Habitat
provided by Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
Live symbiotically on scallop shells.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa
- copyright
- Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory
Comprehensive Description
provided by Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
A yellow-brown, purple, or pink sponge that lives on the valves of the scallops Chlamys hastata or Chlamys rubida. Spicules in the sponge include styles 290-360 microns long, palmateanisochelas of 15-40 microns and 60-75 microns, and sigmas 35-65 microns long.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa
- copyright
- Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory
Look Alikes
provided by Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
How to Distinguish from Similar Species: The only other sponge regularly found growing on scallops in this region is Myxilla incrustans, which is bright yellow to brown. M. W. de Laubenfels says that Mycale adhaerens may also be distinguished by comparatively coarser structure and by the fact that, when torn, it reveals prominent fibers thicker than thread, absent in Myxilla.. Lambe also said that the oscula in Mycale adhaerens were much smaller than those in Myxilla encrustans.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa
- copyright
- Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory
Comprehensive Description
provided by Invertebrates of the Salish Sea
Biology/Natural History: Nudibranches which graze on this sponge include Archidoris odhneri and Anisodoris nobilis. The symbiosis is likely mutualistic. If one of the major predators of the scallop, the seastar Evasterias troschelii, encounters the scallop the seastar often turns away if it touches the sponge; likely in response to some secretion or to the spicules from the sponge. The sponge also appears to make it more difficult for the seastar's tube feet to adhere to the scallop. If the sponge is removed from the scallop and the scallop is prevented from swimming, it is readily captured by the seastar. The scallop will also swim from predators of the sponge, such as Archidoris spp, so the sponge is benefited as well. The swimming scallop may also help carry the sponge into areas with clean water and good currents, and help prevent fouling of the sponge. Research by Kirt Onthank and Thomas Ewing at the Walla Walla University Rosario Marine Laboratory indicates that sponge encrustation deters scallop predation by octopus Enteroctopus dofleini and Octopus rubescens, both of which may be important scallop predators in our area.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa
- copyright
- Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory
Mycale adhaerens
provided by wikipedia EN
Mycale adhaerens, the purple scallop sponge, is a species of marine demosponge in the family Mycalidae. Mycale is a large genus and this species is placed in the subgenus Aegogropila making its full name, Mycale (Aegogropila) adhaerens. It grows symbiotically on the valves of scallop shells and is native to the west coast of North America.[1]
Description
Mycale adhaerens forms a thin encrusting layer on the valves of living scallop shells such as Chlamys hastata and Chlamys rubida. It ranges in colour from yellowish-brown through purple to pink. The only other species of sponge growing on the Pacific Coast with which it might be confused is Myxilla incrustans; that species is usually some shade of brown, has a finer, less fibrous structure and has larger oscula.[2]
Ecology
The relationship between the sponge and the scallop on which it lives is mutualistic, each receiving benefits.[3] The scallop is often preyed on by the starfish Evasterias troscheli but when the starfish touches the sponge it tends to move away, either being repelled by some secretion from the sponge or by the spicules present in the sponge's tissue. If the starfish does try to force the scallop's valves apart, the tube feet seem unable to obtain a purchase on the sponge. Quite apart from this, the scallop will often try to escape from the starfish by swimming away, and will also try to evade the nudibranchs Doris odhneri and Peltodoris nobilis which feed on the sponge.[2]
The presence of the sponge also seems to deter the octopuses Enteroctopus dofleini and Octopus rubescens from feeding on the scallop. The sponge may also benefit from the scallop's movements, both by being transported into areas of clean water and by avoiding the accumulation of sediment.[2]
A number of bioactive metabolites have been isolated from the sponge, some with cytotoxic activity.[4] In Hong Kong, Pseudoalteromonas spongiae, a marine bacterium, has been isolated from the surface of the sponge. The significance of this association is unknown.[5]
References
-
^ a b van Soest, Rob (2010). "Mycale (Aegogropila) adhaerens (Lambe, 1893)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
-
^ a b c Cowles, Dave. "Mycale adhaerens (Lambe, 1894)". Invertebrates of the Salish Sea. Walla-Walla University. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
-
^ Bloom, Stephen A. (1975). "The motile escape response of a sessile prey: A sponge-scallop mutualism". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 17 (3): 311–321. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(75)90006-4.
-
^ Fusetani, Nobuhiro; Sugawara, Takeo; Matsunaga, Shigeki; Hirota, Hiroshi (1991). "Bioactive marine metabolites. Part 35. Cytotoxic metabolites of the marine sponge Mycale adhaerens Lambe". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 56 (16): 4971–4974. doi:10.1021/jo00016a031.
-
^ Lau, S.C.K. (2005). "Pseudoalteromonas spongiae sp. nov., a novel member of the Proteobacteria isolated from the sponge Mycale adhaerens in Hong Kong waters". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 55 (4): 1593–1596. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63638-0. PMID 16014487.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Mycale adhaerens: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Mycale adhaerens, the purple scallop sponge, is a species of marine demosponge in the family Mycalidae. Mycale is a large genus and this species is placed in the subgenus Aegogropila making its full name, Mycale (Aegogropila) adhaerens. It grows symbiotically on the valves of scallop shells and is native to the west coast of North America.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
