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分布

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在臺灣地區分布於臺灣本島平地至低海拔地區,過去以南部為主,但近年中、北部也常見其蹤跡。臺灣以外見於東洋區大部份地區。
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描述

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大型弄蝶。軀體粗壯,背側褐色,腹側灰褐色。前翅外緣圓弧形;後翅扇形,臀區明顯突出。翅背面底色暗褐色。前翅中室端有兩枚半透明黃白斑;M2、M3及Cu1室各有一半透明黃白斑,排列成一直線;Cu2室中央有一黃白斑。R3至R5室亦有一半透明黃白色斑點。後翅無紋。翅腹面底色泛黃色之褐色,除了前翅之黃白斑外,後翅中室有一細小白點,其餘翅室有作弧形排列之細小白點。後翅緣毛淺褐色,前翅緣毛暗褐色
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棲地

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棲息在常綠闊葉林、熱帶季風林、海岸林,有時也出現在都市綠地。一年多代。成蝶飛行強而有力,有訪花習性。雄蝶有明顯的領域行為。幼蟲取食植株巨大的禾本科植物,如五節芒、芒草、象草等。
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Pelopidas conjuncta

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Pelopidas conjuncta, the conjoined swift,[1] is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae found in India.[1][2][3][4]

Description

Male. Upperside dark olive-brown. Forewing with nine semi-diaphanous yellowish-white spots, two in the cell towards its end, one above the other, well separated, touching the margins of the cell; three small sub-apical spots of equal size, in an outwardly oblique well-curved line, the others in an inwardly oblique discal series, one in each interspace, the spot near the base of the first median interspace the largest of the series, its lower end produced outwards, the spot above it about half its size, with its outer lower end also somewhat produced, the upper small spot about the size of the sub-apical spots, a spot at the middle of the sub-median vein. Hindwing with two or three small discal spots and a white spot near the upper end of the cell. Cilia of forewing cinereous, of hindwing whitish, with cinereous base. Underside paler. Forewing with the spots as on the upperside. Hindwing with a small white spot near the upper end of the cell and a discal series of small white spots. Antennae black, the tip of the club pale red, the shaft and club on the underside whitish, the shaft spotted with black; palpi, head and body concolorous with the wings, palpi whitish beneath, the abdomen beneath smeared with whitish, legs tinged with dull red. Female like the male, the spots of the forewing usually larger, and consequently closer together, the largest spot of the discal series usually much larger.

Subspecies

  • Pelopidas conjuncta conjuncta (N.Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and India (Himachal Pradesh to N.E. India; Andaman & Nicobar Is.))[1][2]
  • Pelopidas conjuncta narooa Moore, 1878 (India (Gujarat to Kerala and Jharkhand) and Sri Lanka)[1][2]

Biology

The larvae are known to breed on Bambusa, Coix lacryma-jobi, Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum halepense, Triplopogon ramosissimus, Zea mays, Rottboellia and cochinchinensis.[5][6]

From Singapore

References

  1. ^ a b c d R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 57. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
  2. ^ a b c Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Pelopidas.
  3. ^ W. H., Evans (1949). A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum. London: British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology. p. 443.
  4. ^ a b Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1912–1913). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. p. 309.
  5. ^ Kalesh, S & S K Prakash (2007). "Additions of the larval host plants of butterflies of the Western Ghats, Kerala, Southern India (Rhopalocera, Lepidoptera): Part 1". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 104 (2): 235–238.
  6. ^ Ravikanthachari Nitin; V.C. Balakrishnan; Paresh V. Churi; S. Kalesh; Satya Prakash; Krushnamegh Kunte (2018-04-10). "Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10 (4): 11495–11550. doi:10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550 – via JoTT.
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Pelopidas conjuncta: Brief Summary

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Pelopidas conjuncta, the conjoined swift, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae found in India.

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