Comments
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Cultivated in swampy fields and the young shoots, swollen by infection with Ustilago edulis, are a vegetable in China.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
provided by eFloras
This species is cultivated as a vegetable in China. The young shoots and rhizomes are edible when infected, swollen, and softened by the fungus Ustilago esculenta. The presence of the fungus prevents flowering. The grains were used for food by the Emperor in ancient China, and are currently being used by fishermen.
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Description
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Coarse rhizomatous perennial; culm tall, rooting at basal nodes; ligules membranous, deltoid, 15 mm long; leaf-blades broadly linear, 30-100 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, upper surface scabrous; midrib ridged on lower surface, whitish. Panicle large, conical-ellipsoidal; up to 60 cm long, upper branches contracted and bearing pistillate spikelets and the other branches with staminate spikelets. Pistillate spikelets 1.5-2 cm long; glumes minute; lemma 5-nerved, lanceolate, scabrous on nerves, gradually narrowed at apex into a scabrous awn; palea lanceolate, as long as the lemma, 3-nerved. Caryopsis linear-oblong, 1 cm long. Staminate spiklets 1 cm long; glumes minute; lemma lanceolate, 5-nerved, acute or short-awned at apex. stamens 6, anther 4-10 mm long.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Perennial, rhizomatous. Culms erect, 1–2.5 m, ca. 1 cm thick, rooting at lower nodes, nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths longer than internodes, thickened, lower sheaths tessellate; leaf blades broadly linear, 50–90 × 1.5–3.5 cm, abaxial surface scabrous, adaxial surface glabrous, tapering to base, apex abruptly narrowed to a long point; ligule triangular, 1–1.5 cm. Panicle 30–50 × 10–15 cm, lower branches with male spikelets, upper branches with female spikelets, middle branches mixed; branches semiverticillate, many at each node, sparsely spinulose; pedicel apex disk-shaped with spinulose margin. Male spikelet 0.8–1.5 cm; lemma elliptic-oblong, margin ciliate; awn 2–8 mm, scabrous; anthers 5–8 mm. Female spikelet 1.5–2.5 cm; lemma linear, scabrous on veins; awn 1.5–3 cm, scabrous. Caryopsis ca. 1 cm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 30, 34.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Eastern Siberia, Japan, China, and Indo-China.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat & Distribution
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Shallow water of lake margins and swamps, forming large patches. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [NE India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Russia; cultivated in SE Asia].
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Hydropyrum latifolium Grisebach in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4: 466. 1853; Zizania aquatica Linnaeus var. latifolia (Grisebach) Komarov; Z. caduciflora Handel-Mazzetti, nom. illeg. superfl.; Z. dahurica Turczaninow ex Steudel.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Physical Description
provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Aquatic, growing in or on water, Aquatic, fresh water, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stolons or runners present, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem nodes bearded or hairy, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2 or more cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf bl ades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Ligule elongated, 1-3 cm, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence curved, twisted or nodding, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Lower panicle branches whorled, Flowers unisexual, Plants monoecious, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets unisexual, Spikelets falling with parts of disarticulating rachis or pedicel, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Monoecious - staminate and pistillate spikelets on same inflorescence, Glumes completely absent or reduced to cuplike structure, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma gla brous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn 1-2 cm long, Lemma awn 2-4 cm long or longer, Lemma awned from tip, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 6, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
Zizania latifolia: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Zizania latifolia, known as Manchurian wild rice (Chinese: 菰; pinyin: gū), is the only member of the wild rice genus Zizania native to Asia. It is used as a food plant. Both the stem and grain are edible. Gathered in the wild, Manchurian wild rice was an important grain in ancient China.: 165 A wetland plant, Manchurian wild rice is now very rare in the wild, and its use as a grain has completely disappeared in Asia, though it continues to be cultivated for its stems.: 165 A measure of its former popularity is that the surname Jiǎng (simplified Chinese: 蒋; traditional Chinese: 蔣), one of the most common in China, derives from this crop.
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