Felt Lichen

Mushroom Observer Image 137544: Peltigera canina (L.) Willd.

Mushroom Observer Image 1003697: Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrad.

Mushroom Observer Image 141199: Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl.

Sant'Eufemia a Maiella, Abruzzi, Italy

Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: May 10. 2008Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Code: Bot_260/2008-7818 Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689

Peltigera canina (L.) Willd., syn.: Peltigera ulorrhiza (Flrke) Roum., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem, Pulmonaria terrestris Bory. Family: PeltigeraceaeEN: Dog Lichen, DE: Echte HundsflechteSlo.: pasji liajDat.: Oct. 12. 2021Lat.: 46.34956 Long.: 13.69225Code: Bot_1412/2021_4602Habitat: River bank, light mixed forest, at the base of a steep mountain, northeast aspect, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, partly in shade, relatively cold and humid air place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a medium size calcareous, moss overgrown boulder.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, next to Soa trail, near Trenta 46 farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker album Peltigera canina): Dog lichens (genus Peltigera sp.) are large folios lichens, which often form extensive patches on ground, rocks or grassland. They grow mostly in woods but one can find them also on open places. Particularly the green ones are beautiful when moist and richly developed. To recognize them on genus level is not at all a problem. However, to determine them correctly (particularly gray-brown ones) on species level is sometimes quite a challenge, more so, if the thali are sterile that is without apothecia. The large difference in their appearance between being in dry or moist state are often striking. So, wrong determinations are quite common. Peltigera canina is a species, which is frequently confused with others, most often with very similar (and much more frequent) Peltigera membranacea. Peltigera canina can be distinguished from other species by irregular, shaggy, markedly bushy, confluent at the base, white rhizines and fuzzy tomentum on the upper side of the lobes. The underside has flattened, smooth and whitish veins (except sometimes in the middle of the thallus where they may be darker). Quite rare, roundish and very dark brown to black apothecia are also typical. Richly branched, woolly rhizines are most diagnostic (Ref.:1.) (see Fig.3a.). However, this rhizines form is not the only one present. Often several other shapes, including those common to Peltigera membranacea, are present or even dominant. Yet, no other Peltigera species has rhizines of this typical appearance than Peltigera canina.The lichen was one time used to treat rabies because the rhizines supposedly look like dogs' teeth (Ref.:4.).Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 667.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 506.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 325.

Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy

California, United States

Peltigera aphthosaCommon freckle pelt, Felt lichenDate: August 28. 2009 (photographed in nature)Lat.: 46.44481 Long.: 13.65155Code: Bot_374/2009-2588Habitat: Among low alpine shrubs and upland grasses, on a windy ridge, nearly vertical surface northeast faced, only partly exposed to sun and precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, elevation 2.220 m (7.280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy ground Place: East ridge of Mt. Travnik, 2.200 m (7.218 feet), north part of Mt. Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Almost dry state.

Longitude (deg): -1.2. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 20' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: Berks. Vice county no.: 22. Country: England. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: among moss on concrete at side of asphalt roadway . Category: macro-photograph. Real world width(mm): 103.1875. Photographic equipment used: Specimens directly scanned on Black Widow 9630 SP flatbed scanner.

Longitude (deg): -0.6. Latitude (deg): 50.9. Longitude (deg/min): 0° 40' W. Latitude (deg/min): 50° 60' N. Vice county name: West Sussex. Vice county no.: 13. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on bonfire site. Category: standard photograph or close-up. Photographic equipment used: Nikon Coolpix 950.

Longitude (deg): -1.9. Latitude (deg): 54.0. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 50' W. Latitude (deg/min): 54° 0' N. Vice county name: Mid-west Yorks. Vice county no.: 64. Country: England. Stage: Teliomorph. Identified by: Peter Earland-Bennett. Category: standard photograph or close-up. Photographic equipment used: "35mm transparencies (on a variety of films, but Agfa CT18 in the 1960's to early 1980's followed by Fujichrome in the late 1980's.) Transparencies scanned with Minolta Dimage Scan Dual II AF-2820U transparency scanner.".

Longitude (deg): -1.2. Latitude (deg): 51.4. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 10' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 30' N. Vice county name: Berks. Vice county no.: 22. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Salix. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on fallen willow trunks. Category: macro-photograph. Photographic equipment used: Pixera Pro tethered low-resolution digital camera with bellows and Tessar 50mm lens.

Vice county name: West Cork. Vice county no.: H03. Country: Eire. Stage: Anamorph. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on top of rock on island. Category: macro-photograph. Image scaling: enlarged. Photographic equipment used: "35mm transparencies (on a variety of films, but Agfa CT18 in the 1960's to early 1980's followed by Fujichrome in the late 1980's.) Transparencies scanned with Minolta Dimage Scan Dual II AF-2820U transparency scanner.".

Hammershøj, Jylland, Danmark

Mushroom Observer Image 137545: Peltigera canina (L.) Willd.

Mushroom Observer Image 109163: Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrad.

Mushroom Observer Image 141200: Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl.

Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg., syn.: Omphalia pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) J. Kickx f., Peltigera zopfii GyelnikFamily: PeltigeraceaeEN: Horizontal felt lichen, Horizontal Dog Lichen, DE: Waagrechte Blattflechte, Flachfrchtige Schildflechte SI: ravnodiskni pasji liajDat.: April 13. 2019Lat.: 46.359795 Long.: 13.709177Code: Bot_1180/2019_DSC4709 Picture file names: from Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_10 to Peltigera-horizontalis_raw_16.Habitat: Riparian forest, left bank of river Soa, flat terrain; moist ground and humid air, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; calcareous ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 535 m (1755 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Mossy, heavily rotten stump of (most probably) Picea abies.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, near farmhouse Otokar, Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lichens in genus Peltigera are often very beautiful. They have large foliose thalli with deep colors when moist. Sometimes they form very large patches on ground, rocks or wood, which may have more than 50 cm across. Particularly the green ones are very conspicuous. There are 15 species of this genus known in Slovenia (Ref.6). When thali are not well developed, or sterile, without apothecia, or dry their determination to species level may not be an easy task.Peltigera horizontalis is relatively rare lichen in Slovenia. Horizontal, roundish apothecia is the dominant distinguishing trait. However, white underside, interwoven with almost black mesh of veins and distinctive fasciculate (in tight bundles of fibers, particularly toward their ends) rhizines are also important in determination. The species is a good indicator of old forests.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(2) www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Peltigera%20horizontalis (accessed April 14. 2019)(3) www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Peltigera_horizontalis.html (accessed April 14. 2019)(4) Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p 520(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 669.(6) members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed April 14. 2019)

Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: July 18. 2009Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Bot_363/2009-1215Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689

Peltigera canina (L.) Willd., syn.: Peltigera ulorrhiza (Flrke) Roum., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem, Pulmonaria terrestris Bory. Family: PeltigeraceaeEN: Dog Lichen, DE: Echte HundsflechteSlo.: pasji liajDat.: Oct. 12. 2021Lat.: 46.34956 Long.: 13.69225Code: Bot_1412/2021_4602Habitat: River bank, light mixed forest, at the base of a steep mountain, northeast aspect, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, partly in shade, relatively cold and humid air place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a medium size calcareous, moss overgrown boulder.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, next to Soa trail, near Trenta 46 farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker album Peltigera canina): Dog lichens (genus Peltigera sp.) are large folios lichens, which often form extensive patches on ground, rocks or grassland. They grow mostly in woods but one can find them also on open places. Particularly the green ones are beautiful when moist and richly developed. To recognize them on genus level is not at all a problem. However, to determine them correctly (particularly gray-brown ones) on species level is sometimes quite a challenge, more so, if the thali are sterile that is without apothecia. The large difference in their appearance between being in dry or moist state are often striking. So, wrong determinations are quite common. Peltigera canina is a species, which is frequently confused with others, most often with very similar (and much more frequent) Peltigera membranacea. Peltigera canina can be distinguished from other species by irregular, shaggy, markedly bushy, confluent at the base, white rhizines and fuzzy tomentum on the upper side of the lobes. The underside has flattened, smooth and whitish veins (except sometimes in the middle of the thallus where they may be darker). Quite rare, roundish and very dark brown to black apothecia are also typical. Richly branched, woolly rhizines are most diagnostic (Ref.:1.) (see Fig.3a.). However, this rhizines form is not the only one present. Often several other shapes, including those common to Peltigera membranacea, are present or even dominant. Yet, no other Peltigera species has rhizines of this typical appearance than Peltigera canina.The lichen was one time used to treat rabies because the rhizines supposedly look like dogs' teeth (Ref.:4.).Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 667.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 506.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 681.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 325.

Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy

California, United States