Pine Muhly

Muhlenbergia firma Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 243. 1896
Muhlenbergia densiflnra Scribn. & Merr. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost. 24: 18. 1901. (Type from Federal District, Mexico. Pringle 6675.)
Perennial ; culms densely cespitose, erect, scabrous below the panicle, puberulent below the nodes, 60-120 cm. tall; slieaths glabrous, the upper scabrous; ligule 5-10 mm. long, sometimes longer; blades involute, wiry, scabrous or nearly glabrous, erect, elongate; panicle strict, spikelike, u.sually purplish, often interrupted below, 10-20 cm. long, the branches appressed, 1-2 cm. long, floriferous from base, the axis scabrous, the pedicels scabrous-pubescent; glumes about equal, acute or acuminate, scabrous, 3-3.5 mm. long; lemma prominently 3-nerved, lanceolate, scabrous, minutely and sparsely pilose at base, 5 mm. long, the straight scabrous awn 1-3 mm. long.
Type locality: Sierra de vSan Filipe, Oaxaca (Pringle 4914). Distribution: Rocky hills and ledges, southern Mexico.

Muhlenbergia dubia Fourn. in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot 3:540. 1885.
Muhlenbergia acuminata Vasev. Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886. (Type from New Mexico, Wright 1993.) Sporobolus ligulatus Vasey & Dewey; Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 268. 1893. (Type from
Presidio County, Texas, Nealley 127.) Sporobolus inflatus Vasey & Dewey; Beal. Grasses N. Am. 2: 289. 1896. (Error for 5. ligulatus
Vasey & Dewey.) Crypsinna hreviglumis Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 8. 1912. (Type from Chihuahua. Jones in
1903.)
Perennial, densely cespitose; culms erect, hard and wiry at base, faintly puberulent or scaberulous, 1 or 2-noded, 30-100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule firm, 2-3 mm. long; blades involute, scabrous, mostly elongate; panicle narrow, sometimes almost spikelike, grayish, 10-30 cm. long, rarely longer, the axis and branches very scabrous, the slender branches appressed or ascending, mostly overlapping, floriferous from near the base, 1-5 cm. long; spikelets 4—5 mm. long; glumes about half as long as the spikelet, minutely scaberulous, obtuse; lemma minutely scaberulous, with an awn as much as 4 mm. long (rarely as much as 10 mm.), rarely acuminate only.
Type locality: Chinantla, Mexico (Liebmann 688).
Distribution: Canyons and rocky hills, western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico (Coahuila and Chihuahua); Puebla (Chinantla).

Perennials, Terrestri al, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem nodes bearded or hairy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades very narrow or filiform, less than 2 mm wide, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence a dense slender spike-like panicle or raceme, branches contracted, Inflorescence solitar y, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn less than 1 cm long, Lemma awned from tip, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma s traight, Callus or base of lemma evidently hairy, Callus hairs shorter than lemma, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.