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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 10.3 years (captivity) Observations: One captive specimen was still alive at 10.3 years of age (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Untitled

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Interest in the coexistence of Xerus erythropus with several mongoose species has lead to numerous studeis. The pairing is unique since the mongoose is also a predator of Geoffrey’s ground squirrels. This coexistence proves that protective habitats are more important than obtaining food. This may be attributed to the fact that mongooses have many sources of food that are abundant enough that they do not need to rely on Xerus erythropus for nourishment. Several studies have been conducted on this bizarre relationship, and many more are in progress.

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations

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The defense system of Xerus erythropus lies in their burrow structures. The burrows provide protection from predators when the alarm call has been heard. Geoffrey’s ground squirrels will often cautiously peep out of their burrows to search for the cause behind the alarm call. The main predators of Xerus erythropus are various carnivores such as raptorial birds and mongooses.

Known Predators:

  • mongooses (Herpestes)
  • meerkats (Suricata)
  • yellow mongooses (Cynictis)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology

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The coarse fur covering its body identifies this species. The fur is frequently tinted the color of the soil in which the animal is found, creating an array of color from brownish to reddish grey to yellowish grey. The pads of the feet lack fur. A few sparse white hairs may occupy the area surrounding the foot. A white, or buff, stripe appears on both sides of the body running from the shoulders to the hind quarters. The total length of the body is between 203 to 463 mm with a tail length of 180 to 274 mm. The tail is somewhat flattened and usually a shade darker than the rest of the body. The ears are small. Claws are present, long and slightly curved, but climbing trees is nearly impossible for Xerus erythropus.

Range mass: 300 to 945 g.

Range length: 203 to 463 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy

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Longevity of Xerus erythropus is limited by predation. Human disruption of habitats may also limit the lifespan, which averages 2 years in the wild.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
3 years.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
6 (high) years.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
2 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
6.0 years.

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Habitat

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Geoffrey’s ground squirrels prefer open “savanna like” habitats. The climate in which they are found is dry. Africa’s open woodlands, grasslands, and rocky country are home to the majority of this species.

Range elevation: 1000 to 5000 m.

Average elevation: 3500 m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; forest

Other Habitat Features: agricultural

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution

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Xerus erythropus prefer habitats that are fairly dry. Savanas of eastern Sudan and southwestern Kenya, southwestern Morocco, southern Mauritania and Senegal are the native homes of Geoffrey's ground squirrels.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Trophic Strategy

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Xerus erythropus are omnivorous. The diet consists of palm nuts, banana, pawpaw, seeds, pods, grains, yams and other roots, insects, small vertebrates, and bird’s eggs. Foods such as nuts and seeds are often stored around the burrows.

Animal Foods: mammals; amphibians; reptiles; eggs; insects

Plant Foods: roots and tubers; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: omnivore

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations

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Several predators of Xerus erythropus also share burrows with this species. Several mongoose species benefit from the burrows that have already been made by Geoffrey’s ground squirrels. In return, the mongooses offer protection from bird of prey and snakes that threaten the colony.

Xerus erythropus disperse seeds by caching their food. Stores are often forgotten and the seeds germinate.

Geoffrey’s ground squirrels serve as a host to ticks. It has also been discovered that Xerus erythropus are susceptible to trypanosomes in the blood and can carry rabies.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; creates habitat

Mutualist Species:

  • Xerus inauris
  • Suricata
  • Cynictis
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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits

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Geoffrey’s ground squirrels make good pets. They tame readily and are often kept in houses, analogous to house cats in South Africa. In some parts of Africa Xerus erythropus are hunted for their meat.

Positive Impacts: pet trade ; food

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior

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Vocalizations are an important form of communication. Squeaking and chirping indicate pleasure, protest and distress. A higher pitched chirping or chattering may suggest threats of higher alarm. Mating males and females communicate with one another through olfaction/phermones as well as vocalizations. Geoffrey’s ground squirrels have facial scent glands with which they mark their territory and their food.

Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Conservation Status

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No special status was found for Xerus erythropus.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits

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Farmers often try to protect their crops, such as yams, from Xerus erythropus. Open agricultural fields of roots and tubers are an extensive feeding ground for Geoffrey’s ground squirrels causing them to be classified as pests by farmers. As previously mentioned, Geoffrey's ground squirrels can be infected with trypanosomes and rabies.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (causes disease in humans , carries human disease); crop pest; causes or carries domestic animal disease

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction

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Xerus erythropus live in social colonies. Within these colonies there are several females; males travel between colonies. Chirping and chattering vocalizatins are used by males to attract a mate. Defending mates is unknown in this species; most likely there is no defense of mates due to the fact that males never stay in one social colony for an extended period of time.

Mating System: polygynous

Breeding occurs year round, but is synchronized among the females of one particular social group. Gestation of Xerus erythropus is 64 to 78 days. The average litter number is about three young. Geoffroy’s ground squirrels have a high rate of litter loss with some 70% of all pregnancies failing to produce a litter. It is unknown when weaning occurs, but sexual maturity is attained at about one year.

Breeding interval: Female Xerus erthyropus breed once yearly.

Breeding season: Mating occurs throughout the year, but is often coordinated within social groups.

Range number of offspring: 2 to 6.

Average number of offspring: 3.

Range gestation period: 64 to 78 days.

Average time to independence: 1 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Average number of offspring: 3.5.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
365 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
365 days.

Young are cared for by the female. Males do not invest time in parental care because it is uncertain which young are genetically related to them. The females in social groups dig elaborate burrows for raising young. A burrow for young consists of a nesting area with soft, dried grasses and several emergency exits. These burrows are usually deeper than standard burrows. Females protect their burrows aggressively. They provide food for their young and often instruct the young in collecting food and avoiding predators. Time to weaning is unknown, but at about 1 year both male and female young become independent and sexually mature.

Parental Investment: precocial ; female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); post-independence association with parents; inherits maternal/paternal territory

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Carter, K. 2004. "Xerus erythropus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Xerus_erythropus.html
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Kimberlee Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Xerus erythropus ( Asturian )

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Xerus erythropus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Sciuridae.

Distribución xeográfica

Alcuéntrase n'Eritrea, Benín, Burkina Fasu, Camerún, República Centroafricana, Chad, República Democrática d'El Congu, Costa de Marfil, Etiopía, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bisáu, Kenia, Malí, Mauritania, Marruecos, Nixeria, Nixeria, Ruanda, Senegal, Sierra Lleona, Sudán, Tanzania, Togu y Uganda.

Hábitat

El so hábitat natural son: zones tropicales o subtropicales, de montes grebos o los montes tropicales de tierres húmedes d'altitú baxa, sabanes húmedes, tierres de cultivu y plantíos.

Referencies

  1. Grubb, P., Oguge, N. & Ekué, M. R. M. (2008). Xerus erythropus. En: UICN 2008. Llista Roxa d'Especies Amenazaes UICN. Consultáu'l 8 Xineru 2009.
  • Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. Pp. 754-818 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. Y. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Enllaces esternos

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Xerus erythropus: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Xerus erythropus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Sciuridae.

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Esquirol terrestre de Geoffroy ( Catalan; Valencian )

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L'esquirol terrestre de Geoffroy (Xerus erythropus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. Viu al Benín, Burkina Faso, el Camerun, la República Centreafricana, el Txad, el Congo, la República Democràtica del Congo, Costa d'Ivori, Eritrea, Etiòpia, Gàmbia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritània, el Marroc, el Níger, Nigèria, el Senegal, Sierra Leone, el Sudan del Sud, el Sudan, el Togo i Uganda. Ocupa una gran varietat d'hàbitats, des dels boscos secs fins als manglars, passant pels boscos d'aiguamolls. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]

Referències

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  1. Grubb, P.; Oguge, N.; Ekué, M. R. M. Xerus erythropus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 22 octubre 2015.
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Esquirol terrestre de Geoffroy: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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L'esquirol terrestre de Geoffroy (Xerus erythropus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. Viu al Benín, Burkina Faso, el Camerun, la República Centreafricana, el Txad, el Congo, la República Democràtica del Congo, Costa d'Ivori, Eritrea, Etiòpia, Gàmbia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritània, el Marroc, el Níger, Nigèria, el Senegal, Sierra Leone, el Sudan del Sud, el Sudan, el Togo i Uganda. Ocupa una gran varietat d'hàbitats, des dels boscos secs fins als manglars, passant pels boscos d'aiguamolls. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.

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Gestreiftes Borstenhörnchen ( German )

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Das Gestreifte Borstenhörnchen (Xerus erythropus), auch Gestreiftes Erdhörnchen, Tschadziesel-Hörnchen oder West-Hörnchen genannt, ist mit einer Körperlänge von 22 bis 30 Zentimetern und einer Schwanzlänge von 18 bis 27 Zentimetern ein mittelgroßer Vertreter aus der Familie der Hörnchen.

Aussehen

Gestreifte Borstenhörnchen haben eine bräunliche Fellfärbung am Rücken und der Körperseite. Der Bauch ist weiß. Als Besonderheit ist ein dicker länglicher Streifen an der Körperseite, der oben weiß und unten schwarz abgesetzt ist. Sie haben ein sehr glattes, hartes Fell und kaum Unterhaar. Der Kopf ist länglich und eher flach. Der übrige Körper ist schmal und am Rücken gedrungen. Der lange Schwanz ist sehr buschig und sehr stark gefranst. Die Vorder- und Hintergliedmaßen sind sehr kräftig und mit langen Krallen versehen.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Diese Art kommt in Afrika von Marokko bis Kenia und Uganda vor. Sie bewohnt dort die Wald-, Busch- und Savannengebiete.

Lebensweise und Fortpflanzung

Das Gestreifte Borstenhörnchen bewohnt in der Savanne selbst gegrabene unterirdische Bauten mit ein bis zwei Meter langen Tunnelröhren und mehreren Abzweigungen. Die tagaktiven Tiere sammeln in der Umgebung ihrer Behausungen vor allem Pflanzensamen, Knospen, Wurzeln und Beeren. Die sehr geselligen Tiere begrüßen ihre Artgenossen mit „Küssen“ oder Schwanzschlägen. Der lange buschige Schwanz wird von den Tieren – über dem Körper gebogen – als natürlicher Sonnenschirm genutzt. Zu seinen natürlichen Feinden zählen größere Greifvögel, Schlangen, Ichneumons und andere Raubtiere. In den Monaten März und April findet die Paarung statt. Die Tragzeit der Weibchen beträgt ca. 4 Wochen, danach kommen meist 3–4 Junge zur Welt.

Besonderheiten

In manchen Gegenden ihres Verbreitungsgebietes glaubt man, ihr Biss sei giftig, dies rührt jedoch von Streptokokken, welche sich in ihren Speicheldrüsen befinden können und bei Bissen mit übertragen werden können, her.

Gefährdung und Schutzmaßnahmen

Da diese Art weit verbreitet ist und keinerlei konkrete Bedrohungen bekannt sind, wird sie von der IUCN als ungefährdet (Least Concern) eingestuft.

Literatur

  • Das große Weltreich der Tiere Verlag: Planet Media AG, Zug 1992 Seite: 160, 161 ISBN 3-8247-8614-1
  • Tierwelt Afrika in Farbe Verlag: Müller, 1989, Seite: 30
  • Enzyklopädie der Säugetiere Verlag: Weltbild, Augsburg 1999 Seite: 214 ISBN 3-8289-1556-6
  • Enzyklopädie der Säugetiere Verlag: Könnemann 2003 Seite: 601 ISBN 3-89731-928-4

Weblinks

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Gestreiftes Borstenhörnchen: Brief Summary ( German )

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Das Gestreifte Borstenhörnchen (Xerus erythropus), auch Gestreiftes Erdhörnchen, Tschadziesel-Hörnchen oder West-Hörnchen genannt, ist mit einer Körperlänge von 22 bis 30 Zentimetern und einer Schwanzlänge von 18 bis 27 Zentimetern ein mittelgroßer Vertreter aus der Familie der Hörnchen.

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Kurege ( Hausa )

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Kurege Xerus erythropus

Kurege (Xerus erythropus)

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Streekt grûniikhoarntsje ( Western Frisian )

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It streekte grûniikhoarntsje (Latynske namme: Xerus erythropus), ek wol it Afrikaanske grûniikhoarntsje neamd, is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae) en it skaai fan 'e Afrikaanske grûniikhoarntsjes (Xerus). Dêrbinnen foarmet dizze soarte it monotypyske (út ien soarte besteande) ûnderskaai fan 'e streekte grûniikhoarntsjes (Euxerus). Dit bist waard foar it earst wittenskiplik beskreaun yn 1803, troch Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, mar om't dy syn publikaasje frijwol net mear te besetten is, wurdt it streekte grûniikhoarntsje hjoed de dei faken taskreaun oan Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest, dy't yn 1817 in nije beskriuwing útbrocht.

Fersprieding en biotoop

Streekte grûniikhoarntsjes libje yn it diel fan Afrika dat ynklamme leit tusken de Sahara yn it noarden en it tropysk reinwâld yn it suden. Se komme foar fan 'e Atlantyske kust yn westlik Mauretaanje oant Etioopje en Kenia yn it easten (al ûntbrekke se yn 'e Etiopyske Ogadenwoastyn en yn Somaalje. Dêrby bewenje se iepen wâldlân, kapflakten en savannes, gauris deunby lânbougebieten. Oan 'e grins fan har areaal komme se ek foar yn steppes en healwoastinen. Fossilen dy't oan it streekte grûniikhoarntsje taskreaun binne, datearje út it Plioseen fan Jeropa.

Uterlike skaaimerken

It streekte grûniikhoarntsje hat trochinoar in kop-romplingte fan 22-29 sm, mei in sturtlingte fan 19-26 sm en in gewicht fan ½-1 kg. De pels bestiet út koarte, boarstelige hierren, dy't oer it grutste part fan har liif bêzje-eftich oant dûnkerbrún binne. De bealch is lykwols witich en suver keal. In smelle streek sniewyt hier rint oer fangen, en dat is wêr't streekte grûniikhoarntsjes har namme oan tankje. It hier fan 'e sturt is folle langer as dat op 'e romp, sij it net sa lang as by beamiikhoarntsjes. Likegoed kin fan in plomsturt sprutsen wurde. De earen binne lyts en de snút is smel en spits. Oan 'e poaten sitte lange, rjochte klauwen. Streekte grûniikhoarntsjes lykje sterk op Kaapske grûniikhoarntsjes en berchgrûniikhoarntsjes, mar behalven dat se yn in hiel oar diel fan Afrika foarkomme, kinne se fan dy soarten ek ûnderskaat wurde trochdat de wyfkes fan it streekte grûniikhoarntsje trije pear oeren hat ynstee fan twa pear.

Hâlden en dragen

Streekte grûniikhoarntsjes binne herbivoaren dy't allinnich oerdeis yn 't spier binne. Se bringe suver har hiele libben yn hoalen ûnder de grûn troch, al binne se der neat te skruten foar om yn strewellen te klimmen om in itensboarne te berikken. Se frette alderhanne sieden, nuten en woartels, wêrûnder ek dy fan lânbougewaaksen as kassaves, jams, swiete jirpels, pinda's en katoen. Soms folje se har dieet oan mei ynsekten en fûgelaaien. Se foerazjearje yn in wengebiet dat, yn it drûge terrein dat karakteristyk foar streekte grûniikhoarntsjes is, sa'n 12 ha beslacht, al oerlaapje de sokke wengebieten inoar gauris. Hoewol't se har territoarium ôfsette mei geurflaggen, lykje se it net tsjin ynkringers te ferdigenjen.

De nacht bringe streekte grûniikhoarntsjes troch yn har hoale, dy't se sels grave mei har grutte klauwen. Soms slane se dêr ek itensfoarrieden yn op, al wurde dy faker op in ôfstân fan 'e hoale weibrocht op in sideplak, lykas ûnder guon stiennen of deade blêden. It streekte grûniikhoarntsje libbet solitêr of soms yn pearkes, en begroetet soartgenoaten troch inoar mei de noazen tsjininoar oan te besnuffeljen. Hy beweecht him fuort op in huppende wize, wêrby't er geregeldwei hohâldt om syn om-en-by yn 'e rekken te hâlden. Syn sturt hâldt er nei efteren ta as er beweecht en omheech as er stilhâldt, en as er kjel wurdt, makket er him grou sa't katten dat ek dogge. Yn 'e peartiid sit it mantsje it wyfke nei, en in smeet bestiet yn 'e regel út 2-6 jongen. Yn finzenskip kinne streekte grûniikhoarntsjes seis jier wurde. Har natuerlike fijannen binne de serval, jakhalzen en ferskate rôffûgel- en slangesoarten.

Status

It streekte grûniikhoarntsje hat de IUCN-status fan "net bedrige", om't er yn syn natuerlike ferspriedingsgebiet noch rûnom foarkomt en om't de populaasje stabyl liket te wêzen. Foar Afrikaanske boeren kin er in pleachdier wêze, mei't er gauris lânbougewaaksen lykas kassaves, jams, pinda's en swiete jirpels oanfret.

Undersoarten

Der binne seis erkende ûndersoarten fan it streekte grûniikhoarntsje:

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

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Streekt grûniikhoarntsje: Brief Summary ( Western Frisian )

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It streekte grûniikhoarntsje (Latynske namme: Xerus erythropus), ek wol it Afrikaanske grûniikhoarntsje neamd, is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae) en it skaai fan 'e Afrikaanske grûniikhoarntsjes (Xerus). Dêrbinnen foarmet dizze soarte it monotypyske (út ien soarte besteande) ûnderskaai fan 'e streekte grûniikhoarntsjes (Euxerus). Dit bist waard foar it earst wittenskiplik beskreaun yn 1803, troch Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, mar om't dy syn publikaasje frijwol net mear te besetten is, wurdt it streekte grûniikhoarntsje hjoed de dei faken taskreaun oan Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest, dy't yn 1817 in nije beskriuwing útbrocht.

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Euxerus erythropus

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The striped ground squirrel (Euxerus erythropus) is a species of squirrel native to Africa. It was first described by Geoffroy in 1803,[1][3] but the original publication may be unavailable, so that the binomial authority is today more often cited as "Desmarest, 1817".[2] There are six subspecies. It is a moderately large ground squirrel with sandy-brown or dark-brown fur with a white lateral stripe and whitish underparts. Adults live alone or in pairs in a simple burrow with a central nest, foraging, mostly on the ground, for seeds, nuts and roots, and caching excess food under stones. This is a common species with a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Description

Striped ground squirrels are moderately large ground squirrels, ranging from 22 to 29 centimetres (8.7 to 11.4 in) in length, with a tail that, at 19 to 26 centimetres (7.5 to 10.2 in), is nearly as long as the body. Adults weigh between 0.5 and 1 kilogram (1.1 and 2.2 lb). They have a coat of short, bristly fur, and are pale sandy to dark brown across most of the body, with whitish, nearly hairless, underparts. A narrow stripe of pure white fur runs down the flanks from the shoulders to the hips. The tail has hairs much longer than those on the body, which fan out to the sides, and are multi-coloured along their length, presenting a grizzled appearance. The ears are small, and the muzzle long, with a projecting, almost pointed, nose. The limbs are pale, with large feet and long, straight, claws. They can be distinguished from the otherwise similar Cape and mountain ground squirrels by the fact that female striped ground squirrels possess three pairs of teats, rather than just two.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Striped ground squirrels are found across Africa south of the Sahara and north of the tropical rainforest. They are found from the Atlantic coast in the west to Ethiopia and Kenya in the east, being absent in the Horn of Africa. They inhabit open or disturbed forests and savannah country, often near cultivated land, and, at the extremes of their range, coastal scrubland and semidesert regions.[2][4] Fossils attributed to the species have been identified from Pliocene Ethiopia.[3]

Six subspecies are currently recognised:[3]

  • Euxerus erythropus erythropus - West Africa, from Mauritania to the Central African Republic, small relict population in Souss plains of Morocco
  • E. e. chadensis - eastern Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon, southern Chad, and central western Sudan
  • E. e. lacustris - northern Congo
  • E. e. leucombrinus - eastern Uganda, southeastern Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and northern Kenya
  • E. e. limitaneus - southwestern Sudan, and neighbouring parts of Chad and the Central African Republic
  • E. e. microdon - southern Kenya

Biology and behaviour

Striped ground squirrels are diurnal herbivores, and spend almost their entire lives on the ground, although are capable of climbing into bushes to reach food. They eat a range of seeds, nuts, and roots, and can be an agricultural pest, eating crops such as cassava, yams, cotton bolls, peanuts, and sweet potatoes.[4] They may occasionally supplement their diet with eggs, insects, and other small animals. Their predators include servals, jackals, birds of prey, and common puff adders.[3]

They forage throughout home ranges of about 12 hectares (30 acres) in semi-arid terrain, but their ranges overlap and they make frequent forays into surrounding areas in search of food. They mark their territories using scent glands on their cheeks, which they rub onto stones and tree trunks, although they do not appear to defend them from intruders.[4]

The squirrels spend the night in burrows, which they dig with their large claws. Their burrows are usually simple in structure, with a central nest less than a metre below the surface, a single entrance tunnel, and a few blind-ending tunnels that almost reach the surface. The latter are used as escape routes, allowing the squirrel to rapidly break through to the surface; the main entrance tunnel is often also blocked with a temporary pile of dirt at night.[4] Burrows may also contain caches of food, although these are more commonly located some distance away and concealed beneath stones or dead leaves. They also bury their urine, but not their dung.[3]

Striped ground squirrels live alone, or in pairs, and greet other members of their species by sniffing each other nose-to-nose. They move with a jumping gait, frequently pausing to sniff or look around, and making longer leaps when they need to move more quickly. They normally hold their tail horizontally when moving, or upright when still, and can fluff it up into a "bottle-brush" when alarmed. They can make a chattering sound, similar to that of other squirrels.[3]

Courtship consists of chasing behaviour, and litters are of two to six young. They can live for up to six years in captivity.[3]

Status

The striped ground squirrel is a common species throughout most of its wide range. It is an adaptable species and no particular threats have been identified, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c d Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Xerus erythropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23144A115167168. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T23144A22253140.en. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Herron, M.D. & Waterman, J.M. (2004). "Xerus erythropus". Mammalian Species. 748: Number 748: pp. 1–4. doi:10.1644/748.
  4. ^ a b c d Linn, I. & Key, G. (1996). "Use of space by the African striped ground squirrel Xerus erythropus". Mammal Review. 26 (1): 9–26. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1996.tb00144.x.
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Euxerus erythropus: Brief Summary

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The striped ground squirrel (Euxerus erythropus) is a species of squirrel native to Africa. It was first described by Geoffroy in 1803, but the original publication may be unavailable, so that the binomial authority is today more often cited as "Desmarest, 1817". There are six subspecies. It is a moderately large ground squirrel with sandy-brown or dark-brown fur with a white lateral stripe and whitish underparts. Adults live alone or in pairs in a simple burrow with a central nest, foraging, mostly on the ground, for seeds, nuts and roots, and caching excess food under stones. This is a common species with a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

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Xerus erythropus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Xerus erythropus es una especie de roedor de la familia Sciuridae.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentran en Benín, Burkina Faso, Camerún, República Centroafricana, Chad, República Democrática del Congo, Costa de Marfil, Eritrea, Etiopía, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenia, Malí, Mauritania, Marruecos, Nigeria, Ruanda, Senegal, Sierra Leona, Sudán, Tanzania, Togo y Uganda.

Hábitat

Su hábitat natural son: zonas tropicales o subtropicales, de bosques áridos o los bosques tropicales de tierras húmedas de altitud baja, sabanas húmedas, tierras de cultivo y plantaciones.

Referencias

  1. Grubb, P., Oguge, N. & Ekué, M. R. M. (2008). «Xerus erythropus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2009.
  • Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. Pp. 754-818 in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

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Xerus erythropus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Xerus erythropus es una especie de roedor de la familia Sciuridae.

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Xerus erythropus ( Basque )

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Xerus erythropus Xerus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. E. Geoffroy (1803) Sciuridae In Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Xerus erythropus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Xerus erythropus Xerus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Lännensavanniorava ( Finnish )

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Lännensavanniorava eli geoffreynsavanniorava[2] (Xerus erythropus) on oravien heimoon kuuluva jyrsijälaji.

Tuntomerkit

Lännensavannioravan turkki on väritykseltään hiekanvärinen, jossa on vaaleita raitoja.[3] Täysikokoisen ruumis on noin 31 cm pitkä ja sen tiheäkarvainen tummanruskea häntä on 28 cm. Nuorilla lännensavannioravilla hännän päässä on vaalea täplä. Oravan massa on 350-650 g.[4]

Levinneisyys ja elinympäristö

Lännensavannioraan levinneisyys ulottuu Länsi-Afrikasta itään Keniaan saakka.[4] Laji viihtyy avoimella metsämaalla ja savanneilla, mutta sitä esiintyy myös Saharan ja sademetsien reunoilla.[3]

Lähteet

  1. Grubb, P., Oguge, N. & Ekué, M.R.M.: Xerus erythropus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 30.6.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Nurminen, Matti (toim.): Maailman eläimet: Nisäkkäät 2. (Englanninkielinen alkuteos The Encyclopedia of Mammals 2, sarjassa World of animals). Helsinki: Tammi, 1987. ISBN 951-30-6531-6.
  3. a b Jonathan Kingdon: East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 2, Part B, s. 441. University of Chicago Press, 1984. ISBN 9780226437200. (englanniksi)
  4. a b Jiří Gaisler ja Jan Zejda: Suuri eläinkirja, s. 300. suom. Mattias Toivanen, Jere Malinen ja Ismo Nuuja. WSOY, 1995. ISBN 951-0-22848-6.
Tämä nisäkkäisiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Lännensavanniorava: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Lännensavanniorava eli geoffreynsavanniorava (Xerus erythropus) on oravien heimoon kuuluva jyrsijälaji.

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Xerus erythropus ( French )

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Xerus erythropus, également appelé Écureuil fouisseur ou Rat palmiste, est un rongeur de la famille des sciuridés, proche des écureuils communs.

Il est craint des indigènes qui prétendent que sa morsure est venimeuse, bien que ce ne soit pas le cas mais sa salive contient des streptocoques qui peuvent provoquer de dangereuses infections.

Mœurs : il vit en colonies souvent avec d'autres rongeurs. Il cherche sa nourriture au lever du jour. Cet animal fouisseur ne s'éloigne jamais beaucoup de son terrier.

Description

Xerus erythropus mesure de 30 à 40 cm de long pour un poids de 500 g à 1 kg. Son pelage varie du brun clair au brun sombre en fonction des régions. Une bande blanche, allant de l'épaule à la croupe, parcours ses flancs. Le poil est court et épais sur tout le corps sauf la queue. Il possède de petites oreilles et un long museau. Deux lignes blanches encadrent ses yeux[1].

Répartition et habitat

Cette espèce est présente au Maroc, au Sénégal, en Guinée-Bissau, en Guinée, au Sierra Leone, au Liberia, en Côte d'Ivoire, au Mali, au Burkina Faso, au Ghana, au Togo, au Bénin, au Niger, au Nigeria, au Cameroun, au Tchad, en République centrafricaine, au Soudan, au Soudan du Sud, en République du Congo, en RD Congo, en Érythrée en Éthiopie, en Ouganda et au Kenya[2].

On le trouve typiquement dans les zones boisées ouvertes, mais il peut également vivre dans les forêts et les semi-déserts[1].

Mode de vie

Xerus erythropus est terrestre, ses griffes droites sont plus adaptées pour creuser que pour grimper aux arbres. Il est strictement diurne. Ses terriers sont peu profonds, ils consistent en une chambre principale avec plusieurs entrées. Le sol est tapissé d'herbes sèches et de brindilles. Les entrées peuvent être fermés avec de la terre à la tombée de la nuit[1].

Alimentation

Il se nourrit principalement de racines, de graines, de fruits tombés et de fruits à coque. Il consomme occasionnellement des insectes, des œufs, des petits oiseaux et reptiles[1].

Il lui arrive de s'attaquer aux cultures pour se nourrir. Il se nourrit notamment de maïs, de cacahuètes, d'ignames, de patates douces et de manioc[1].

Notes et références

  1. a b c d et e (en) Matthew D. Herron et Jane M. Waterman, « Xerus erythropus », Mammalian Species, no 748,‎ 2004, p. 1-4 (DOI , lire en ligne)
  2. UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe

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Xerus erythropus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Xerus erythropus, également appelé Écureuil fouisseur ou Rat palmiste, est un rongeur de la famille des sciuridés, proche des écureuils communs.

Il est craint des indigènes qui prétendent que sa morsure est venimeuse, bien que ce ne soit pas le cas mais sa salive contient des streptocoques qui peuvent provoquer de dangereuses infections.

Mœurs : il vit en colonies souvent avec d'autres rongeurs. Il cherche sa nourriture au lever du jour. Cet animal fouisseur ne s'éloigne jamais beaucoup de son terrier.

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Afrikaanse grondeekhoorn ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Afrikaanse grondeekhoorn of gestreepte grondeekhoorn (Xerus erythropus) is een op de grond levende eekhoornsoort uit West-, Noordcentraal- en Noordoost-Afrika.

Kenmerken

De Afrikaanse grondeekhoorn is groter dan de verwante ongestreepte grondeekhoorn (Xerus rutilus). Hij heeft een peper-en-zoute, zandkleurig bruine vacht aan de bovenzijde, en een wittig grijze vacht aan de onderzijde. Dieren in vochtigere streken hebben een donkerdere vacht. De snuit is lang en stomp. De grijzig bruine pluimstaart is net zo lang als de rest van het lichaam. Over beide flanken loopt een enkele, korte witte streep. Aan de poten zitten lange klauwen om mee te graven. De Afrikaanse grondeekhoorn heeft een kop-romplengte van 30 tot 46 centimeter, een staartlengte van 18,5 tot 27 centimeter en een lichaamsgewicht van 500 tot 1000 gram.

Leefwijze

De soort graaft meestal zijn eigen hol, maar hij kan ook een aangepast termietenheuvel of een natuurlijke hol tussen de rotsen of boomwortels betrekken. Hij leeft van plantenwortels, graszaden, gevallen vruchten, zaden, noten, de peulen van acacia's, bladeren en dierlijk materiaal. De gestreepte grondeekhoorn legt soms voedselvoorraden aan in een hol of een rotsspleet.

Verspreiding

De Afrikaanse grondeekhoorn is een algemene, wijdverbreide soort. Hij leeft in open bosgebieden en rotsachtige streken. Ook in landbouwgebieden komt deze eekhoorn voor. Zijn verspreidingsgebied strekt zich uit van Mauritanië en Sierra Leone, via de Sahel en de noordelijke savannes oostwaarts tot het westen van Ethiopië en Kenia. In Oost-Afrika komt de soort samen voor met de ongestreepte eekhoorn. De gestreepte grondeekhoorn leeft dan in meer vochtigere streken.

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Afrikaanse grondeekhoorn: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Afrikaanse grondeekhoorn of gestreepte grondeekhoorn (Xerus erythropus) is een op de grond levende eekhoornsoort uit West-, Noordcentraal- en Noordoost-Afrika.

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Afrowiórka pręgowana ( Polish )

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Afrowiórka pręgowana[2], dawniej: wiewiórka ziemna[3] (Xerus erythropus) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny wiewiórkowatych[4].

Systematyka

W skład gatunku X. erythropus wchodzi sześć podgatunków[4]:

  • X. (Euxerus) erythropus erythropus
  • X. (Euxerus) erythropus chadensis
  • X. (Euxerus) erythropus lacustris
  • X. (Euxerus) erythropus leucoumbrinus
  • X. (Euxerus) erythropus limitaneus
  • X. (Euxerus) erythropus microdon

Średnie wymiary

  • Długość ciała - 22-30 cm
  • Długość ogona - 18-27 cm

Występowanie

Występuje w lasach, buszu i sawannach Afryki, od Maroka do Kenii.

Tryb życia

Afrowiórka pręgowana bardzo przypomina ubarwieniem pręgowca amerykańskiego, lecz w przeciwieństwie do niego jej twarda, gładka sierść jest niemal zupełnie pozbawiona włosów wełniastych. Wiewiórka ziemna żyje w rozległych systemach nor, które kopie silnymi przednimi kończynami. Bez lęku żeruje w ciągu dnia, zjadając nasiona, jagody i młode pędy. Wiewiórki te tworzą grupy, których członkowie pozdrawiają się przelotnym "pocałunkiem" i fantazyjnym uderzeniem ogonem. W niektórych okolicach występowania tej wiewiórki tubylcy wierzą, że jej ukąszenie jest jadowite. W rzeczywistości tak nie jest, jednak w gruczołach ślinowych tego zwierzęcia znajdują się paciorkowce (streptokoki) powodujące sepsę.

Rozmnażanie

Okres godowy tego gatunku przypada na marzec lub kwiecień. Po ciąży trwającej około 4 tygodni samica rodzi 3 lub 4 młode.

Przypisy

  1. Xerus erythropus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  2. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  3. Zygmunt Kraczkiewicz: SSAKI. Wrocław: Polskie Towarzystwo Zoologiczne - Komisja Nazewnictwa Zwierząt Kręgowych, 1968, s. 81, seria: Polskie nazewnictwo zoologiczne.
  4. a b Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Xerus (Euxerus) erythropus. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 4 maja 2012]
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Afrowiórka pręgowana: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Afrowiórka pręgowana, dawniej: wiewiórka ziemna (Xerus erythropus) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny wiewiórkowatych.

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Västafrikansk jordekorre ( Swedish )

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Västafrikansk jordekorre (Xerus erythropus[2][3][4]) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest 1817. Xerus erythropus ingår i släktet Xerus och familjen ekorrar.[5][6]

Taxonomi

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[5] Wilson & Reeder skiljer däremot mellan 6 underarter:[3]

  • X. erythropus erythropus
  • X. erythropus chadensis
  • X. erythropus lacustris
  • X. erythropus leucoumbrinus
  • X. erythropus limitaneus
  • X. erythropus microdon

Utbredning och habitat

Denna jordekorre förekommer i centrala Afrika. Utbredningsområdets norra gräns bildar ungefär en linje mellan centrala Mauretanien och norra Eritrea. Södra gränsen sträcker sig från centrala Kongo-Brazzaville till centrala Kenya och sedan norrut till östra Eritrea. Arten förekommer i nästan alla habitat som finns i utbredningsområdet. Den är vanlig i odlade områden.[1]

Utseende

Arten blir 20 till 46 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 18 till 27,5 cm lång svans och väger 300 till 945 g. Den ganska styva pälsens färg varierar mellan brunaktig, rödgrå och gulgrå och är oftast anpassad till jordens färg i levnadsområdet. På varje kroppssida förekommer två längsgående strimmor, en i vit och en mörk strimma. Västafrikansk jordekorre har en något avplattad svans som är lite mörkare än andra kroppsdelar. Artens fötter är utrustade med långa klor men de saknar hår på fotsulan.[7]

Ekologi

Honor och deras ungar bildar flockar som vanligen har 6 till 10 medlemmar, som mest upp till omkring 30 individer. När honorna löper ingår även vuxna hanar i flocken. Reviret för ensamlevande hanar är cirka 7 hektar stort. Individerna är aktiva på dagen men de vilar under dagens hetaste timmar i skuggan. De gräver tunnelsystem som ofta delas med andra underjordiskt levande djur. Boet där ungarna föds och uppfostras är djupare än bon som används för andra ändamål. Arten är allätare och äter bland annat nedfallna frukter, nötter, frön och rötter samt fågelägg eller insekter och andra ryggradslösa djur. När den västafrikanska jordekorren äter sitter den vanligen upprätt för att ha bättre översikt.[7]

Vanligen riktas svansen bakåt och den når marken med spetsen. En individ som har upptäckt något ovanligt håller svansen över kroppen och viftar med den. När den känner sig hotad springer den iväg med svansen parallell med kroppen.[7]

Alla honor som tillhör samma flock blir parningsberedda med jämna mellanrum, fördelade över hela året. Dräktigheten varar 64 till 78 dagar och sedan föds ungefär tre ungar. Många ungar är dödfödda och bara 30 procent av de befruktade äggen resulterar i levande ungar. Cirka ett år efter födelsen blir ungarna självständiga och könsmogna. De flesta individer lever inte länge på grund av att de faller offer för manguster eller för andra predatorer. Den västafrikanska jordekorren kan leva upp till två år i naturen. Individer i fångenskap blir upp till 6 år gamla.[7]

Status

Västafrikansk jordekorre jagas i vissa regioner för köttets skull och i Benin uppföds den som matkälla. Ibland betraktas arten som skadedjur och den bekämpas då av bönder. Trots detta är den inte hotad i beståndet. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Xerus erythropus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 12 januari 2016.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ [a b] (2005) , website Xerus erythropus, Mammal Species of the World Läst 12 januari 2016
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  5. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2015). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Leiden, Naturalis, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/search/all/key/xerus+erythropus/match/1. Läst 12 januari 2016.
  6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  7. ^ [a b c d] K. Carter (27 april 2004). ”Striped ground squirrel” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Xerus_erythropus/. Läst 12 januari 2016.

Externa länkar

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Västafrikansk jordekorre: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Västafrikansk jordekorre (Xerus erythropus) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest 1817. Xerus erythropus ingår i släktet Xerus och familjen ekorrar.

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Ксерус смугастий ( Ukrainian )

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Поширення

Країни поширення: Бенін, Буркіна-Фасо, Камерун, Центральноафриканська Республіка, Чад, Конго, Демократична Республіка Конго, Кот-д'Івуар, Еритрея, Ефіопія, Гамбія, Гана, Гвінея, Гвінея-Бісау, Кенія, Малі, Мавританії, Марокко, Нігер, Нігерія, Сенегал, Сьєрра-Леоне, Судан, Того, Уганда. Записані до 2450 м. Широкий діапазон проживання: ліси (хоча частіше вторинні ліси, ніж первинні), болотні ліси, мангрові зарості й сухі рідколісні утворення.

Опис

Голова й тіло довжиною від 30 до 46 см, довжина хвоста від 18,5 до 27 см, а вага тіла від 500 до 1000 грамів. Піщано-коричневе хутро зверху, білувато-сіре хутро знизу. З обох сторін є одна коротка біла смуга. Хвіст сіро-коричневий, пухнастий. Писок довгий і тупий. На ногах довгі кігті для риття.

Поведінка

Зазвичай риє свою нору, але може використовувати термітники або природні улоговини між скелями або заглибини під корінням дерев. Споживає корені рослин, опалі плоди, насіння, горіхи, стручки з акації та тваринний матеріал.

Джерела

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Xerus erythropus ( Vietnamese )

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Xerus erythropus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1803.[2] Chúng được tìm thấy ở Châu Phi.

Phân loài

Loài này có 6 phân loài được công nhận:

  • Xerus erythropus erythropus
  • Xerus erythropus chadensis
  • Xerus erythropus lacustris
  • Xerus erythropus leucoumbrinus
  • Xerus erythropus limitaneus
  • Xerus erythropus microdon

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Grubb, P., Oguge, N. & Ekué, M. R. M. (2008). Xerus erythropus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Xerus erythropus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

  • Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. pp. 754–818 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  •  src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Xerus erythropus tại Wikimedia Commons


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Xerus erythropus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Xerus erythropus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1803. Chúng được tìm thấy ở Châu Phi.

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Полосатая земляная белка ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Латинское название Xerus erythropus (Desmarest, 1817)

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[{{fullurl:wikispecies:{{{wikispecies}}}|uselang=ru}} Систематика
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ITIS 632483 NCBI 327507 Охранный статус
Status iucn3.1 LC ru.svg
Вызывающие наименьшие опасения
IUCN 3.1 Least Concern: 23144

Полосатая земляная белка[1] (лат. Xerus erythropus) — грызун рода африканских земляных белок (Xerus).

Вид широко распространён в Африке Марокко до Кении и Уганды. Обитает в лесах, чаще во вторичных, саваннах, мангровых зарослях и буше на высоте до 2450 м над уровнем моря.

Тело длиной от 22 до 29 см, длина хвоста от 18 до 27 см, вес тела от 500 до 1000 граммов. Мех очень гладкий, жёсткий, без подшёрстка. Окраска меха сверху песчано-коричневого, а снизу беловато-серого цвета. С обеих сторон имеется одна короткая белая полоса. Хвост серо-коричневый, пушистый. Морда удлинённая и плоская. Сильные ноги имеют длинные когти для рытья.

Обычно роет свою нору длиной до двух метров с множеством ответвлений, но может использовать термитники или природные котловины между скалами или углубления под корнями деревьев. Активна днём. Питается корнями растений, опавшими плодами, семенами, орехами, стручками акаций и животной пищей.

Спаривание происходит в марте-апреле. Период беременности длится около 4 недель. Самка рождает 3—4 детёнышей.

Примечания

  1. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 145. — 10 000 экз.
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Полосатая земляная белка: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Полосатая земляная белка (лат. Xerus erythropus) — грызун рода африканских земляных белок (Xerus).

Вид широко распространён в Африке Марокко до Кении и Уганды. Обитает в лесах, чаще во вторичных, саваннах, мангровых зарослях и буше на высоте до 2450 м над уровнем моря.

Тело длиной от 22 до 29 см, длина хвоста от 18 до 27 см, вес тела от 500 до 1000 граммов. Мех очень гладкий, жёсткий, без подшёрстка. Окраска меха сверху песчано-коричневого, а снизу беловато-серого цвета. С обеих сторон имеется одна короткая белая полоса. Хвост серо-коричневый, пушистый. Морда удлинённая и плоская. Сильные ноги имеют длинные когти для рытья.

Обычно роет свою нору длиной до двух метров с множеством ответвлений, но может использовать термитники или природные котловины между скалами или углубления под корнями деревьев. Активна днём. Питается корнями растений, опавшими плодами, семенами, орехами, стручками акаций и животной пищей.

Спаривание происходит в марте-апреле. Период беременности длится около 4 недель. Самка рождает 3—4 детёнышей.

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줄무늬땅다람쥐 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

줄무늬땅다람쥐(Xerus erythropus)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다. 아프리카의 토착종이다. 1803년 에티엔 조프루아 생틸레르가 처음 기술했지만,[2][3] 원래의 출판물을 사용할 수 없기 때문에 현재 학명의 명명자는 1817년 데스마레(Desmarest)가 더 자주 인용된다.[1] 6종의 아종이 알려져 있다. 상당히 큰 다람쥐로 모래빛 갈색 또는 진한 갈색의 털과 길이 방향의 줄무늬를 갖고 있으며, 하체는 희끄무레한 색을 띤다. 성적을 성숙해지면, 단순한 형태의 굴 속에서 혼자 또는 짝을 이뤄 둥지 중앙에서 살며, 땅에서 주로 씨앗이나 견과류, 뿌리 등의 먹이를 구하고 돌 아래에 먹이를 과도하게 감춘다. 흔하게 발견되는 종으로 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 보전등급을 "관심대상종"으로 분류하고 있다.

아종

6종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[3]

각주

  1. “Xerus erythropus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 8일에 확인함.
  2. Thorington, R.W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). 〈Family Sciuridae〉 [다람쥐과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 754–818쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Herron, M.D. & Waterman, J.M. (2004). “Xerus erythropus”. 《Mammalian Species》: Number 748: pp. 1–4. doi:10.1644/748.
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