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Clovenfoot Plumegrass

Dichelachne crinita (L. fil.) Hook. fil.

Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, o r scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence a dense slender spike-like panicle or raceme, branches contracted, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets linear, appressed on short pedicels, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemma 1 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn 2-4 cm long or longer, Lemma awn subapical or dorsal, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Callus or base of lemma evidently hairy, Callus hairs shorter than lemma, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea shorter than lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Palea keels winged, scabrous, or ciliate, Stamens 2, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
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Dichelachne crinita

provided by wikipedia EN

Dichelachne crinita , commonly known as the longhair plume grass, is a type of grass found in Australia, New Zealand and islands of the Pacific Ocean. It is often seen on sandy soils near the sea as well as woodlands. The flowering panicles are open and feathery at maturity. The grass may grow up to 1.5 metres (5 ft) tall. Crinita, the specific epithet, is derived from Latin (hairy).[1]

Taxonomy

Carolus Linnaeus the Younger described the longhair plume grass in his Supplementum Plantarum in 1781 as Anthoxanthum crinitum. Crinita is derived from the verb crinio "I cover with hair" and refers to the hairy panicles. Joseph Dalton Hooker gave it its current name in 1853.[2] Longhair plumegrass is the common name in Australia,[3] while clovenfoot plumegrass is a name recorded in America.[4]

Description

The longhair plume grass is a tufted perennial plant which can reach 1.5 m (5 ft) high. The flowers are roughly oblong-shaped or cylindrical panicles and appear in spring.[5]

Distribution and habitat

The longhair plume grass is native to all states of Australia, New Guinea, Norfolk Island, the Kermadec Islands and New Zealand. It is unclear whether it is native or naturalised on Lord Howe Island.[2] It has become naturalised on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands.[6] It grows on sandy or sandstone-based soils.[5]

Within the Sydney region, it is found in grassland to open forest communities, associated with woodland trees such as smooth-barked apple (Angophora costata), Sydney peppermint (Eucalyptus piperita), silvertop ash (E. sieberi) and red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera), in scrub with coastal banksia (Banksia integrifolia) and broad-leaved apple (Angophora subvelutina).[7] It is a component of the Endangered Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub,[8] and shale/sandstone transition forest.[9]

In Victoria it is common near coastal regions and on volcanic plains. [10]

In South Australia, it is associated with such trees as drooping sheoak (Allocasuarina verticillata), pink gum (Eucalyptus fasciculosa), sugar gum (E. cladocalyx), messmate (E. obliqua), and shrubs such as golden wattle (Acacia pycnantha) and peach heath (Lissanthe strigosa).[11]

References

Wikispecies has information related to Dichelachne crinita.
  1. ^ Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, ISBN 9780731812110 page 269
  2. ^ a b "Dichelachne crinita". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
  3. ^ "Dichelachne crinita". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  4. ^ Natural Resources Conservation Service. "Plants Profile - Dichelachne crinita (L. f.) Hook. f. clovenfoot plumegrass". USDA. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  5. ^ a b S. W. L. Jacobs & K. L. McClay. "New South Wales Flora Online: Dichelachne crinita". Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
  6. ^ "Checklist Query Results". Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution. 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  7. ^ Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (2005). "Ecology of Sydney Plant Species Part 10: Monocotyledon families Lemnaceae to Zosteraceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 9 (1): 16–212. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  8. ^ NSW Department of Environment & Heritage (February 2004). "Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub Endangered Ecological Community Recovery Plan" (PDF). Department of Environment & Heritage, New South Wales Government. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  9. ^ NSW Scientific Committee (28 February 2011). "Shale/sandstone transition forest - endangered ecological community listing". Department of Environment & Heritage, New South Wales Government. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  10. ^ Boyce, Lauran (2018). The terrestrial plants of the Rickett's Point Urban Sanctuary : Beaumaris Vic 3193. [Beaumaris, Victoria]. p. 32. ISBN 978-1760019716.
  11. ^ John Peter Jessop; Gilbert Roelof Maria Dashorst; Fiona M. James (2006). Grasses of South Australia: An Illustrated Guide to the Native and Naturalised Species. Wakefield Press. p. 40. ISBN 1862546940.
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Dichelachne crinita: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Dichelachne crinita , commonly known as the longhair plume grass, is a type of grass found in Australia, New Zealand and islands of the Pacific Ocean. It is often seen on sandy soils near the sea as well as woodlands. The flowering panicles are open and feathery at maturity. The grass may grow up to 1.5 metres (5 ft) tall. Crinita, the specific epithet, is derived from Latin (hairy).

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