Associations
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Foodplant / parasite
Blumeria graminis parasitises live Digitaria sanguinalis
Comments
provided by eFloras
The scabrous veins of the lower lemma, although a small character requiring a good lens, are the best means of distinguishing this species from
Digitaria ciliaris.
This species is a good forage grass.
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Comments
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Digitaria cruciata (Nees ex Steud) A. Camus is similar to, and often confused with
Digitaria sanguinalis. The species is characterised by plump apiculate spikelets in which the nerves of the lower lemma are smooth, lacking the minute spines which are a feature of
Digitaria sanguinalis. Neither character alone is sufficient to distinguish the two species since
Digitaria sanguinalis may have equally plump spikelets or very few spines which are easy to overlook.
Digitaria cruciata is confined mainly to the eastern Himalayas but extending as far west as Simla, and may only be a subspecies of
Digitaria sanguinalis. No specimens corresponding to the type of
Digitaria cruciata (
Royle 28, LIV) have been found in Pakistan or Kashmir.
Digitaria sanguinalis is a common weed in warm temperate and subtropical parts of the Old World and has found its way into most other countries. Like Digitaria ciliaris it is polymorphic and no attempt has been made to present an infraspecific break-down; this is dealt with in some detail by Henrard.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Annuals; culms prostrate, basal nodes branching and rooting, to 3 mm in diam., to 100 cm high.
Blades linear-lanceolate, 4-15 cm long, 3-9 mm wide, margins thick; ligule membranaceous, obtuse, 1-
3 mm long; sheath usually shorter than internodes, more or less tubercle hairy. Racemes 5-15 cm long,
3-10, digitately arranged; rachis ca. 1 mm wide, margins winged, green and serrulate, midrib white and
ca. 1/3 as wide as rachis. Spikelets ca. 3 mm long, lanceolate, usually paired, one pedicellate and other
sessile or shortly pediceled; pedicel compressed and margins serrate; lower glume minute, triangular,
ca. 0.2 mm long, membranaceous; upper glume ca. 1/2-3/4 as long as spikelet, 3-veined, margins ciliated;
lower lemma and upper lemma similar, nearly as long as the spikelet, 5-7-veined, median 3 veins
far apart, glabrous, lateral one close and obscure, more or less ciliated along interveins and margins;
upper florate cartilaginous, nearly as long as spikelet.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Annual. Culms erect or decumbent at base, 10–80 cm tall, glabrous or nodes bearded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or sparsely papillose-pilose; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–20 × 0.4–1.2 cm, glabrous or pilose, margins thickened, scabrous; ligule 1–3 mm. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate, axis 1–2 cm; racemes 4–12, stiff, 5–18 cm; spikelets paired, overlapping by about 2/3 their length; rachis winged, midrib triquetrous, margins scabrous. Spikelets elliptic-lanceolate, 3–3.5 mm, acute; lower glume small, ca. 0.2 mm, triangular; upper glume lanceolate, 1/3–1/2 spikelet length, 3-veined, pubescent, subacute; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 7-veined, veins evenly spaced or a broader interspace flanking the midvein, midvein smooth, lateral veins setiform-scabrous especially toward the apex, appressed-pubescent on lateral intervein spaces and margins, rarely also setose; upper lemma greenish gray or light brown, lanceolate, as long as spikelet, apex acuminate. Anthers ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 28, 36.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Annual; culms 20.60 cm high or sometimes more, decumbent at the base, geniculately ascending. Leaf-blades broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate, 3-30 cm long, 3-17 mm wide. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate (rarely with an axis up to 15 cm long in robust specimens), composed of 2-16 racemes; racemes stiff, 3-20 cm long, the spikelets binate and overlapping by about two-thirds their length on a winged rhachis with triquetrous midrib; pedicels triquetrous, scabrid, obtuse or slightly expanded at the tip. Spikelets narrowly elliptic to ovate elliptic, 2.3-3.5 mm long, sharply acute; lower glume an ovate scale 0.2 mm long; upper glume a third to half as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved; lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved, the nerves evenly spaced (or occasionally with a wide interspace flanking the midrib), scaberulous on the nerves with minute siliceous spines, obscurely and appressedly pubescent, rarely with brownish glassy bristles very rarely with a ciliate frill; fruit lanceolate, grey or light brown.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
The temperate and warm regions of the world. Taiwan, naturalized around villages and in waste
places.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: Pakistan (Baluchistan, Punjab, N.W.F.P., Gilgit & Kashmir); warn temperate regions throughout the World, penetrating into the tropics.
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. & Fr. Per.: July-September.
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Habitat & Distribution
provided by eFloras
Fields, roadsides, weedy places. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang [warm-temperate and upland subtropical regions throughout the world].
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Panicum sanguinalis L., Sp. Pl. 57. 1753.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Panicum sanguinale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753; Paspa-lum sanguinale (Linnaeus) Lamarck.
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Physical Description
provided by USDA PLANTS text
Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems trailing, spreading or prostrate, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems mat or turf forming, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly caul ine, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence a panicle with digitately arranged spicate branches, Inflorescence with 2-10 branches, Inflorescence branches 1-sided, Lower panicle branches whorled, Rachis dilated, flat, central axis to which spikelets are attached, Rachis winged, Rachis angular, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelet with 1 fertile floret and 1-2 sterile florets, Spikelets paired at rachis nodes, Spi kelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets secund, in rows on one side of rachis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 1 clearly present, the other greatly reduced or absent, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glume surface hairy, villous or pilose, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
Digitaria sanguinalis
provided by wikipedia EN
Digitaria sanguinalis is a species of grass known by several common names, including hairy crabgrass,[2] hairy finger-grass,[3] large crabgrass, crab finger grass, purple crabgrass.[4] It is one of the better-known species of the genus Digitaria, and one that is known nearly worldwide as a common weed. It is used as animal fodder, and the seeds are edible and have been used as a grain in Germany and especially Poland, where it is sometimes cultivated.[5] This has earned it the name Polish millet.[6]
Description
It is an annual grass with an inflorescence of up to nine very long, very thin, radiating branches atop its stems. Each branch is lined with pairs of very tiny spikelets. The inflorescences may be reddish or purplish.
Uses
During the European Middle Ages, Digitaria sanguinalis was cultivated by Slavic peoples in Eastern Europe, where it was cooked in soups and porridges.[7]
The plant was brought to the United States by immigrants to serve as hand-foraged grain. The grass is also highly nutritious, especially before the plant exhausts itself producing seed. It is frequently sown in fields to provide graze for animals, or clipped and bundled as hay. Compared to other grasses, it has a relatively high protein percentage.[8] Farmers will sometimes till patches in their pastures in the late spring, with the intent of encouraging crabgrass seed.
For human consumption, crabgrass necessarily must be harvested by hand, because it produces grain throughout summer, rather than simultaneously. Machine harvesting would require monthly passes, and even then much of the seed would go to waste. Crabgrass produces an exceptionally high amount of grain, it smothers other weeds, it acts as its own mulch, and it can survive both heat and drought. Its adaptability makes it a candidate for environmental small-farming.[9]
Control
Its usefulness to nineteenth-century homesteaders has made its seed widespread, and today is generally considered an unattractive nuisance. Crabgrass takes advantage of low fertility and drought, since this tends to weaken other grasses and it tends to invade manicured turf. It is difficult to kill, as it will regenerate, and chemicals will likely harm surrounding grasses. As an annual, it can be controlled by preemergent herbicides. The most efficient means of control is to pull patches, and keep the rest of the lawn watered and mowed at a height of two to three inches.[10]
See also
References
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Digitaria sanguinalis: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Digitaria sanguinalis is a species of grass known by several common names, including hairy crabgrass, hairy finger-grass, large crabgrass, crab finger grass, purple crabgrass. It is one of the better-known species of the genus Digitaria, and one that is known nearly worldwide as a common weed. It is used as animal fodder, and the seeds are edible and have been used as a grain in Germany and especially Poland, where it is sometimes cultivated. This has earned it the name Polish millet.
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