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Tsangpo Cypress

Cupressus torulosa var. gigantea (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Farjon

Comments

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An endangered species. Perhaps better treated as a variety of Cupressus torulosa, from which it differs mainly in its thicker ultimate branchlets, which are not drooping but spreading (xeromorphy), and in that some stands in SE Xizang contain very massive trees. However, some herbarium specimens of C. torulosa collected outside China in the W Himalayan region have similarly thick foliage, while another specimen from SE Xizang has ultimate branchlets only 0.8 mm wide.
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Flora of China Vol. 4: 67 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Trees to 45 m tall; trunk 3(-6) m d.b.h.; branchlets densely arranged, often glaucous, stout, usually 4-angled, rarely terete, ultimate ones not drooping, 1.5-2 mm in diam. Leaves closely arranged, in 4 ranks, glaucous, scalelike, obtusely ridged or arched (gibbous) and with a rounded central abaxial gland. Seed cones usually glaucous, oblong-globose, 1.5-2 × 1.3-1.6 cm; cone scales circa 12, each fertile scale with numerous seeds; bracts with a prominent, large, free mucro at apex. 2n = 22*
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Flora of China Vol. 4: 67 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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SE Xizang.
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Flora of China Vol. 4: 67 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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* Mountain slopes, along rivers; 3000-3400 m.
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Flora of China Vol. 4: 67 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Diagnostic Description

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Cupressus gigantea is close relative of Cupressus chengiana, but differs from the latter in its glaucous (vs. not glaucous) branchlets, bracts with a prominent, large, free mucro at apex (vs. a small, free mucro at apex).
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Distribution

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Cupressus gigantea is occurring in SE Xizang.
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Evolution

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Recent phylogenetic investigations of Cupressoideae have found evidence to suggest that Cupressus is not monophyletic. The Cupressus was divided into an Old World clade and a New World clade. Data from anatomy, biochemistry, micromorphology, reproductive development, reproductive morphology, and vegetative morphology were combined with molecular sequence data (matK, NEEDLY intron 2, nrITS, rbcL, and trnL) to produce the most complete hypothesis of evolutionary relationships within Cupressoideae. Callitropsis, Cupressus, and Juniperus formed a well-supported monophyletic group (100%). Within this clade, the only demonstrably monophyletic genus was Juniperus (100%). Monophyly of the Old World species of Cupressus was well supported (100%). Old World species of Cupressus were sister to Juniperus (99%). Callitropsis and the New World species of Cupressus were resolved as the sister group to the Old World Cupressus plus Juniperus clade (100%) (Little, 2006).
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General Description

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Trees to 45 m tall; trunk 3 (-6) m d.b.h.; branchlets densely arranged, often glaucous, stout, usually 4-angled, rarely terete, ultimate ones not drooping, 1.5-2 mm in diameter. Leaves closely arranged, in 4 ranks, glaucous, scalelike, obtusely ridged or arched (gibbous) and with a rounded central abaxial gland. Seed cones usually glaucous, oblong-globose, 1.5-2 cm long, 1.3-1.6 cm wide; cone scales circa 12, each fertile scale with numerous seeds; bracts with a prominent, large, free mucro at apex.
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Genetics

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The chromosomal number of Cupressus gigantea is 2n = 22 (Liang, 1990).
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Habitat

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Growing in mountain slopes, along rivers; 3000-3400 m.
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Threats

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Cupressus gigantea is reported be vulnerable (Conifer Specialist Group, 1998).
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Tibet-Zypresse ( German )

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Die Tibet-Zypresse (Cupressus gigantea) ist eine Art der Gattung Zypressen aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Sie ist im Südosten Tibets heimisch.

Beschreibung

Die Tibet-Zypresse wächst als immergrüner Baum der Wuchshöhen von 25 bis 50 Meter und Brusthöhendurchmesser von 1 bis 6 Meter erreichen kann. Junge Bäume haben eine faserige, orange-braune Borke die mit zunehmendem Alter dunkel braun bis grau wird. Weiters wird sie dicker und es bilden sich schmale Grate aus. Die offene Krone ist unregelmäßig konisch geformt. Die 1,2 bis 2 Millimeter dicken Zweige sind blaugrün gefärbt und stehen dicht, aber niemals hängend an den Ästen.[1]

Die schuppenartigen und gebogenen Blätter sind blaugrün gefärbt. Sie stehen dicht gedrängt an den Zweigen. An der Blattunterseite findet man eine runde Drüse.[1]

Die blaugrünen Zapfen sind bei einer Länge von 1,5 bis 2 Zentimeter und einer Breite von 1,3 bis 1,6 Zentimeter länglich-kugelig geformt. Sie bestehen aus zwölf Zapfenschuppen von denen jede mehrere Samenkörner trägt.[1]

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 22.[1]

Verbreitung und Standort

Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet der Tibet-Zypresse liegt im Südosten Tibets. Man findet sie dort in den Dihangschluchten sowie in den Flusstälern des Nyang Qu und des Nize.[1]

Die Tibet-Zypresse gedeiht in Höhenlagen von 3000 bis 3400 Metern. Sie wächst vor allem in Flusstälern und an diesen angrenzenden Berghängen.[2]

Systematik

Die Erstbeschreibung als Cupressus gigantea erfolgte 1975 durch Wan Chun Cheng und Li Kuo Fu in Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 13(4), S. 85–86, pl. 16, f. 1.[3] 2005 wurde sie von Aljos K. Farjon in Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys, S. 224 als Varietät der Himalaya-Zypresse (Cupressus torulosa) unterstellt.[4] Von manchen Autoren wird sie aber als eigene Art geführt.[5]

Wenn sie als eigene Art geführt wird, werden gelegentlich zwei Unterarten unterschieden:[5]

  • Cupressus gigantea subsp. gigantea ist die Nominatform.
  • Cupressus gigantea subsp. tongmaiensis (Silba) Silba. Synonyme sind Cupressus tongmaiensis Silba, Cupressus gigantea subsp. ludlowii (Silba) Silba, Cupressus austrotibetica subsp. tongmaiensis (Silba) Silba und Cupressus tongmaiensis var. ludlowii Silba.[5]

Gefährdung und Schutz

Die Tibet-Zypresse wird in der Roten Liste der IUCN als „gefährdet“ eingestuft. Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen das eine erneute Überprüfung der Gefährdung notwendig ist.[6]

Quellen

  • Christopher J. Earle: Cupressus gigantea. In: The Gymnosperm Database. conifers.org, 27. Februar 2011, abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2011 (englisch).
  • Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams & Aljos Farjon: Cupressaceae. Cupressus. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (Hrsg.): Flora of China. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3, Cupressus gigantea, S. 67 (englisch, Cupressus gigantea – dieses gedruckte Werk ist textgleich Online).

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Cupressus gigantea. In: The Gymnosperm Database. conifers.org, 27. Februar 2011, abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2011 (englisch).
  2. Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams & Aljos Farjon: Cupressaceae. Cupressus. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (Hrsg.): Flora of China. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3, Cupressus gigantea, S. 67 (englisch, Cupressus gigantea – dieses gedruckte Werk ist textgleich Online).
  3. Cupressus gigantea bei Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2011.
  4. Cupressus torulosa D. Don var. gigantea (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Farjon. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network. ars-grin.gov, abgerufen am 2. Januar 2012 (englisch).
  5. a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Cupressus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 23. März 2019.
  6. Cupressus torulosa var. gigantea in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2011.

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Tibet-Zypresse: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Tibet-Zypresse (Cupressus gigantea) ist eine Art der Gattung Zypressen aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Sie ist im Südosten Tibets heimisch.

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Cupressus gigantea

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Cupressus gigantea, the Tibetan cypress, is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae in Asia. C. gigantea was previously classified as a subspecies of Cupressus torulosa because of their similar morphological characteristics and close distribution, but have since been genetically distinguished as separate species.[2]

Distribution

It is endemic to Southeast Tibet - China on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, particularly in the dry valleys of Nyang River and Yarlung Tsangpo River.[3] Cupressus gigantea is the biggest of all Cupressus species.

King cypress

The biggest known specimen is the famous King Cypress, about 50 meters high, 5.8 meters in diameter, 0.165-acre (670 m2) of crown-projection-area; and calculated age of 2,600 years.

References

  1. ^ Zhang, D.; Qin, H.-n.; Christian, T.; Rushforth, K. (2013). "Cupressus gigantea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T32336A2815433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T32336A2815433.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ Fu, Yaru; Li, Shaoke; Guo, Qiqiang; Zheng, Weilie; Yang, Rui; Li, Huie (2019-02-21). "Genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic Cupressus (Cupressaceae) species on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau". Journal of Genetics. 98 (1): 14. doi:10.1007/s12041-019-1059-4. ISSN 0973-7731. PMID 30945670. S2CID 67790943.
  3. ^ Li, Shaoke; Qian, Zengqiang; Fu, Yaru; Zheng, Weilie; Li, Huie (2014). "Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in the Tibetan cypress Cupressus gigantea using paired-end Illumina shotgun sequencing". Conservation Genetics Resources. 6 (3): 795–797. doi:10.1007/s12686-014-0222-8. ISSN 1877-7252. S2CID 14927898.
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Cupressus gigantea: Brief Summary

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Cupressus gigantea, the Tibetan cypress, is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae in Asia. C. gigantea was previously classified as a subspecies of Cupressus torulosa because of their similar morphological characteristics and close distribution, but have since been genetically distinguished as separate species.

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Cupressus gigantea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El ciprés del Tibet o Cupressus gigantea es una especie de conífera de la familia Cupressaceae, que se encuentra en Asia. Es endémica del Tíbet - China.

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Descripción

Es un árbol de hasta 45 m de altura, tronco de 3 (-6) m de diámetro; ramillas densamente dispuestas, a menudo no glaucas y robustas, por lo general de 4 ángulos, rara vez cilíndricas, las últimas caídas, 1.5-2 mm de diam. Hojas estrechas, en 4 filas, glaucas, escamosas, en camellones o arqueadas (menguante) y con una glándula redondeada abaxial central. Conos de semillas usualmente glaucos, oblongo-globoso, 1.5-2 × 1.3-1.6 cm; escamas de las piñas con alrededor de 12, con numerosas semillas; brácteas con un prominente mucrón grande, libre en el ápice. Tiene un número de cromosomas de 2 n = 22.[2]

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra en las pistas de montaña, a lo largo de los ríos, a una altitud de 3000-3400 metros en Xizang.

Ciprés Rey

El mayor ejemplar conocido es el famoso Ciprés Rey, de unos 50 metros de altura, 5,8 metros de diámetro, 670 m² en el área de proyección la corona, y con una edad calculada de 2.600 años.

Taxonomía

Cupressus gigantea fue descrita por W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu y publicado en Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 13(4): 85–86, pl. 16, f. 1. 1975.[3]

Etimología

Cupressus es el nombre latino del ciprés que de acuerdo con algunos autores proviene de "Cyprus" (Chipre), de donde es nativo y crece silvestre.

gigantea: epíteto latín que significa "enorme, gigante".

Sinonimia
  • Cupressus torulosa var. gigantea (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Farjon[4][5]

Referencias

  1. Conifer Specialist Group 1998. Cupressus gigantea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
  2. en Flora de China
  3. «Cupressus gigantea». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 31 de enero de 2013.
  4. Cupressus gigantea en PlantList/
  5. «Cupressus gigantea». World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 31 de enero de 2013.

Bibliografía

  1. Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1999. Fl. China 4: 1–453. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
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Cupressus gigantea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El ciprés del Tibet o Cupressus gigantea es una especie de conífera de la familia Cupressaceae, que se encuentra en Asia. Es endémica del Tíbet - China.

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Cupressus gigantea ( Indonesian )

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Cupressus gigantea, atau Cypress Tibet , adalah spesies konifer dari familia Cupressaceae yang ditemukan di Asia.

Distribusi

Pohon ini merupakan tumbuhan endemik dan hanya ditemukan di Tenggara Tibet - China. Populasi terkonsentrasi di sepanjang sungai Yarlung Tsangpo. Cupressus gigantea adalah pohon terbesar dari semua Cupressus.

Cypress Raja

Spesimen terbesar yang dikenal adalah Cemara Raja, dengan tinggi sekitar 50 meter, dan diameter 5.8 meter, kanopinya menutupi daerah seluas 0,165-ekar (670 m2); dan berusia sekitar 2.600 tahun.

Sumber

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Cupressus gigantea: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Cupressus gigantea, atau Cypress Tibet , adalah spesies konifer dari familia Cupressaceae yang ditemukan di Asia.

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Tibetansk sypress ( Norwegian )

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Tibetansk sypress Tibetansk sypress Vitenskapelig(e)
navn
: Cupressus gigantea
W. C. Cheng & L.K. Fu Norsk(e) navn: Tibetansk sypress Hører til: sypresslekten,
sypressfamilien,
bartrær,
nakenfrøede planter

Tibetansk sypress (latin: Cupressus gigantea) er en art av bartrær innenfor sypresslekten i sypressfamilien (Cupressaceae).

Chengsypress er sjelden, den er ganske utrydningstruet ("vulnerable"), og vokser kun i skogshabitater i høyereliggende strøk av Himalaya – i det sørvestlige Kina. Habitatene er på retrett og artens habitater forsvinner.

Eksterne lenker

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Tibetansk sypress: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Tibetansk sypress (latin: Cupressus gigantea) er en art av bartrær innenfor sypresslekten i sypressfamilien (Cupressaceae).

Chengsypress er sjelden, den er ganske utrydningstruet ("vulnerable"), og vokser kun i skogshabitater i høyereliggende strøk av Himalaya – i det sørvestlige Kina. Habitatene er på retrett og artens habitater forsvinner.

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Cupressus gigantea ( Portuguese )

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Cupressus gigantea é uma espécie de conífera da família Cupressaceae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada na China.

Referências

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Cupressus gigantea: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Cupressus gigantea é uma espécie de conífera da família Cupressaceae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada na China.

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Cupressus gigantea ( Vietnamese )

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Cupressus gigantea là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1975.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Cupressus gigantea. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Thông này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cupressus gigantea: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cupressus gigantea là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1975.

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巨柏 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Cupressus gigantea
W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu

巨柏学名Cupressus gigantea)为柏科柏木属下的一个种。

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巨柏: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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巨柏(学名:Cupressus gigantea)为柏科柏木属下的一个种。

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