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Gonyaulax Diesing 1866

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Gonyaulacaceae; Gonyaulax; Dinoflagellata (dinoflagellates); Gonyaulax polygramma; Gonyaulacales; Dinophyceae; Alveolata (alveolates); SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria); Cellular (cellular organisms); Life (creatures); Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Image of Gonyaulax Diesing 1866
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Gonyaulax; Gonyaulax polygramma; Gonyaulacaceae; Gonyaulacales; Dinoflagellata (dinoflagellates); Dinophyceae; Alveolata (alveolates); SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria); Cellular (cellular organisms); Life (creatures); Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Image of Gonyaulax Diesing 1866
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Gonyaulax; Gonyaulacaceae; Gonyaulacales; Alveolata (alveolates); Dinophyceae; SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria); Cellular (cellular organisms); Life (creatures); Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Image of Gonyaulax spinifera
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Gonyaulax spinifera; Gonyaulax; Gonyaulacaceae; Gonyaulacales; Dinophyceae; Alveolata (alveolates); SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria); Cellular (cellular organisms); Life (creatures); Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
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    University of Liverpool   Harmful Phytoplankton Project
    Fig 1: Gonyaulax polygramma Schematic diagram (ventral view) redrawn from Tomas et al. 1997.
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    Plate 21
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    Plate 21. Gonyaulax polygramma. Figs. 1-3. SEM. Fig. 1. Ventral view: cell large, elongate and quadrilateral. Epitheca with prominent apical horn (arrow). Cingulum left-handed, displaced 1.5 X its width; sulcus widens posteriorly. Longitudinal ridges on thecal surface with reticulations in between. Fig. 2. Lateral ventral view: transverse (TF) and longitudinal (LF) flagella present. One antapical spine (arrow). Fig. 3. Dorsal view: hypotheca truncate with straight sides. Three antapical spines (arrows): one large and two small. Figs. 4-5. LM. Fig. 4. Ventral view: reticulations evident; one long antapical spine (arrow). Fig. 5. Dorsal view: prominent longitudinal ridges. Fig. 6. Line drawing.
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    Gonyaulax spinifera
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    Minami Himemiya   Wikimedia Commons
    Description: Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparède et Lachmann) Diesing 1866; Gonyaulacaceae, Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae, Dinoflagellata (Dinophyta) English: North-West Black Sea, coastal waters, at a depth of 0.5 metre Русский: Северо-Запад Чёрного моря, прибрежные воды, на глубине 0,5 м. Date: 5 August 2007. Source: Own work. Author: Minami Himemiya.
  • Image of Gonyaulax spinifera
    G. spinifera cells are slightly longer than broad. The epictheca has convex sides and a small epical horn. The hypotheca has a 2-4 antapical spines. The sulcus extends almoust the whole length of the cell. The cingulum is deeply excavated and displaced by 2 or more widths. G. spinifera is sometimes confused with Gonyaulax digitale.
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