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Gymnodinium (jim-no-din-ee-um), a so-called typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. The flagella are not evident here, but the grooves are. There is an circumferential groove (the girdle or cingulum) which wraps around the cell, and a longitudinal groove which extends from the point of flagellar insertion towards the back of the cell. This is an autotrophic dinoflagellate with numerous plastids with chlorophylls a and c. Also with an eyespot. Differential interference contrast.
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Gymnodinium (jim-no-din-ee-um), a so-called typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. The flagella are not evident here, but the grooves are. There is an circumferential groove (the girdle or cingulum) which wraps around the cell, and a longitudinal groove which extends from the point of flagellar insertion towards the back of the cell. This is an autotrophic dinoflagellate with numerous plastids with chlorophylls a and c. The nucleus is the granular structure in the lower (hypocone) part of the cell. Differential interference contrast.
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Gymnodinium (jim-no-din-ee-um), a so-called typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. The flagella are not evident here, but one groove -the circumferential groove - is. This is an autotrophic dinoflagellate with numerous plastids with chlorophylls a and c. The nucleus is the granular structure in the upper (epicone) part of the cell. Differential interference contrast.
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Gymnodinium (jim-no-din-ee-um), a so-called typical dinoflagellate. Most dinoflagellates have two flagella and they lie in grooves in the cell surface. The flagella are not evident here, but one groove -the circumferential groove - is., and the second (trailing) flagellum can be seen extending out the back of the cell. This is an autotrophic dinoflagellate with numerous plastids with chlorophylls a and c. Phase contrast.
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Gymnodinium (jim-no-din-ee-um) danicans Campbell 1973. The image shows a cell in ventral view. The red stigma is visible in the sulcal area. The plastids are yellow-brown and multiple.
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Image showing the off green colour of the chloroplasts of this dinoflagellate, the equatorial groove and the longitudinal (trailing) flagellum.
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Dinoflagelate with chloroplasts. There are two flagella, one in the groove that runs around the middle of the body and the second lies in the longitudinal groove and extends behind the swimming cell.
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Differential interference contrast micrograph of a living Gymnodinium showing the radiating strands of the chloroplast.
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Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) is the only genus of naked dinoflagellates found in Lake Kinneret. This genus never forms blooms but occurs quite often in small densities. Like other dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium has 2 unequal flagella, the longitudinal "whiplash" flagellum is seen in this picture, the second, transverse flagellum is hidden in the transverse groove, or cingulum.
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Gymnodinium spec. in dorsal view. Note the helical transverse flagellum running in the cingulum. The nucleus is lying in the cell centre.
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Gymnodinium spec. in mid cell focus showing the central nucleus with nicely visible condensed, rod-shaped chromosomes. The golden-brown chloroplasts are elongated radiating to the cell periphery. Note also the very faint, colorless round cyst around the cell. It is a vegetative division cyst.
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Gymnodinium spec.
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Gymnodinium spec. in ventral view. The sulcus is extending on the episome and the start of the acrobase (apical groove) is visible at the upper cell end.
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Gymnodinium spec. in ventral view. This heterotrophic species has a sulcus extending onto the episome and a nearly circular cingulum (transverse furrow).
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Gymnodinium spec. in dorsal view.
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Gymnodinium spec. in mid cell focus.
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Gymnodinium spec. Two just divided cells in a hyalin division cyst.
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Gymnodinium spec. Two just divided cells in a hyalin division cyst.
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Gymnodinium catenatum (jim-know-din-ee-um) is a chain forming motile species. This chain contains 16 cells, but the chains may be of differing lengths, and other genera may form similar chains. Cells coloured because of presence of chloroplasts. This species produces a toxin that is harmful to humans, and because of the toxicity, correct identification is important and requires expert input which can be obtained from other sites such as
IOC Harmful Algal Bloom Program. Dark ground illumination.
data on this strain.
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Gymnodinium catenatum (jim-know-din-ee-um) is a chain forming motile species associated with the production of toxins. Girdle (equatorial grooves) visible. Because of the toxicity, correct identification is important and needs expert input, which can be obtained from other sites such as
IOC Harmful Algal Bloom Program. Phase contrast microscopy.
data on this strain.
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Gymnodinium catenatum (jim-know-din-ee-um) is a chain forming motile species associated with the production of toxins. This image of the ventral surface of several cells shows the equatorial groove or girdle and longitudinal groove or cingulum. Flagella can also be seen. Because of the toxicity, correct identification is important and needs expert input, which can be obtained from other sites such as
IOC Harmful Algal Bloom Program. Differential interference microscopy.
data on this strain.
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Gymnodinium fuscum,. common freshwater dinoflagellates, with greatly folded radiating plastid, red granules near middle or in posterior half of the cell. With equatorial groove - the cingulum more or less running around the middle of the cell, the longitudinal groove - the sulcus - not strongly developed. This is the type species of the genus Gymnodinium. Differential interference contrast.
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Gymnodinium fuscum,. common freshwater dinoflagellates, with greatly folded radiating plastid, red granules near middle or in posterior half of the cell. This image focusses on the surface to show the equatorial groove - the cingulum, and the longitudinal groove - the sulcus. This is the type species of the genus Gymnodinium. Differential interference contrast.