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Arctic Marsh Sedge

Carex holostoma Drejer

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Comments

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Carex holostoma has most likely been overlooked and has a more continuous range than indicated.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 23: 402, 407, 408 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Plants loosely cespitose, long-rhizomatous. Culms 10–30 cm, distally finely scabrous. Leaves 1.5–3 mm wide. Inflorescences: proximal bract shorter than or equaling inflorescences; spikes contiguous, overlapping, short-oblong or cylindric, 3–8 × 2–2.5 mm; proximal spikes sometimes erect, distinct, separate, short-pendunculate; lateral 1–2(–3) spikes pistillate, of similar length; terminal spike staminate, spikes can be hidden by larger, overtopping lateral spikes. Pistillate scales dark brown or black, margins hyaline, ovate, shorter or equaling, as broad as perigynia, midvein lighter colored than body, conspicuous, sometimes raised, prominent, mucronate. Perigynia ascending, brown, obscurely veined, elliptic or obovate, 2–2.5 × 1.25–1.75 mm, apex beakless or abruptly beaked, papillose; beak to 0.2 mm, truncate, smooth. Achenes nearly filling body of perigynia. 2n = 60.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 402, 407, 408 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Greenland; Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., Nunavut, Que., Yukon; Alaska; arctic Eurasia.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 402, 407, 408 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Fruiting Jul–Sep.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 402, 407, 408 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Lakeshores, meadows, fens, bogs; 0–500m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 402, 407, 408 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Carex alpina Liljeblad var. holostoma (Drejer) L. H. Bailey
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 402, 407, 408 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Carex holostoma Drejer, Nat. Tidssk. 3: 449. 1841
Carex alpina var. holostoma L. H. Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 76. 1886. (Based on C. holostoma Drejer.)
Loosely cespitose and stoloniferous, the stolons long and conspicuous, slender, horizontal, the culms 1-2 dm. high, central, sharply triangular, somewhat stiffly erect, smooth, shorter than or exceeded by the leaves, phyllopodic, purplish-red-tinged at base, the dried-up leaves of the previous year conspicuous, leaves with well-developed blades 6-10 to a fertile culm, bunched towards the base, not septate-nodulose, the blades 5-20 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, light-green, thin, erect, flat with revolute margins, long-attenuate, little roughened except at apex, the sheaths thin and yellowish-brown-tinged ventrally, concave at mouth, the ligule longer than wide; terminal spike generally staminate, sessile, inconspicuous, overtopped and largely hidden by the contiguous pistillate spikes, linear, 3-8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, fewflowered, the scales ovate or obovate, acute or obtuse, purplish-black with inconspicuous lighter midvein and conspicuously white-hyaline margins above; pistillate spikes 1-3 (usually 2), erect, sessile or short-peduncled, aggregated or the lower more or less remote and more or less strongly peduncled, linear, linear-oblong, or short-oblong, 6-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, closely flowered, the perigynia 10-30, appressed-ascending in several rows; bracts sheathless, black-auricled, the upper reduced and squamiform, that of the remote spike (when present) leaflet-like and shorter or longer than the inflorescence; scales small, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, broadly ovate, broadly obovate, or suborbicular, obtuse or the upper acute, purplish-black with obscure lighter midvein and narrow white-hyaline apex, as wide (at base) but shorter than the mature perigynia; perigynia obovoid, slightly inflated, obtusely suborbicular-triangular in cross-section, 2-2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, membranaceous, densely granular, not serrulate, very obscurely few-nerved, straw-colored below, purplish-black-tinged above, tapering at base, sessile or nearly so, truncately or abruptly contracted into a very minute nearly entire beak 0.1 mm. long; achenes obovoid, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, nearly filling perigynium, triangular with concave sides, granular, yellowish-brown, sessile, abruptly apiculate, jointed with the very short, black, more or less exserted style; stigmas 3, slender, blackish, short.
Type locality: "In locis humidis ad radices montium Groenlandiae occidentalis (69°-71° L. B.) legit J. Vahl." (Fl. Dan. pi. 2428.)
Distribution: Keewatin, West Coast of Greenland between 68° 21' and 70° 20'; extreme northern Norway and Lapland. (Specimens examined from Chesterfield Inlet, Keew r atin, Greenland.)
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bibliographic citation
Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. 1935. (POALES); CYPERACEAE; CARICEAE. North American flora. vol 18(6). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Tundrasara ( Finnish )

provided by wikipedia FI

Tundrasara (Carex holostoma) on sarakasvi. Laji kuuluu Euroopan Unionin luontodirektiivin lajeihin ja on Suomessa rauhoitettu.[2]

Ulkonäkö ja koko

Tundrasara kasvaa 10–20 cm korkeaksi. Kasvin juurakko on suikerteleva. Varren tyvitupet ovat viininpunaisia. Kellertävänvihreät, hyvin kapeat lehdet ovat vartta lyhyempiä. Alimman tähkän äimämäinen tukilehti on tavallisesti kukintoa lyhyempi ja sen tuppi on lyhyt ja tumma. Tiivis kukinto on kolme- tai neljätähkäinen. Tähkät ovat alle sentin pituisia ja hyvin lyhytperäisiä. Hedekukat sijaitsevat latvatähkässä, emikukat alemmissa tähkissä. Latvatähkä on kuitenkin usein piilossa sitä pidempien emitähkien välissä. Tähkäsuomut ovat mustanruskeita ja pullakkoa lyhyempiä. Pullakot ovat noin kaksi milliä pitkiä ja luumunmuotoisia. Tundrasara kukkii heinäkuussa.[3]

Levinneisyys

Euroopassa tundrasaraa tavataan ainoastaan Islannista, Pohjois-Norjasta, -Ruotsista ja -Suomesta sekä Venäjällä Kuolan niemimaalta. Lisäksi lajia tavataan satunnaisesti Itä-Siperiasta, Alaskasta, Pohjois-Kanadasta ja Grönlannista.[4] Suomessa tundrasarasta tunnetaan reilu 110 esiintymää kolmella erillisellä alueella: Kilpisjärven alueella Enontekiöllä, Utsjoella ja Urho Kekkosen kansallispuistossa Sodankylästä.[2][5] Uusimmat löydöt lajista tehtiin vuonna 2010 Mallan luonnonpuistosta.[6]

Elinympäristö

Suomessa tundrasaraa tavataan koivurajan yläpuolella kosteilla tunturiniityillä, ohutturpeisissa kalliosoistumissa sekä sulavesipurojen varsissa.[3] Vaikka laji on Suomessa harvinainen, sen kasvupaikat ovat pääasiassa turvassa niiden syrjäisen sijainnin ja lajin huomaamattomuuden takia.[2]

Lähteet

  • Retkeilykasvio. Toim. Hämet-Ahti, Leena & Suominen, Juha & Ulvinen, Tauno & Uotila, Pertti. Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Kasvimuseo, Helsinki 1998.
  • "Tundrasara yllätti tutkijat Kilpisjärvellä". Helsingin Sanomat, 4.10.2010.
  • Uhanalaiset kasvimme. Toim. Terhi Ryttäri ja Taina Kettunen. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki 1997.

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Ericsson, S., Illarionova, I. & Kemppainen, E.: Carex holostoma IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.2. 2016. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 2.11.2016. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b c Metsähallitus: Tundrasara Viitattu 19.9.2009.
  3. ↑ a b Retkeilykasvio 1998, s. 571.
  4. ↑ Den virtuella floran: Kolstarr (ruots.) Viitattu 19.9.2009
  5. ↑ Lampinen, R. & Lahti, T. 2009: Kasviatlas 2009: Tundrasaran levinneisyys Suomessa. Helsingin Yliopisto, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Kasvimuseo, Helsinki. Viitattu 4.10.2010.
  6. ↑ Helsingin Sanomat, 4.10.1010.

Aiheesta muualla

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Tundrasara: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Tundrasara (Carex holostoma) on sarakasvi. Laji kuuluu Euroopan Unionin luontodirektiivin lajeihin ja on Suomessa rauhoitettu.

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Carex holostoma ( Indonesian )

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Carex holostoma adalah spesies tumbuhan seperti rumput yang tergolong ke dalam famili Cyperaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Carex holostoma sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Carex.[1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Drejer.

Referensi

  1. ^ "Carex". The Plant List. Diakses tanggal 11 Mei 2013.




src= Artikel bertopik tumbuhan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.
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Carex holostoma: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Carex holostoma adalah spesies tumbuhan seperti rumput yang tergolong ke dalam famili Cyperaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Carex holostoma sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Carex. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Drejer.

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Carex holostoma ( Ukrainian )

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Carex holostoma — багаторічна трав'яниста рослина родини Осокові (Cyperaceae), поширена в арктичних регіонах Євразії й Північної Америки.

Опис

Рослини довгокореневищні, утворюють слабкі пучки. Стебла 10–30 см, дистально дрібно шершаві. Листя шириною 1.5–3 мм. Колоски перекриваються, коротко-довгасті або циліндричні, 3–8 × 2–2.5 мм; кінцевий колосок тичинковий. Маточкові луски темно-коричневі або чорні, серединна жилка світліша, поля напівпрозорі, яйцеподібні.

Поширення

Північна Америка: Ґренландія, пн. Канада, Аляска; Азія: Сибір, Далекий Схід; Європа: Фінляндія, Норвегія, Швеція, Росія. Населяє озера, луки, драговини, болота.

Джерела


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Carex holostoma: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Carex holostoma — багаторічна трав'яниста рослина родини Осокові (Cyperaceae), поширена в арктичних регіонах Євразії й Північної Америки.

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Carex holostoma ( Vietnamese )

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Carex holostoma là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cói. Loài này được Drejer mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1841.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). “Carex holostoma”. Truy cập ngày 11 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Carex holostoma: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Carex holostoma là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cói. Loài này được Drejer mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1841.

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