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Dwarf Live Oak

Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small

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Quercus minima is one of the most distinctive oaks of southeastern United States in morphology, habit, and habitat. It is one of our most strongly rhizomatous species, and it flowers and fruits as early as three years from seed, on vertical stems as small as 0.2-0.3 m. Other related live oaks of Quercus series Virentes (see C. H. Muller 1961) can produce rhizomatous clonal patches as well, but these typically do not bear fruit, are usually associated with large shrub or tree forms, and probably represent response to fire and/or drought conditions. Because of the juvenile phases in other live oaks that may resemble Q . minima , it is necessary to evaluate form and reproductive capacity within populations to identify those species accurately.

Putative hybrid swarms between Quercus minima and Q . chapmanii occur along the eastern side of Florida. These are rhizomatous shrubs with leaves somewhat intermediate between the two parents. The leaves are broadly rounded apically and basally, and sparsely stellate abaxially. The fruit resembles that of Q . minima . Material of such affinity, but with larger nuts (to 25 mm), was the basis for Q . rolfsii Small. More data on variation in cotyledon fusion in the putative hybrid swarms would be useful because Q . minima has connate cotyledons and those of Q . chapmanii are distinct.

Quercus minima has been reported from coastal Texas (C. H. Muller 1970), but that material is probably best referred to Q . fusiformis and possible introgressants from Q . virginiana and Q . oleoides . Typical Q . minima is not known from west of Mississippi. The Texas populations that have been referred here lack leaf dimorphism, leaf shape, and venation of Q . minima . Instead, they seem to be part of an extremely variable complex of erect shrubs, rhizomatous shrubs, and trees that have leaves varying in form between those of Q . fusiformis and Q . oleoides (e.g., the type of Q . oleoides var. quaterna C. H. Muller). If Q . minima occurred on the Texas coast in the past, its presence there has been so diluted by introgression that it is not now recognizable by the very distinctive and reliable characteristics that are used to identify it.

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Description

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Shrubs , subevergreen or evergreen, low, rhizomatous, forming clonal patches of straight, often unbranched stems 0.2-0.7(-2) m. Bark light gray or brown, smooth. Twigs light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous or very finely tomentulose and glabrate in 2d year. Buds dark gray-brown, globose, 0.5-1(-1.5) mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves dimorphic; petiole 1-4(-10) mm. Leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, sometimes orbiculate or lance-ovate, often asymmetric, 40-120 × 20-50 mm proximally on shoots, narrowly elliptic, 20-60 × 5-20 mm distally on shoots, base cuneate, rarely truncate or cordate, margins minutely revolute or flat, coarsely and irregularly 1-5 toothed on each side (proximal leaves of shoots) or entire (distal leaves on shoots), teeth mucronate (rarely spinose in suckers or juveniles), secondary veins obscure, 4-10(-12) on each side, usually 4-6 in proximal leaves, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle 3-30 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, (8-)10-15 mm deep × 6-15 mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, narrowly ovoid or subcylindric, 13-22(-25) × 8-15 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Fla., Ga., Miss., N.C., S.C.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering spring.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Coastal plain, open evergreen woodlands and scrublands on deep sandy soils, often as understory with pines; 0-200m.
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Synonym

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Quercus virginiana Miller var. minima Sargent, Silva 8: 101. 1895; Q. virens var. dentata Chapman; Q. virginiana var. dentata (Chapman) Sargent
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Quercus minima ( Azerbaijani )

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Quercus minima (lat. Quercus minima) - fıstıqkimilər fəsiləsinin palıd cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə

Bu şablona bax Palıd cinsinə aid növlər Q. griseaQ. oblongifoliaQ. acerifoliaQ. acutaQ. acutissimaQ. afaresQ. agrifoliaQ. albaQ. albocintaQ. alienaQ. alnifoliaQ. arizonicaQ. arkansanaQ. aucheriQ. austrinaQ. basaseachicensisQ. benthamiiQ. berberidifoliaQ. bicolorQ. boyntoniiQ. brandegeeiQ. brenesiiQ. brevilobaQ. buckleyiQ. bumelioidesQ. calliprinosQ. canariensisQ. castaneifoliaQ. cedrosensisQ. cerrioidesQ. cerrisQ. chapmaniiQ. chrysolepisQ. coahuilensisQ. cocciferaQ. coccineaQ. convallataQ. conzattiiQ. copeyensisQ. cornelius-mulleriQ. corrugataQ. costaricensisQ. cubanaQ. deliquescensQ. dentataQ. depressaQ. depressipesQ. deviaQ. diversifoliaQ. douglasiiQ. dumosaQ. durataQ. ellipsoidalisQ. emoryiQ. engelmanniiQ. excelsaQ. fagineaQ. falcataQ. flagelliferaQ. frainettoQ. fulvaQ. fusiformisQ. galeanensisQ. gambeliiQ. garryanaQ. georgianaQ. germanaQ. glaucaQ. glaucoidesQ. graciliformisQ. gravesiiQ. gulielmitreleaseiQ. havardiiQ. hemisphaericaQ. hintoniiQ. hintoniorumQ. humboldtiiQ. hypoxanthaQ. ibericaQ. ilexQ. ilicifoliaQ. imbricariaQ. invaginataQ. john-tuckeriQ. kelloggiiQ. laceyiQ. laevisQ. lamellosaQ. laurifoliaQ. libaniQ. liebmanniiQ. lobataQ. lusitanicaQ. lyrataQ. macdonaldiiQ. macdougalliiQ. macrantheraQ. macrocarpaQ. macrolepisQ. marilandicaQ. martineziiQ. michauxiiQ. miquihuanensisQ. mohrianaQ. mongolicaQ. muehlenbergiiQ. myrsinifoliaQ. nigraQ. oglethorpensisQ. oleoidesQ. pacificaQ. pagodaQ. palmeriQ. palustrisQ. peninsularisQ. perpallidaQ. petraeaQ. phellosQ. planipoculaQ. polymorphaQ. ponticaQ. praecoQ. praineanaQ. prinoidesQ. prinusQ. pubescensQ. pungensQ. purulhanaQ. rapurahuensisQ. roburQ. robustaQ. rubraQ. rugosaQ. rysophyllaQ. sadlerianaQ. sebiferaQ. shumardiiQ. skinneriQ. skutchiiQ. stellataQ. suberQ. subspathulataQ. tardifoliaQ. texanaQ. tomentellaQ. tonduziiQ. toumeyiQ. trojanaQ. turbinellaQ. undataQ. uxorisQ. vacciniifoliaQ. variabilisQ. velutinaQ. vincentensisQ. wislizeniQ. xalapensisQ. zempoaltepecanaQ. × alvordiana Inula britannica.jpeg İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin.
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Quercus minima: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijani )

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Quercus minima (lat. Quercus minima) - fıstıqkimilər fəsiləsinin palıd cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Quercus minima ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Quercus minima, o roure nan viu, pertany a la família de les fagàcies. Està dins de la secció dels roures blancs del gènere Quercus.

Descripció

Quercus minima és un tipus de roure de rizomes. El creixement és semblant a un arbust, amb el que comunament es formen extenses colònies clonades. Les fulles són alternes, simples i senceres o amb dents irregulars o lòbuls. Els lòbuls, quan estan presents, solen ser la columna vertebral de punta. Les fulles es mantenen durant tot l'hivern, caient just abans o quan es reprengui el nou creixement a finals de l'hivern o principis de primavera.

Hàbitat

És natiu als estats del sud-est dels Estats Units, des de Louisiana (possiblement a Texas[1]), cap a l'est a Florida i cap al nord, al llarg de la plana costanera de Virgínia[2]

Sinonímia

  • virginiana var. minima Sarg.1895
  • virens var. dentata Chapman 1860
  • virginiana var. dentata (Chapman) Sarg. 1918
  • virginiana ssp dentata (Chapm.) E.Murray 1983
  • virginiana var. pygmaea Sarg. 1918
  • geminata var. reasoneri (Trel.) A.Camus 1939

Referències

  1. «Quercus minima». http://www.efloras.org.+[Consulta: 16 maig 2009].
  2. «Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small dwarf live oak». United States Department of Education. [Consulta: 16 maig 2009].
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Quercus minima: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Quercus minima, o roure nan viu, pertany a la família de les fagàcies. Està dins de la secció dels roures blancs del gènere Quercus.

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Quercus minima ( Cornish )

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Korrlastan
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Del korrlastan

Quercus minima, an Korrlastan, yw ehen a bryskyn bythlas, yn genas Quercus, ow triga yn Amerika Gledh soth-est.

Kathik yw aga bleujyow ha Mes yw aga froeth.

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Quercus minima

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Quercus minima, the dwarf live oak or minimal oak, is a North American species of shrubs in the beech family. It is native to the southeastern United States. It is placed in the southern live oaks section of the genus Quercus (section Virentes).[4]

Quercus minima is an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub rarely more than 2 metres (6+12 feet) tall, reproducing by seed and also by means of underground rhizomes. It commonly forms extensive cloned colonies with many stems, many of them unbranched. The leaves are alternate, up to 12 centimetres (4+12 inches) long, and toothless or with irregular teeth or lobes. The lobes, when present, are usually spine-tipped. The leaves are retained through the winter, dropping just before or as new growth resumes in late winter or early spring.[5]

Quercus minima is native to the coastal plain of the southeastern United States, primarily in Florida but extending from there to the Carolinas and eastern Louisiana.[6] There are reports of the species also growing in Texas, but these populations appear to belong to other taxa.[5][7]

Quercus minima leaves

References

  1. ^ Wenzell , K.; Kenny, L. (2015). "Quercus minima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  2. ^ Small, John Kunkel (1897). "Shrubs and Trees of the Southern States.—II". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 24 (9): 438.
  3. ^ "Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  4. ^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  5. ^ a b Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus minima". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ^ "Quercus minima". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  7. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Quercus minima". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
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Quercus minima: Brief Summary

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Quercus minima, the dwarf live oak or minimal oak, is a North American species of shrubs in the beech family. It is native to the southeastern United States. It is placed in the southern live oaks section of the genus Quercus (section Virentes).

Quercus minima is an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub rarely more than 2 metres (6+1⁄2 feet) tall, reproducing by seed and also by means of underground rhizomes. It commonly forms extensive cloned colonies with many stems, many of them unbranched. The leaves are alternate, up to 12 centimetres (4+1⁄2 inches) long, and toothless or with irregular teeth or lobes. The lobes, when present, are usually spine-tipped. The leaves are retained through the winter, dropping just before or as new growth resumes in late winter or early spring.

Quercus minima is native to the coastal plain of the southeastern United States, primarily in Florida but extending from there to the Carolinas and eastern Louisiana. There are reports of the species also growing in Texas, but these populations appear to belong to other taxa.

Quercus minima leaves
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Quercus minima ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Quercus minima, es una especie arbórea de la familia de las fagáceas. Está clasificada en la Sección Quercus, que son los robles blancos de Europa, Asia y América del Norte. Tienen los estilos cortos; las bellotas maduran en 6 meses y tienen un sabor dulce y ligeramente amargo, el interior de la bellota tiene pelo. Las hojas carecen de una mayoría de cerdas en sus lóbulos, que suelen ser redondeados.

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Quercus minima Hojas

Descripción

Quercus minima, es un árbol rizomatoso. El crecimiento es arbustivo, comúnmente formando extensas colonias clonadas. Las hojas son alternas, simples y enteras o con dientes o lóbulos irregulares. Los lóbulos, cuando están presentes, son por lo general con la columna vertebral en la punta. Las hojas se mantienen durante todo el invierno, cayendo justo antes o cuando el nuevo crecimiento se reanude a finales del invierno o principios de primavera.

Distribución

Es nativa del sureste de Estados Unidos desde Louisiana (posiblemente Tejas[1]​) hacia el este hasta la Florida y hacia el norte a lo largo de la planicie costera de Virginia.[2]

Taxonomía

Quercus minima fue descrita por (Sarg.) Small y publicado en Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 24(9): 438. 1897.[3]

Etimología

Quercus: nombre genérico del latín que designaba igualmente al roble y a la encina.

minima: epíteto latíno que significa "de color gris".[4]

Sinonimia
  • Quercus andromeda f. nana Trel.
  • Quercus geminata var. succulenta (Small) Trel.
  • Quercus pygmaea (Sarg.) Ashe
  • Quercus succulenta Small
  • Quercus virens var. dentata Chapm.
  • Quercus virginiana subsp. dentata (Chapm.) A.E.Murray
  • Quercus virginiana var. dentata (Chapm.) Sarg.
  • Quercus virginiana var. minima Sarg.
  • Quercus virginiana var. pygmaea Sarg.[5][6]

Referencias

  1. «Quercus minima». http://www.efloras.org. Consultado el 16 de mayo de 2009.
  2. «Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small dwarf live oak». United States Department of Education. Consultado el 16 de mayo de 2009.
  3. «Quercus minima». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 12 de julio de 2014.
  4. En Epítetos Botánicos
  5. «Quercus minima». The Plant List. Consultado el 12 de julio de 2014.
  6. «Quercus minima». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 12 de julio de 2014.

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Quercus minima: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Quercus minima, es una especie arbórea de la familia de las fagáceas. Está clasificada en la Sección Quercus, que son los robles blancos de Europa, Asia y América del Norte. Tienen los estilos cortos; las bellotas maduran en 6 meses y tienen un sabor dulce y ligeramente amargo, el interior de la bellota tiene pelo. Las hojas carecen de una mayoría de cerdas en sus lóbulos, que suelen ser redondeados.

 src= Quercus minima Hojas
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Quercus minima ( Polish )

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Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small – gatunek roślin z rodziny bukowatych (Fagaceae Dumort.). Występuje naturalnie w południowych i południowo-wschodnich Stanach Zjednoczonych – w Alabamie, na Florydzie, w Georgii, Luizjanie, Missisipi, Północnej Karolinie oraz Teksasie[3][4][5].

Morfologia

Pokrój
Zimozielony lub częściowo zimozielony krzew. Tworzy kłącza. Kora jest gładka i ma szarą lub czarną barwę[5].
Liście
Blaszka liściowa ma kształt od okrągłego do odwrotnie jajowatego, eliptycznego lub lancetowatego, lecz często są asymetryczne. Mierzy 2–12 cm długości oraz 0,5–5 cm szerokości, jest całobrzega lub ząbkowana na brzegu, ma uciętą, sercowatą lub klinową nasadę i ostry lub zaokrąglony wierzchołek. Ogonek liściowy jest nagi i ma 1–4 mm długości[5].
Owoce
Orzechy zwane żołędziami o kształcie od jajowatego do niemal obłego, dorastają do 13–22 mm długości i 8–15 mm średnicy. Osadzone są pojedynczo w miseczkach w kształcie kubka, które mierzą 10–15 mm długości i 8–15 mm średnicy[5].

Biologia i ekologia

Rośnie w widnych lasach oraz zaroślach, na terenach nizinnych[5].

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 7 lipca 2017].
  2. a b Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small (ang.). The Plant List. [dostęp 7 lipca 2017].
  3. Discover Life: Point Map of Quercus minima (ang.). Encyclopedia of Life. [dostęp 7 lipca 2017].
  4. Comprehensive Report Species - Quercus minima (ang.). NatureServe. [dostęp 7 lipca 2017].
  5. a b c d e Quercus minima (fr.). Plantes & botanique. [dostęp 7 lipca 2017].
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Quercus minima: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small – gatunek roślin z rodziny bukowatych (Fagaceae Dumort.). Występuje naturalnie w południowych i południowo-wschodnich Stanach Zjednoczonych – w Alabamie, na Florydzie, w Georgii, Luizjanie, Missisipi, Północnej Karolinie oraz Teksasie.

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Quercus minima ( Vietnamese )

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Quercus minima là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cử. Loài này được (Sarg.) Small miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1897.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Quercus minima. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Bài viết Họ Cử này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Quercus minima: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Quercus minima là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cử. Loài này được (Sarg.) Small miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1897.

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