à la capture d'un touladi sont les poissons-nageurs, les cuillères et les jigs.

Voir aussi

Notes et références
  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  1. Claude Lassus, Évaluation des modes de gestion de la faune aquatique, Québec, Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Direction de la gestion des espèces et des habitats, 1992 (ISBN 2-550-26980-2, lire en ligne)
  2. « Leurres pour la pêche à la truite grise », sur Pêche QC, 2 février 2014 (consulté le 22 septembre 2014)
  3. Fondation de la faune du Québec, Habitat du poisson : le touladi, Québec, 1996, 20 p. (ISBN 2-551-17005-2, lire en ligne)
  4. Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs, Synthèse du plan de gestion du touladi au Québec 2014-2020, Québec, Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction générale de l’expertise sur la faune et ses habitats, Direction de la faune aquatique, 2014, 11 p. (ISBN 978-2-550-69695-7, lire en ligne)
  5. a b c et d Pêches et Océans, Ministre des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, Le touladi, 1986 (ISBN 0-662-93206-4, lire en ligne)
  6. « Salvelinus namaycush-Cristivomer, L'Omble du Canada, Truite de lac d'Amérique, Touladi - Description, fiches détaillées », sur inpn.mnhn.fr (consulté le 20 juillet 2016)
  7. (en) Les N. Harris, Heidi K. Swanson, Matthew J. H. Gilbert et Brendan K. Malley, « Anadromy and marine habitat use of Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the central Canadian Arctic », Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 96, no 6,‎ 2020, p. 1489–1494 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  8. (en) Andrew Michael Muir, Michael Jay Hansen, Charles Richard Bronte et Charles Conrad Krueger, « If Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinusis ‘the most diverse vertebrate’, what is the lake charrSalvelinus namaycush? », Fish and Fisheries, vol. 17, no 4,‎ 13 février 2015, p. 1194–1207 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  9. Jenni L. McDermid, Brian J. Shuter et Nigel P. Lester, « Life history differences parallel environmental differences among North American lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations », Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 67, no 2,‎ 19 janvier 2010, p. 314–325 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  10. (en) S. Bernatchez, M. Laporte, C. Perrier et P. Sirois, « Investigating genomic and phenotypic parallelism between piscivorous and planktivorous lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) ecotypes by means of RADseq and morphometrics analyses », Molecular Ecology, vol. 25, no 19,‎ 2016, p. 4773–4792 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  11. Jenni L. McDermid, Peter E. Ihssen, William N. Sloan et Brian J. Shuter, « Genetic and Environmental Influences on Life History Traits in Lake Trout », Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 136, no 4,‎ 1er juillet 2007, p. 1018–1029 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  12. (en) Olivier Morissette, Pascal Sirois, Nigel P. Lester et Chris C. Wilson, « Supplementation stocking of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in small boreal lakes: Ecotypes influence on growth and condition », PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no 7,‎ 12 juillet 2018, e0200599 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  13. (en) O. Morissette, P. Sirois, C. C. Wilson et M. Laporte, « The role of ecotype-environment interactions in intraspecific trophic niche partitioning subsequent to stocking », Ecological Applications, vol. 29, no 3,‎ 2019, e01857 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  14. Burnham-Curtis, M.K. and G.R. Smith, 1994. Osteological evidence of genetic divergence of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior. Copeia (4):845-850.
  15. (Siscowet Trout: A Plague of Riches, 2002)
  16. C. C. Lindsey, « Problems in Zoogeography of the Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush », Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 21, no 5,‎ 1er mai 1964, p. 977–994 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 25 septembre 2020)
  17. Olivier Schlumberger et Pierre Elie, Poissons des lacs naturels français : Ecologie des espèces et évolution des peuplements, Editions Quae, 16 juin 2008, 212 p. (ISBN 978-2-7592-0954-5, lire en ligne)
  18. « Base de données lexicographiques panfrancophone - Fiche », sur www.bdlp.org (consulté le 20 juillet 2016)
  19. John Van Oosten et Hilary J. Deason, « The food of the lake trout (Cristivomer namaycush namaycush) and of the lawyer (Lota maculosa) of Lake Michigan », Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 67,‎ 1er janvier 1938 (DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 20 juillet 2016)
  20. « Cristivomer ou Touladi », sur www.lacsdespyrenees.com (consulté le 20 juillet 2016)

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Salvelinus namaycush: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Le touladi (Salvelinus namaycush) est un poisson d'eau douce de la famille des ombles, typique des grands plans d'eau oligotrophes de l'Amérique du Nord. Il est aussi communément appelé truite grise, truite de lac ou omble du Canada. Le touladi est une espèce prisée comme poisson-trophée ainsi que comme source d'alimentation.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Salvelinus namaycush ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Salvelinus namaycush, conosciuto comunemente come salmerino di lago o, impropriamente, come trota di lago americana, è un pesce osseo d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Salmonidae.

Distribuzione e habitat

 src=
Salmerini di lago pescati a Yellowstone

Questo pesce è originario del Canada e delle regioni settentrionali degli Stati Uniti d'America, compresa l'Alaska.
È stato introdotto in varie parti del pianeta, tra cui in Europa, dove si è naturalizzato solo in alcune zone come nei Pirenei francesi, in Svezia, in Finlandia ed in alcuni laghi del nord Italia.
Vive in genere nei laghi e frequenta di rado le acque correnti.

Descrizione

È molto simile al salmerino di fontana, ma ha la pinna caudale profondamente forcuta ed è caratterizzato da una livrea alquanto diversa, che si presenta scura con numerose macchie irregolari chiare.

Raggiunge taglie decisamente maggiori, ben oltre il metro di lunghezza.

Alimentazione

I giovani si cibano di plancton e di insetti, mentre gli adulti catturano principalmente altri pesci.

Riproduzione

La riproduzione, come nella maggior parte dei salmonidi, avviene in inverno. Si riproduce sui fondi lacustri in zone ciottolose e non effettua migrazioni nei fiumi.

Pesca

Si cattura con le tecniche della pesca a mosca e dello spinning. Interessa anche i pescatori professionisti che lo insidiano con vari tipi di reti.

La carne è ottima, come quella degli altri salmerini.

Bibliografia

  • Kottelat M., Freyhof J. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes, Publications Kottelat, Cornol (CH), 2007

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Salvelinus namaycush: Brief Summary ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Salvelinus namaycush, conosciuto comunemente come salmerino di lago o, impropriamente, come trota di lago americana, è un pesce osseo d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Salmonidae.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Amerikaanse meerforel ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Vissen

De Amerikaanse meerforel (Salvelinus namaycush) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van echte zalmen (Salmonidae), orde van zalmen (Salmoniformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 150 centimeter. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 50 jaar.

Leefomgeving

De Amerikaanse meerforel is een zoetwatervis. De soort komt voor in gematigde wateren in Noord-Amerika op een diepte van 18 tot 53 meter.

Relatie tot de mens

De Amerikaanse meerforel is voor de visserij van aanzienlijk commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Amerikaanse meerforel: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

De Amerikaanse meerforel (Salvelinus namaycush) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van echte zalmen (Salmonidae), orde van zalmen (Salmoniformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 150 centimeter. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 50 jaar.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Kanadarøye ( Norwegian )

provided by wikipedia NN

Kanadarøye er ein laksefisk som lever i mange innsjøar i Nord-Amerika. Ho er òg utsett mange andre stadar som sportsfisk, m.a. i Trøndelag og på Austlandet. Norsk svarteliste 2007 vurderer ho som ein høgrisikoart fordi ho kan gjera så store innhogg i dei naturlege bestandane av aure og røye.

Kjenneteikn

Som andre røyer har kanadarøya lyse prikkar på mørk grøn til grå botn, men fargen varierer med miljøet.Ryggen er alltid lyst marmorert, og halen er djupt kløfta. Arten har eit stort hovud og er svakt underbitt, og kan bli opptil 126 cm og 46 kg. Han høyrer difor mellom dei største reine ferskvasslaksefiskane.

Levesett

Kanadarøya trivst både i grunt og djupt vatn, og er ein vandrande art. Sidan dei for det meste er reine ferskvassfisk (opptrer ein sjeldan gong i brakkvatn) vert vandringane avgrensa av storleiken på vassdraget og den einskilde fisken.

Kanadarøye er rovfisk som et eit vidt spekter av ulike dyr: fisk, krepsdyr, insekt, ferskvassvampar og små pattedyr, men nokre bestandar et plankton heile livet. Desse populasjonane veks sakte, vert tidlegare kjønnsmogne og døyr relativt unge sett i høve til dei som et fisk.

Gytinga skjer om natta, når på året ho skjer varierer med utbreiingsområdet. Hannane kjem til gyteplassen først og brukar tid på å vaska stein. Når hoene kjem nokre dagar seinare tek hannane til å kurtisera dei ved å pressa seg mot dei og skjelva. Egga fell ned i holrom på botnen, og dei gytande skiljast. Prosessen vert oppatteken heilt til hoa er tom for egg. Stundom kan så mange som sju hannar og tre hoer delta i ein stor massegytingsseanse.

Kanadarøye i Noreg

Kanadarøya kom til Noreg tidleg på 1970-talet, då yngel frå eit klekkeri i Sverige vart sett ut i Rømmervatna, Kvesjøen og Murusjøen i Lierne. Den dag i dag er det formeiringsdyktige bestandar her. Dette vassdraget renn vidare ut i den svenske Ångermanälven, så vidare norsk spreiing vil ikkje kunne skje derifrå. I dag har ein likevel funne arten både i ni innsjøer i Nord-Trøndelag, og i Tunnsjøen (Lierne) og Limingen (Røyrvik). Om fisken formeirar seg her er framleis uklart.

Ved Oslo blei kanadarøye sett ut i Lutvann og Nøklevann som eit eksperiment i 1985. I alle fall i Lutvann ser det ut til å førekomma gyting. Det føreligg òg nokre usikre observasjonar frå Maridalsvatnet.

Bakgrunnsstoff

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NN

Kanadarøye: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

provided by wikipedia NN

Kanadarøye er ein laksefisk som lever i mange innsjøar i Nord-Amerika. Ho er òg utsett mange andre stadar som sportsfisk, m.a. i Trøndelag og på Austlandet. Norsk svarteliste 2007 vurderer ho som ein høgrisikoart fordi ho kan gjera så store innhogg i dei naturlege bestandane av aure og røye.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NN

Kanadarøye ( Norwegian )

provided by wikipedia NO

Kanadarøye (Salvelinus namaycush) er en fisk i laksefamilien. Arten tilhører samme slekt som arktisk røye og bekkerøye. Den hører naturlig hjemme i det nordlige Nord-Amerika fra Alaska gjennom Canada til de store sjøene nord i USA. Kanadarøye er dessuten satt ut mange andre steder i verden for sportsfiske, blant annet i Trøndelag og på Østlandet i Norge.

Kanadarøye lever hele livet i innsjøer, og foretrekker kalde og dype sjøer. Ungfisken lever av larver og dyreplankton, men den vokser fort og går tidlig over til fiskeføde hvis det er tilgjengelig.[1]

Norsk sportsfiskerekord fram til 2016 var et eksemplar på 6,82 kg, tatt i Lutvann, Oslo den 29.4.2004[2]. Ny rekord ble satt den 1. juni 2016 med en fisk på 10,2 kilo, fanget i Kvesjøen i Trøndelag.[3] Rekorden ble slått på nytt den 6. juni 2017, da Kjell C. Rambech fanget en fisk på 103 cm og 10,36 kilogram.[4]

Arten er ansett som fremmed i norsk fauna, og står på den norske svartelista.[1]

Referanser

  1. ^ a b «Canadarøye». Artsdatabanken. Besøkt 1. juni 2016.
  2. ^ Villmarksliv, norske sportsfiskerekorder
  3. ^ «Vilhelm knuste norgesrekorden på «umulig» fisk». abc nyheter. 1. juni 2016. Besøkt 1. juni 2016.
  4. ^ «Ny norgesrekord: Å jøye, for ei røye!». NRK. 23. juni 2017. Besøkt 23. juni 2017.

Eksterne lenker

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia forfattere og redaktører
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NO

Kanadarøye: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

provided by wikipedia NO

Kanadarøye (Salvelinus namaycush) er en fisk i laksefamilien. Arten tilhører samme slekt som arktisk røye og bekkerøye. Den hører naturlig hjemme i det nordlige Nord-Amerika fra Alaska gjennom Canada til de store sjøene nord i USA. Kanadarøye er dessuten satt ut mange andre steder i verden for sportsfiske, blant annet i Trøndelag og på Østlandet i Norge.

Kanadarøye lever hele livet i innsjøer, og foretrekker kalde og dype sjøer. Ungfisken lever av larver og dyreplankton, men den vokser fort og går tidlig over til fiskeføde hvis det er tilgjengelig.

Norsk sportsfiskerekord fram til 2016 var et eksemplar på 6,82 kg, tatt i Lutvann, Oslo den 29.4.2004. Ny rekord ble satt den 1. juni 2016 med en fisk på 10,2 kilo, fanget i Kvesjøen i Trøndelag. Rekorden ble slått på nytt den 6. juni 2017, da Kjell C. Rambech fanget en fisk på 103 cm og 10,36 kilogram.

Arten er ansett som fremmed i norsk fauna, og står på den norske svartelista.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia forfattere og redaktører
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NO

Palia jeziorowa ( Polish )

provided by wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons
Lake trout fish in hands salvelinus namaycush.jpg

Palia jeziorowa[2], palia amerykańska[2] (Salvelinus namaycush) – gatunek ryby łososiokształtnej z rodziny łososiowatych, zaliczany do rodzaju Salvelinus – obejmującego golce i palie.

Występowanie

Palia jeziorowa występuje w chłodnych jeziorach Kanady i Nowej Anglii. Aklimatyzacja tej ryby w Europie, np. w Szwajcarii zakończyła się powodzeniem. W Polsce ryba ta nie występuje w warunkach naturalnych (można ją spotkać w hodowlach np. w okolicy Jugowa na Dolnym Śląsku).

Opis

Ciało jest wydłużone, w starszym wieku wysoko wygrzbiecone, o smukłym trzonie ogonowym. Posiada bardzo małe łuski, na płytce lemiesza 6–8 mocnych, długich zębów, trzon jest bezzębny. Płetwa ogonowa jest głęboko wcięta. Boki i grzbiet są oliwkowo-zielone, a strona brzuszna w kolorze od żółtawego do czerwonego. Na głowie, tułowiu i płetwie grzbietowej widnieją jasne, nieregularne plamy. Płetwy parzyste i odbytowa są różowe z białą przednią krawędzią.

Odżywianie

Palia jeziorowa żywi się małymi bezkręgowcami, starsze osobniki zjadają także ryby. Dojrzałość płciową uzyskuje dopiero w 6–8 roku życia.

Rozród

Tarło trwa od września do listopada. Młode osobniki przebywają blisko brzegu, dorosłe po tarle powracają na głębiny.

Przypisy

  1. Salvelinus namaycush, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b Reichholf 1994 ↓, s. 62

Bibliografia

  • J. Mihalik, F. Reiser, Nasze ryby, Warszawa 1990
  • * Josef Reichholf: Wielka encyklopedia ryb : słodkowodne i morskie ryby Europy. Wiesław Wiśniewolski (tłum.). Warszawa: Muza, 1994. ISBN 83-7079-317-7.
  • Fritz Terofal, Claus Militz: Ryby słodkowodne. Leksykon przyrodniczy. Henryk Garbarczyk, Eligiusz Nowakowski i Jacek Wagner. Warszawa: Świat Książki, 1997. ISBN 83-7129-441-7.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia POL

Palia jeziorowa: Brief Summary ( Polish )

provided by wikipedia POL
Lake trout fish in hands salvelinus namaycush.jpg

Palia jeziorowa, palia amerykańska (Salvelinus namaycush) – gatunek ryby łososiokształtnej z rodziny łososiowatych, zaliczany do rodzaju Salvelinus – obejmującego golce i palie.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia POL

Salvelinus namaycush ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Truta-de-lago (Salvelinus namaycush, ou, em inglês, Lake trout) é um peixe da ordem salmoniformes, família salmonidae e gênero salvelinus que vive sobremaneira em lagos das áreas setentrionais da América do Norte. Nas suas regiões de origem a truta-de-lago é também conhecida por mackinaw, lake char, charr, touladi, togue e grey trout (truta-cinzenta), entre outros. No Lago Superior, a truta-de-lago também é denominada siscowet, paperbellies e leans.

A espécie encontra-se amplamente distribuída desde o norte do Canadá e Alasca até a Nova Inglaterra, nos Estados Unidos, e os Grandes Lagos da América do Norte. Além disso, a truta-de-lago foi introduzida em várias áreas fora da sua região de origem.

A truta-de-lago atinge um tamanho máximo de 150 centímetros, mas o mais comum são os exemplares de até 50 centímetros. O peso máximo registrado para a espécie é de 32,7 quilogramas e a idade máxima de 50 anos.

A truta-de-lago depende de águas frias e ricas em oxigênio. A espécie é pelágica durante o período de estratificação de verão em lagos dimíticos, vivendo frequentemente a uma profundidade de 20 a 60 metros. A truta-de-lago é um peixe de crescimento lento, típico de águas oligotróficas. Ela também demora bastante a chegar à maturidade.

A truta-de-lago era pescada comercialmente nos Grandes Lagos até que as lampreias, a pesca predatória e a poluição liquidaram ou reduziram drasticamente as populações desta espécie naquela região. Entretanto, a pesca comercial da truta-de-lago ainda é praticada em certas áreas dos Grandes Lagos e em lagos menores do norte do Canadá.

Referências gerais

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia PT

Salvelinus namaycush: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Truta-de-lago (Salvelinus namaycush, ou, em inglês, Lake trout) é um peixe da ordem salmoniformes, família salmonidae e gênero salvelinus que vive sobremaneira em lagos das áreas setentrionais da América do Norte. Nas suas regiões de origem a truta-de-lago é também conhecida por mackinaw, lake char, charr, touladi, togue e grey trout (truta-cinzenta), entre outros. No Lago Superior, a truta-de-lago também é denominada siscowet, paperbellies e leans.

A espécie encontra-se amplamente distribuída desde o norte do Canadá e Alasca até a Nova Inglaterra, nos Estados Unidos, e os Grandes Lagos da América do Norte. Além disso, a truta-de-lago foi introduzida em várias áreas fora da sua região de origem.

A truta-de-lago atinge um tamanho máximo de 150 centímetros, mas o mais comum são os exemplares de até 50 centímetros. O peso máximo registrado para a espécie é de 32,7 quilogramas e a idade máxima de 50 anos.

A truta-de-lago depende de águas frias e ricas em oxigênio. A espécie é pelágica durante o período de estratificação de verão em lagos dimíticos, vivendo frequentemente a uma profundidade de 20 a 60 metros. A truta-de-lago é um peixe de crescimento lento, típico de águas oligotróficas. Ela também demora bastante a chegar à maturidade.

A truta-de-lago era pescada comercialmente nos Grandes Lagos até que as lampreias, a pesca predatória e a poluição liquidaram ou reduziram drasticamente as populações desta espécie naquela região. Entretanto, a pesca comercial da truta-de-lago ainda é praticada em certas áreas dos Grandes Lagos e em lagos menores do norte do Canadá.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia PT

Kanadaröding ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV

Kanadaröding (Salvelinus namaycush) är en fisk i familjen laxfiskar från Nordamerika.

Kanadarödingen är en rovfisk och lever främst av fisk. Den fanns tidigare ymnigt i Övre sjön, den största av de fem stora sjöarna och i Alaska. Den växer långsamt och lever länge, ibland upp till 40 år. Kanadarödingens färg varierar från näst intill silver till gröngrå eller brungrå med gulaktiga fläckar över hela fisken. Den har stor mun och buken är i motsats till rödingens aldrig röd.

Introducerad art

Kanadaröding har introducerats till flera länder i Europa, Argentina, Peru, Nya Zeeland och Japan.

Den har i Finland planterats ut främst i Enare träsk. Det är inte klarlagt om den kan reproducera sig eller om fångsterna enbart beror på utsättning.[1] Den har även planterats ut i Sverige. I Sverige har den lyckats reproducera sig i en del sjöar de planterats ut i och har blivit ett starkt hot mot de inhemska arterna eftersom de äter dessa. På flera ställen försöker man därför minska bestånden av kanadaröding för att skydda arter som öring och röding.

Det svenska rekordet för kanadaröding är 13.84kg. Fisken fångades i Björkvattnet, Tärnaby juni 2017 av Rickard Linderot.[2] I Nordamerika blir de dock betydligt större. Där är rekordet 46,3 kg. [källa behövs]

Källor

  1. ^ Om Kanadaröding ”Arkiverade kopian”. Arkiverad från originalet den 2 mars 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140302232625/http://www.rktl.fi/svenska/fisk/fiskatlas/kanadaroding/. Läst 2 mars 2014.
  2. ^ ”Han slog svenskt rekord med monsterrödingen”. https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vasterbotten/han-slog-svenskt-rekord-med-monsterrodningen.

Externa länkar

Mört, Nordisk familjebok.png Denna fiskrelaterade artikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia SV

Kanadaröding: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV

Kanadaröding (Salvelinus namaycush) är en fisk i familjen laxfiskar från Nordamerika.

Kanadarödingen är en rovfisk och lever främst av fisk. Den fanns tidigare ymnigt i Övre sjön, den största av de fem stora sjöarna och i Alaska. Den växer långsamt och lever länge, ibland upp till 40 år. Kanadarödingens färg varierar från näst intill silver till gröngrå eller brungrå med gulaktiga fläckar över hela fisken. Den har stor mun och buken är i motsats till rödingens aldrig röd.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia SV

Göl alabalığı ( Turkish )

provided by wikipedia TR

Göl alabalığı (Salmo trutta lacustris), Salmonidae familyasından deniz ve dere alabalığının bir gölün tatlısu kesimine adapte olmuş göç etmeyen formudur.

Özellikleri

Deniz ve dere alabalıklarının bütün özelliklerini gösterir. Yalnızca rengi ve daha tombul vücut yapısı ile onlardan ayrılır. Asıl rengi gümüşî, gümüşî gri veya kahverengimsi; sırt yan ve karın kısmına kıyasla daha renkli, hafif kahvemsi veya yeşilimsidir. Vücudun yan ve sırtı büyük siyah beneklerle kaplı, bunların arasında portakal veya gül renginde lekeler bulunur.

Yaşam alanı

Bu balıklar, soğuk ve derin dağ göllerinde, orman içi göllerde yaşarlar. Karnivor olup, diğer balıklar ve su canlıları ile beslenirler. İyi beslenme koşullarda 20–25 kg ağırlığa ulaşabilir. Gerçekten lezzetli ve amatör balıkçılık açısından değer taşıyan bir alabalıktır.

Dağılımı

Türkiye'de bazı orman içi göllerde, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'ndeki su özellikleri uygun göllerde mevcuttur.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia yazarları ve editörleri
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia TR

Göl alabalığı: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

provided by wikipedia TR

Göl alabalığı (Salmo trutta lacustris), Salmonidae familyasından deniz ve dere alabalığının bir gölün tatlısu kesimine adapte olmuş göç etmeyen formudur.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia yazarları ve editörleri
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia TR

突吻紅點鮭 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

突吻紅點鮭,為輻鰭魚綱鮭形目鮭科的其中一,為溫帶淡水魚,分布於北美洲,從阿拉斯加加拿大北部至五大湖新英格蘭流域,體長可達150公分,棲息在湖泊底中層水域,以魚類軟體動物昆蟲甲殼類等為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚及遊釣魚。

参考文献

擴展閱讀

 src= 維基物種中有關突吻紅點鮭的數據

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

突吻紅點鮭: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

突吻紅點鮭,為輻鰭魚綱鮭形目鮭科的其中一,為溫帶淡水魚,分布於北美洲,從阿拉斯加加拿大北部至五大湖新英格蘭流域,體長可達150公分,棲息在湖泊底中層水域,以魚類軟體動物昆蟲甲殼類等為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚及遊釣魚。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

レイクトラウト ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
レイクトラウト Lake Trout GLERL.jpg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii : サケ目 Salmoniformes : サケ科 Salmonidae : イワナ属 Salvelinus : レイクトラウト'S. namaycush 学名 Salvelinus namaycush
(Walbaum, 1792) 英名 Lake trout

レイクトラウト(Salvelinus namaycush)は、主に北アメリカ北部に分布する淡水性のイワナの一種である。英語では「mackinaw」、「lake char(またはcharr)」、「touladi」、「togue」、「grey trout」と呼ばれている。スペリオル湖では「siscowet」、「paperbellies」、「leans」としても知られている。レイクトラウトはゲームフィッシュ、そして食用として重んじられている。

概説[編集]

レイクトラウトはイワナの中で一番大きく、46.3 kg (102 lb)が記録されている[1]。レイクトラウトはヤツメウナギによる吸血被害、乱獲汚染が資源をひどく減少させるまで水産資源として漁獲されていた。

体色は緑褐色を主体に銀色、茶褐色、黒色を呈するなど、非常にバラエティに富んでいる。背中は暗く、逆に腹部は明るい。背鰭、油鰭、尾鰭を含む体の大部分は淡色の斑点が覆っている。カワマスほど顕著ではないが、頭部と背部は虫食い状の斑紋がある[2]

レイクトラウトは冷たくて、酸素が豊富な水に依存している。イワナの仲間では4-10℃と最も低温を好む[2]。彼らは湖において夏の2層化(水の循環において層が2つに分かれること)の段階の間は表層にいるが、しばしば水深20–60 mに棲んでいることもある。

レイクトラウトは、貧栄養型の水域に見られる成長の速度の遅い魚であり、成熟するのもまた遅い。個体数は乱獲に影響されやすい。多くの天然レイクトラウトは孵化場の複合効果でその個体数にひどくダメージを受けた。

 src=
釣り人の手中にあるレイクトラウト

レイクトラウトには通常2つのタイプがある。ある湖では夏の2層化の間、表層に餌となる小魚がいない。これらの湖ではレイクトラウトはプランクトンを食糧とする。プランクトン食性のレイクトラウトは個体数が非常に多く、非常にゆっくり成長して、そして小型のまま成熟する。深層に餌となる小魚がいる湖では、レイクトラウトは魚食性になる。魚食性のレイクトラウトはずっと早く成長し、より大型のサイズで成熟するが、個体数は多くはない。豊かさの相違にもかかわらず、レイクトラウトの個体数がプランクトン食性か魚食性かに関わらず、レイクトラウトのバイオマス密度は同様の湖でかなり一致している。

スペリオル湖では3つの明瞭に異なった表現型即ち「siscowet」、「paperbelly」、「lean」が知られ、持続している。異なったグループは遺伝子制御の下で少なくとも何らかのレベルに作用しており、単なる環境適応ではない[3]。siscowetの数は深層の魚の一種コレゴヌス亜科(サケ科)による捕食と乱獲による根絶の組み合わせにより、長い間に渡って大きく落ち込んでいる。siscowetは(特にleanと比較して)非常に大きく、太っていて、20世紀に大いに商業的興味を惹きつけた[1]。siscowetのスペリオル湖における個体数は1970年以降跳ね返り、1億尾と見積もられた。

動物地理学的見地から見て、レイクトラウトは実に珍しい。彼らはアラスカを始めとする北アメリカ北部、またカナダアメリカ合衆国では北東部に棲息する。レイクトラウトは世界の多くの地域、主にヨーロッパ南アメリカ、そしてアジアのいくつかの地域に導入された。レイクトラウトの棲むアメリカ大陸には イトウは存在せず、逆にレイクトラウトの棲まないヨーロッパ・ユーラシア大陸に イトウの棲息域が集中している点は、興味深い。

レイクトラウトは非常に稀にカワマスと交雑することが知られている。しかしそのようなハイブリッド種はほとんどが生殖不能である。スプレイクとして知られているハイブリッドは人工的に孵化場で伝播し、スポーツフィッシングを提供する機会のために湖に放流される。またレイクトラウトの名に似合わず、70センチ前後までの若い個体は、非常にしばしば川の深い淵に棲息していることがある。そういった場合、背中の虫食い様の模様から、ブラウントラウトと誤認されることが多い。

種小名namaycushアメリカ先住民族の内、恐らくアルゴンキン語族に属する言語の名前に由来する。(参照:オジブウェー語:namegos = レイクトラウト; namegoshens = ニジマス

日本におけるレイクトラウト[編集]

日本においては1966年昭和41年)、カナダ・オペオンゴ湖から水産庁淡水区水産研究所日光支庁(現・増養殖研究所日光庁舎)に導入された。釣り人が日本で狙える場所は中禅寺湖のみである。陸からのキャスティングで狙えるのは早春と晩秋のみで、それ以外のシーズンは深いところにいるので、ボートに乗ってディープトローリングを行う[4]

脚注[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ Lake Trout” (英語). Fishing Online (2009年2月1日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b 魚類” (日本語). 独立行政法人国立環境研究所. ^ Burnham-Curtis, M.K. and G.R. Smith, 1994. Osteological evidence of genetic divergence of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior. Copeia (4):845-850.
  3. ^ 荒賀忠一小西英人 『さかな大図鑑』 釣りサンデーISBN 4-87958-009-0。

外部リンク[編集]

サケ科の魚 タイヘイヨウサケ属
タイセイヨウサケ属
イワナ属
イトウ属 コレゴヌス属 その他
関連項目
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語

レイクトラウト: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

レイクトラウト(Salvelinus namaycush)は、主に北アメリカ北部に分布する淡水性のイワナの一種である。英語では「mackinaw」、「lake char(またはcharr)」、「touladi」、「togue」、「grey trout」と呼ばれている。スペリオル湖では「siscowet」、「paperbellies」、「leans」としても知られている。レイクトラウトはゲームフィッシュ、そして食用として重んじられている。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語