Rare
Size: 56-90 mm. The male is unmistakable; but the female is an excellent mimic of Danaus chrysippus, differing in lacking spots in middle of hindwing
Erratic
Widespread (tropical Africa and Asia)
Not Assessed ( not resident in Egypt)
13 records. Latest in 2000 (Gebel Elba)
Migrant
May-December
Host-plants: mainly Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae); perhaps also Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) and several Malvaceae.
Hypolimnas misippus, the Danaid eggfly,[2][3] mimic,[3] or diadem, is a widespread species of nymphalid butterfly. It is well known for polymorphism and mimicry. Males are blackish with distinctive white spots that are fringed in blue. Females are in multiple forms that include male-like forms while others closely resemble the toxic butterflies Danaus chrysippus and Danaus plexippus.
They are found across Africa, Asia,[2] and Australia.[3] In the Americas, they are found in the West Indies, with strays in Central and North America.[3][4]
The male has the upperwings dark velvety brownish black. The forewing has a broad white oval spot between veins 3 and 7. A smaller spot near the apex is also present. These spots are crossed by the black veins and bordered in iridescent blue that is visible only at certain angles. The hindwing has a larger white spot but the veins crossing it are yellowish and not as prominent as on the forewing. There are some white specks along the tornus and the margin is edged with white and black.[5]
Underside forewing: bases of interspaces 1 and 2 and cell rich light chestnut, discal area fuscous brown; apical half golden brown; basal half of costal margin flecked with white: cell anteriorly black with three white spots; a narrow, transverse, very short, white mark beyond apex of cell; a very broad, somewhat oval, white discal patch from costa to middle of interspace 2 edged with diffuse dusky black; the preapical white spot as on the upperside but not surrounded with blue, continued posteriorly as a transverse series of small postdiscal white spots; an inner and an outer transverse series of white lunules divided by a sinuous black line followed by a terminal black line.[5]
Hindwing: basal and postdiscal areas chestnut-red; a black spot at base of vein 8 defined by white lines; a very broad medio-discal white band from costa to dorsum, crossed at apex of interspace 1 a by a transverse black mark, beyond the middle of interspace 7 by a broad black bar, and in interspace 7 bordered inwardly by black; a postdiscal series of small white spots in continuation of those on the forewing; an inner subterminal series of paired subtriangular small white spots, an outer subterminal line of slender white lunules, an intervening black sinuous line between the two series and a black terminal line. Cilia of both forewings and hindwings white alternated with black. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dark brown; beneath, the palpi and thorax white, the abdomen chestnut.[5]
Female – polymorphic:
First form: Upperside rich tawny. Forewing: the costa, the apical half of the wing and the termen black, the inner margin of this black area follows a line crossing the cell obliquely and curving round to near apex of interspace 1 a; a white spot beyond apex of cell; an oblique band of elongate white spots, a more transverse short subapical series of three or four much smaller white spots, and an inner and an outer sub-terminal transverse series of very small slender white lunules.[5]
Hindwing: a transverse round spot in interspace 7, the terminal margin broadly black, the latter traversed by two transverse series of paired small white lunules. Cilia of forewings and hindwings white alternated with black. Underside paler tawny yellow, the disc of the forewing deeper tawny; the markings are much as on the upperside but differ as follows: Forewing: three white spots along the anterior margin of cell, the black on the apical area beyond the oblique band of white spots replaced by golden. Hindwing: a black spot at base of vein 8, another at base of interspace 5, and a postdiscal transverse series of small white spots in addition to the markings as on the upperside.[5]
Second form: Similar to the above but the disc of the hindwing on both upper and under sides white, =alcippoides, Butler.
Third form: Similar to the first form, but on the forewing the oblique series of: elongate spots yellowish and the middle portion of the black apical area tawny.[5][6]
Larva: de la Chaumette (teste Moore) describes this as cylindrical, black, with a darker black dorsal line, banded transversely with pale brown transverse tuberculated small spots; beneath dark olive-brown; legs and head brick-red; head furnished with two long black thick branched spines; the rest of the segments except the anal with ten branched spines, dirty, transparent white in colour and disposed in longitudinal rows, anal segment with two similar spines.[5]
Food plant: Portulaca oleracea, Asystasia lawiana.[7]
Pupa: Pendulous. Short and thick; light brown, without metallic spots, variegated and streaked with bistre, particularly towards the head and tail. (de la Chaumette.)[5]
The females H. misippus mimic (in appearance) the similar-sized Plain Tiger, a toxic butterfly with the toxic Milkweed as its host plant. The vibrant colours of the Plain Tiger advertise its unpalatable nature to predators around, so the Danaid female sends out the same signal, regardless of it not being toxic
To aid this behaviour, the females also sometimes tend to move with plain tiger butterflies. There are very minute differences in appearance of the two butterflies.[8]
Egg
Caterpillar
Pupa
Portrait of the butterfly
male underside
female
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. pp. 388–389. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Moore, Frederic (1899–1900). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. IV. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 144–150. Hypolimnas misippus, the Danaid eggfly, mimic, or diadem, is a widespread species of nymphalid butterfly. It is well known for polymorphism and mimicry. Males are blackish with distinctive white spots that are fringed in blue. Females are in multiple forms that include male-like forms while others closely resemble the toxic butterflies Danaus chrysippus and Danaus plexippus.
Hypolimnas misippus
Le Diadème ou Nymphale du pourpier, Hypolimnas misippus, est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères de la famille des Nymphalidae, de la sous-famille des Nymphalinae et du genre Hypolimnas.
Hypolimnas misippus (Linné, 1764)
Autre combinaison : Papilio misippus Linné, 1764[1].
Le Diadème se nomme en anglais Diadem ou Danaid Eggfly.
C'est un grand papillon qui présente un dimorphisme sexuel, le mâle a un dessus bleu-noir avec une grosse tache blanche sur chaque aile alors que celui de la femelle est variable, souvent orange bordé de noir[2]. Ce polymorphisme est parallèle à celui de Danaus chrysippus avec lequel l'espèce est souvent considérée comme exemple du mimétisme batésien, bien qu'on ait montré qu'elle pouvait être toxique pour certains prédateurs. En fait, on sait maintenant que les formes femelles ne cohabitent pas avec les prétendus modèles ; il n'y a ni corrélation géographique ni écologique. Ce cas classique de mimétisme est rejeté et pourtant toujours répété par habitude[3].
Les chenilles sont grégaires[2].
œuf
chenille
chrysalide
La femelle d' Hypolimnas misippus est très semblable à Danaus chrysippus. Cethosia sp., Pseudacraea poggei...
Hypolimnas bolina et Hypolimnas misippus peuvent être confondus.
Il est multivoltin. Toutes les colonies rencontrées au nord des tropiques viendraient depuis les régions tropicales car c'est un puissant voyageur.
Les plantes-hôtes sont nombreuses, essentiellement le Pourpier : Malvaceae, Portulacaceae (Portulaca oleracea, Portulaca okracea), Abutilon, Hibiscus, Plantago asiatica et Plantago major, Ficus, Convolvulaceae[1].
Il est résident en Afrique, en Arabie saoudite, en Asie tropicale (Inde et Ceylan), en Australie et en Nouvelle-Calédonie, en Amérique du Sud et Centrale. En Égypte, au Liban, en Turquie il se rencontre sans doute comme migrateur[1]. On le trouve également comme résident à l'île de La Réunion.
Il aurait été introduit récemment en Amérique du Sud lors de la traite des esclaves. Dans les îles des Antilles il ne serait pas résident, uniquement envahisseur[4]
Il est ubiquiste.
Pas de statut de protection particulier.
Ce papillon figure sur plusieurs émissions philatéliques :
Hypolimnas misippus
Le Diadème ou Nymphale du pourpier, Hypolimnas misippus, est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères de la famille des Nymphalidae, de la sous-famille des Nymphalinae et du genre Hypolimnas.
Hypolimnas misippus, atau Danaid Eggfly, adalah kupu-kupu yang termasuk dalam kelompok keluarga Nymphalidae dan sub-keluarga Nymphalinae. Ia mempunyai lebar sayap sekitar 50–65 mm.[1]
Telor
Ulat bulu
Pupa
Portrait kupu-kupu
jantan bahagian bawah.
Hypolimnas misippus, atau Danaid Eggfly, adalah kupu-kupu yang termasuk dalam kelompok keluarga Nymphalidae dan sub-keluarga Nymphalinae. Ia mempunyai lebar sayap sekitar 50–65 mm.
Hypolimnas misippus is een vlinder uit de familie Nymphalidae (Aurelia's), onderfamilie Nymphalinae. De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1764 door Carl Linnaeus.
Het mannetje vertoont veel gelijkenis met Hypolimnas bolina, terwijl het vrouwtje giftige vlinders uit het geslacht Danaus imiteert, zodat deze niet worden lastiggevallen door insectenetende vogels.
Deze vlindersoort komt voor in India, Pakistan, Australië, Zuid- en Noord-Amerika.
Hypolimnas misippus is een vlinder uit de familie Nymphalidae (Aurelia's), onderfamilie Nymphalinae. De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1764 door Carl Linnaeus.
Hypolimnas misippus é uma espécie de insetos lepidópteros, mais especificamente de borboletas pertencente à família Nymphalidae.[1]
A autoridade científica da espécie é Linnaeus, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1764.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.
Hypolimnas misippus é uma espécie de insetos lepidópteros, mais especificamente de borboletas pertencente à família Nymphalidae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Linnaeus, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1764.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.
Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764)
Синонимы
Hypolimnas misippus (лат.) — вид дневных бабочек из семейства нимфалид (Nymphalidae)[1].
Крупные бабочки с пёстрой окраской. Длина переднего крыла 30—42 мм. Крылья самца чёрного цвета с крупными белыми пятнами в середине крыла. Крылья самки — оранжевые с чёрной вершиной переднего крыла, несущей белую перевязь и пятна — мимикрирует под данаид, в частности Danaus chrysippus. Вдоль края крыла есть 3 ряда белых точек. Задние крылья самца на нижней стороне несут широкую белую перевязь, имеющую чёрное пятно у переднего края. Сверху на крыльях пятна широкие, на переднем крыле имеется крупное овальное пятно — в середине крыла и маленькое овальное пятно — у вершины; на заднем крыле — крупное округлое пятно. Центральная ячейка переднего крыла замкнутая. Глаза голые. Губные щупики покрыты волосками. Центральная ячейка на задних крыльях может быть, как замкнутой, так и нет. На передних крыльях жилки R1, R2 не ветвятся и берут начало от центральной ячейки. R3, R4, R5 имеют общий ствол, который также начинается от центральной ячейки. К костальному краю переднего крыла выходят жилки R1 и R2, R3 выходит к вершине, а к внешнему краю крыла — R4, R5[2].
Япония, Корейский полуостров, тропики Старого и Нового Света[2].
Кормовые растения гусениц: род Portulaca и Asystasia lawiana[3]. Бабочки встречаются в любых открытых биотопах[2].
Яйцо
Гусеница
Куколка
Самец
Самка
金斑蛺蝶（Danaid Eggfly，學名：Hypolimnas misippus）又名雌紅紫蛺蝶。是一種遍佈世界各地的蛺蝶。雌雄型體各異，雌蝶有金色斑紋，雄蝶的翅脖呈現黑褐色，顶角有白斑。
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