Associations
provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
colony of Dreschler dematiaceous anamorph of Drechslera fugax parasitises Agrostis gigantea
Foodplant / gall
stroma of Epichlo causes gall of stem of Agrostis gigantea
Remarks: season: fertile in 8
Other: uncertain
Foodplant / spot causer
colony of Mastigosporium anamorph of Mastigosporium rubricosum causes spots on live leaf of Agrostis gigantea
Comments
provided by eFloras
This is a widespread and polymorphic species, introduced for pasture or adventive in Australia, North America, and elsewhere. The name
Agrostis alba Linnaeus has sometimes been used for this species, but the correct application of that name is uncertain.
Agrostis gigantea, A. capillaris, and A. stolonifera are closely related, widespread weeds, which sometimes hybridize. While the lemma is usually awnless, a small awnlet from at or near the apex may be present in some spikelets.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
provided by eFloras
Very similar to
Agrostis stolonifera but distinguished by its rhizomes and lack of stolons and a panicle that remains loose and open after anthesis. It is a more aggressive species than
Agrostis stolonifera and can become a troublesome weed. Male-sterile hybrids between the two species are known.
1500-3000 m.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Perennial, rhizomatous; rhizomes tough, scaly, spreading. Culms loosely tufted, ascending to prostrate at base, rooting and branching from lower nodes, up to 130 cm tall. Leaf sheaths smooth or scaberulous; leaf blades linear, flat, 5–30 cm × 3–10 mm, scabrid, apex acuminate; ligule on tillers 1.5–6 mm, as long as or longer than wide, toothed. Panicle oblong or conical in outline, 8–25 cm, contracted at first, open after anthesis; branches 5 or more per node, spreading, very scabrous, bearing branchlets nearly to base, spikelets clustered at the branch apices. Spikelets 2–3 mm, yellowish green or purplish; glumes elliptic-lanceolate, subequal or lower glume slightly longer, scabrid or pilosulous along upper keel and margins, apex acute; callus hairs 0.2–0.4 mm; lemma 2/3–3/4 spikelet length, glabrous, usually awnless, apex obtuse; palea 1/2–3/4 length of lemma. Anthers 1–1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. summer and autumn.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Rhizomatous perennial without stolons; culms 40-120(-150) cm high, erect or geniculately ascending, rooting and branching from the lower nodes, smooth. Leaf-blades 5-20 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, flat, scabrid; ligule 1.5-6 mm long, blunt. Panicle oblong to ovate, 8-25 cm long, loose and open, the branches clustered, spreading, divided above the naked base; inflated tip of pedicel scabrid. Spikelets 2-3 mm long, breaking up at maturity above the persistent glumes; glumes acute, awnless, rough on the keel; lemma 1.5-2.5 mm long, very blunt, usually awnless, rarely with a short awn from near the tip; palea half to two-thirds the length of the lemma; anthers 1-1.5 mm long.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Europe, Himalaya, temperate Asia.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: Pakistan (Punjab, N.W.FY., Gilgit & Kashmir); Europe and temper-ate Asia; introduced in North America etc.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Elevation Range
provided by eFloras
2900-4000 m
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flower/Fruit
provided by eFloras
Fl. & Fr. Per.: July-August.
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat & Distribution
provided by eFloras
Moist ground, rough grasslands, as a field weed. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, NW India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe].
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Agrostis stolonifera Linnaeus var. gigantea (Roth) Koch; A. stolonifera subsp. gigantea (Roth) Maire & Weiler; A. sto-lonifera var. ramosa (S. F. Gray) Veldkamp; Vilfa alba (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois var. ramosa S. F. Gray.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Common Names
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
redtop
meadow redtop
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Cover Value
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cover,
fire management,
seedRedtop is preferred nesting cover for prairie chickens. They began
using redtop, grown for seed in Illinois and Missouri, when the native
prairie habitat became scarce [
60]. See FIRE MANAGEMENT for further
discussion of redtop management for prairie chickens.
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
cool-seasonRedtop is an introduced, perennial, rhizomatous, cool-season,
sod-forming grass with erect, stout, stems growing 2 to 4 feet (0.6-1.2
m) tall. The panicle is 4 to 8 inches (10-20 cm) long and notably
suffused with purplish-red. Lemmas are rarely awned [
22,
29]. Rhizomes
are less than 10 inches (25 cm) long [
28] and are generally shallow
[
27]. Rhizomes have been reported to occur to a depth of 6 inches (15
cm) [
18]. Redtop apparently intergrades with creeping bentgrass; redtop
has mostly erect culms and rhizomes, and creeping bentgrass has mostly
decumbent, stoloniferous culms.
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Redtop, native to Europe, has been introduced throughout temperate North
America as a pasture grass. It occurs from Newfoundland south to the
mountains of northern Georgia and Alabama, west to California, and north to
Alaska. It is apparently uncommon or absent from the warm, humid
regions of the Gulf Coast and from the desert regions of the Southwest
[
15,
22,
28,
33]].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fire regime,
natural,
seedRedtop is fairly resilient to fire because of its rhizomes and buried
seed. Most natural fires in redtop stands probably occur in the fall
when the grass has dried out.
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Management Considerations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cover,
duff,
forbsRedtop has been seeded onto burns with other grasses to prevent erosion
[
12,
43,
49]. In northeastern Washington, redtop excelled on
northeast-facing slopes where moisture was high. Redtop was not as
vigorous on southwest-facing exposures but was still present 4 years
after the seeding [
12].
Prescribed burning rejuvenates redtop fields and is recommended to
enhance prairie chicken cover in the Midwest. Fields should be burned 3
to 4 years after seeding (either in August or in March prior to nesting
season) to remove duff, improve redtop vigor, and control weeds. A
second fire may be desirable 3 years after the first fire if the area is
not too densely invaded by forbs [
60].
Early spring fire followed by the application of the herbicide atrazine
significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced redtop in most treatments [
48].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
hemicryptophyteHemicryptophyte
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
facultative wetland species,
mesicRedtop is a facultative wetland species [
47]. It grows in mesic to
semi-hydric conditions and is tolerant of some flooding [
57]. It is not
tolerant of drought [
27].
Redtop grows on a wide variety of soil types and textures. It is
tolerant of moderately acidic soils and soils low in calcium,
phosphorus, and potassium. It is not suited for limey soils or
limestone sites [
57].
Redtop grows from sea level to subalpine elevations. In California it
occurs below 7,500 feet (2,300 m) elevation [
42]. It grows up to
timberline in Montana [
59].
Redtop has good cold tolerance [
57]. It successfully overwintered at
Prudhoe Bay in Alaska, and in Yellowknife and the Mackenzie River region
in the Northwest Territories [
27].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
210 Interior Douglas-fir
217 Aspen
221 Red alder
222 Black cottonwood-willow
223 Sitka spruce
235 Cottonwood-willow
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
Redtop probably occurs in most ecosystems except those of the Gulf Coast.
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Rangeland Cover Types
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following Rangeland Cover Types (as classified by the Society for Range Management, SRM):
More info for the terms:
cover,
woodland216 Montane meadows
313 Tufted hairgrass-sedge
408 Other sagebrush types
411 Aspen woodland
421 Chokecherry-serviceberry-rose
422 Riparian
601 Bluestem prairie
602 Bluestem-prairie sandreed
802 Missouri prairie
905 Bluejoint reedgrass
Redtop may occur in other SRM Cover Types as well.
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
peatFire top-kills redtop. Rhizomes probably survive most fires, but they
can be severely damaged by the shallow burning of peat [
19]. Seeds
buried in soil probably survive most fires.
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Redtop is grown for livestock forage on moist sites [
15].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
habitat type,
phaseRedtop occurs in wet to moist meadows and grasslands. It occurs in pure
stands or with sedges (Carex spp.), spikerushes (Eleocharis spp.),
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and quackgrass (Elytrigia repens)
[
31,
58]. In Montana it occurs with Nebraska sedge (C. nebrascensis),
meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), Baltic rush (Juncus balticus),
scouringrush horsetail (Equisetum hyemale), and common dandelion
(Taraxacum officinale) [
26]. It occurs in the southern Appalachian
grass balds dominated by mountain oatgrass (Danthonia compressa) [
40].
Redtop frequently occurs in riparian areas. Brichta [
5] describes
sandbar willow (Salix exigua)/redtop and fowl bluegrass (Poa
palustris)/redtop wetland community types in Montana. In Malheur
National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, redtop was one of the dominant grasses
in the flood meadow vegetation which receives 4 to 6 inches (10-15 cm)
of floodwater in April or May [
7]. Redtop occurs in the following
riparian dominance types at Malheur: mountain alder (Alnus incana),
mountain silver sagebrush (Artemisia cana spp. viscidula), sandbar
willow, MacKenzie's willow (Salix prolixa), and Kentucky bluegrass [
45].
Redtop also occurs in some open forested communities. It is an
understory species in the following streamside communities in Olympic
National Park, Washington: red alder (Alnus rubra), bigleaf maple (Acer
macrophyllum), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)-western hemlock
(Tsuga heterophylla)-black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) [
16].
Redtop was present in the pine grass (Calamagrostis rubescens) phase of
the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)/twinflower (Linnaea borealis)
habitat type in western Montana [
25].
Redtop is described as a community dominant in the following publications:
Environmental relationships among wetland community types of the
northern range, Yellowstone National Park [
5]
Classification and management of Montana's riparian and wetland sites [
26]
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
graminoidGraminoid
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cool-season,
seed,
warm-seasonPrior to 1940, redtop was one of the most commonly grown pasture grasses
in the U.S. Its use has declined considerably since then because it is
less palatable than other meadow grasses [
15,
66] and because soybeans
became a more economical crop in regions where redtop was grown [
60].
Redtop is now used primarily on nutrient-poor or poorly drained soils
for hay and pasture [
15]. Planting, seed harvest, and storage of redtop
seeds is described [
20,
57].
Redtop is favored by grazing [
11,
19,
37]. Redtop decreased substantially
in exclosures protected from grazing for 12 years in Idaho [
37].
Redtop does not inhibit growth of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
seedlings when they are planted together after fire [
3].
Redtop is very susceptible to the herbicide atrazine. In prairie
vegetation in the Midwest, atrazine is used to eliminate or suppress
cool-season grasses such as redtop while either enhancing or having a
neutral effect on warm-season grasses [
48].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Nutritional Value
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Redtop forage averages 14.8 percent protein, 5.0 percent ether extract,
27.1 percent crude fiber, 44.7 percent nitrogen-free extract, and 5.6
percent lignin (dry weight) [
17].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE GA HI
ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA
MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM
NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD
TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY AB
BC MB NB NF NT NS ON PE PQ SK
YT
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Palatability
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Redtop forage in moist meadows generally remains green and palatable
throughout the growing season [
62]. Redtop has fairly good palatability
to livestock in spring and early summer, but palatability decreases
after seeds are mature and is poor in the winter [
57]. Redtop is not as
palatable as other meadow grasses such as timothy (Phleum pratense) and
Kentucky bluegrass [
66].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. Redtop begins growth in early to mid-spring and matures by mid- to late
summer [
57]. In New York redtop flowers from June to July [
10]. In the
Northwest, the southern Appalachian Mountains, and California, redtop
flowers from mid-June to early September [
8,
42,
52]. It flowers from
June to August in the Great Plains [
23]. Rhizomes undergo the greatest
development in July [
13].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cool-season,
cover,
density,
frequency,
seedFire generally favors redtop. Rhizomes sprout after fire and buried
seed may germinate.
Redtop was present in the postfire vegetation of the Sundance Burn
in northern Idaho. On several sites it was present and flowered in
postfire years 1 and 2, but on other sites it did not appear until more
than 10 years after the fire [
50].
Redtop was not present on the Curtis Prairie, Wisconsin, in 1951, but
after 10 years of biennial dormant season burning, it had 8 percent
frequency [
1].
The Hayden Prairie in northeastern Iowa was subject to early spring
fires. Redtop seedstalks, inventoried in August, did not differ
substantially between burned and unburned sites. Redtop seedstalk
density on sites burned 2 and 3 consecutive years was not significantly
diffferent from that on sites burned a single time [
11]. Early spring
fires in southeastern Iowa pastureland dominated by exotic cool-season
grasses had no significant (P less than 0.05) effect on redtop cover [
48].
In south-central New York, little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)
fields and goldenrod-poverty oatgrass (Danthonia spicata) fields burned
by spring wildfires were compared to adjacent unburned sites. Redtop
increased with burning; on little bluestem fields, redtop frequency
averaged 17 percent on the unburned plots and 38 percent on the burned
plots. On goldenrod fields, redtop frequency was 25 percent on unburned
plots and 39 percent on burned plots [
53]. However, redtop decreased
with 17 years of early April annual and biennial burning of little
bluestem fields in Connecticut [
44]. The repeated burning may have
stressed redtop, or the species present may have actually been a
nonrhizomatous form of creeping bentgrass, which may be more susceptible
to fire than redtop.
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
ground residual colonizer,
herb,
rhizomeRhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
seedRedtop regenerates vegetatively and by seed. Germination rates are
high, generally 85 percent or greater [
20,
61]. No pretreatment is
necessary but light is required for germination [
20]. Redtop seeds are
long-lived and accumulate in a seedbank [
6,
38]. Germination was 91
percent after 6 years of storage [
61] and 50 percent after 20 years of
storage in an uncontrolled environment [
32].
Redtop spreads rapidly with strong rhizomes [
26,
57].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
association,
eruption,
forbs,
naturalRedtop is considered shade intolerant [
20] to moderately adapted to
shade [
27]. It occurs in some open forested areas. Redtop colonizes
disturbed sites. It was present on a mudflow 1 year after the May 1980
eruption of Mount St. Helens [
24]. It is a pioneering species on
recently exposed gravel and sandbars [
26,
39]. On the peatlands of
Wisconsin, a Kentucky bluegrass-redtop association may succeed the
bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis)-sedge association,
especially under heavy grazing [
19].
Older stands of redtop may be replaced by forbs. In southeastern
Illinois, forbs such as western yarrow (Achillea millefolium), goldenrod
(Solidago spp.), common eveningprimrose (Oenothera biennis), common
cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex), white sweetclover (Melilotus alba), and
yellow sweetclover (M. officinalis) invade 3- to 4-year-old redtop
fields [
60].
In the Midwest, reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), which forms
dense monocultures and threatens natural wetlands, invades redtop
meadows and inhibits its growth in 3 to 5 months [
2].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Agrostis alba auct. non L. [
64,
65]
Agrostis alba var. alba L. [
30]
Agrostis stolonifera var. major (Gaudin) Farw. [
23,
42]
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name for redtop is Agrostis gigantea
Roth (Poaceae) [
22,
28,
33,
34].
There is considerable taxonomic confusion concerning this species. In
the literature, the most commonly used scientific name for redtop is A.
alba L. However, Linnaeus based his A. alba on a Poa species; the A.
alba in the literature is not the A. alba of Linnaeus [
8]. In order to
escape this confusion, some authors have dropped the name A. alba but
have not reached a consensus on a new name. Redtop is often regarded
merely as the nonstoloniferous, mostly rhizomatous variety of the
morphologically variable creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera) [
23,
42].
And conversely, creeping bentgrass is sometimes considered a variety of
A. alba [
30,
36]. Most literature referring to either A. alba or A.
stolonifera does not distinguish between the two species, and it is
generally impossible to determine which species the literature is
referring to. This writeup summarizes literature that refers to A.
gigantea, A. alba, and A. stolonifera var. major.
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Redtop is used for temporary erosion control. Redtop is adapted to wet,
poorly drained conditions and is often used to improve streambank
stability [
56,
61]. It grows well on acidic and clayey sites [
56].
Redtop colonized metal-contaminated soil in the smelting region near
Sudbury, Ontario [
63]. It has been used with other grasses to
revegetate abandoned manganese mines in southwestern Virginia and
northeastern Tennessee [
41]. Redtop was planted with other grasses on
lands disturbed by the Trans-Alaska Pipeline [
9].
- bibliographic citation
- Carey, Jennifer H. 1995. Agrostis gigantea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by IABIN
IV, V, RM, VI, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
Physical Description
provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Infloresce nce an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Lower panicle branches whorled, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma strai ght, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea shorter than lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
Agrostis gigantea
(
Asturian
)
provided by wikipedia AST
Agrostis gigantea, ye una especie de planta yerbácea perteneciente a la familia de les poacees.
Distribución y hábitat
Ye nativa d'Europa, pero nes zones más fríes d'América del Norte utilizóse llargamente como un pacional de yerba hasta la década de 1940. A pesar de qu'en gran midida foi sustituyida pola soya y les yerbes más sabroses, inda tien un ciertu usu en suelos probes. Foi una de les yerbes plantaes n'árees alteriaes pol Oleoductu Trans-Alaska. Polo xeneral, fai bona respuesta a les quemes, por cuenta de la supervivencia de los rizomas y granes.[1]
Puede atopase en montes abiertos, pacionales brutos, sebes, cantos de caminos y terrenales baldíos, y como meruxa en tierres de cultivu.
Esta especie ye similar a Agrostis stolonifera, cola diferencia clave de que'l postreru tien estolones. Ello ye que los dos son dacuando trataes como una sola especie, y non siempres ta claro esactamente lo que significa pa un autor Agrostis alba o Agrostis stolonifera.[1]
Munches fontes d'Internet describen Agrostis capillaris como la más alta de la especie. Sicasí C.Y.Hubbard describe'l so altor que varia de 10 a 70 cm d'altu, ente que Agrostis gigantea ye 40-120 centímetros . Marjorie Blamey, Richard y Alastair Fitter tamién la describen como la más altu.[2][3]
Descripción
Les fueyes son de color verde maciu. La lígula ye roma, pero dentada y hasta de 6 milímetros de llargu. La panícula ye abierta y laxa, de color verde o púrpura. Floria de xunu a agostu.
Taxonomía
Agrostis gigantea describióse por Albrecht Wilhelm Roth y espublizóse en Tentamen Florae Germanicae 1: 31. 1788.[4]
- Etimoloxía
Agrostis: nome xenéricu que remanez del griegu agrostis = (una planta forraxera, una especie de yerba), cf. agros = (campu).[5]
gigantea: epítetu llatín que significa "xigante, bien grande".[6]
- Sinonimia
Ver tamién
Referencies
-
↑ 1,0 1,1 «Agrostis gigantea». Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service.
-
↑ C Y Hubbard (1978). Grasses. Penguin Books.
-
↑ Marjorie Blamey, Richard and Alistair Fitter (2003). Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland. ISBN 0-7136-5944-0.
-
↑ «Agrostis gigantea». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 2 de xunetu de 2013.
-
↑ Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass xenera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Xenera of the World. Consultáu'l 19 d'agostu de 2009.
-
↑ N'Epítetos Botánicos
-
↑ John Hilty (23 de payares de 2007). «Redtop». Grasses, Sedges, and Non-Flowering Plants of Illinois. Archiváu dende l'orixinal, el December 12, 2007. Consultáu'l 17 d'avientu de 2007.
-
↑ Agrostis gigantea en PlantList
-
↑ «Agrostis gigantea». World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultáu'l 7 de xunetu de 2013.
Bibliografía
- Bor, N. L. 1960. Grass. Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan i–xviii, 1–767. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i–xl, 1–1286.
- Burkart, A. Y. 1969. Gramínees. 2: 1–551. In A. Y. Burkart (ed.) Fl. Il. Ente Ríos. Institutu Nacional de Teunoloxía Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires.
- Cabi, Y. & M. Doğan. 2012. Poaceae. 690–756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Llabraştırmaları Derneği Yayını, Istanbul.
- Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
- CONABIO. 2009. Catálogu taxonómicu d'especies de Méxicu. 1. In Capital Nat. Méxicu. CONABIO, Mexico City.
- Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidá Nacional Autónoma de Méxicu, Méxicu, D. F.
- Edgar, Y. & M. B. Forde. 1991. Agrostis L. in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Bot. 29: 139–161.
- Edgar, Y., M. A. O'Brien & H. Y. Connor. 1991. Checklist of pooid grasses naturalised in New Zealand. 1. Tribes Nardeae, Stipeae, Hainardieae, Meliceae, and Aveneae. New Zealand J. Bot. 29: 101–116.
- Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
- Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2006. Flora of China (Poaceae). 22: 1–733. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
- Forzza, R. C. 2010. Llista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Enllaces esternos
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Agrostis gigantea: Brief Summary
(
Asturian
)
provided by wikipedia AST
Agrostis gigantea, ye una especie de planta yerbácea perteneciente a la familia de les poacees.
![src=]()
Inflorescancias
![src=]()
Ilustración
![src=]()
Detalle de la lígula
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Maeswellt mawr
(
Welsh
)
provided by wikipedia CY
Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Maeswellt mawr sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Agrostis gigantea a'r enw Saesneg yw Black bent.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Maeswellt Mawr, Maeswellt Du Mwyaf.
Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.
Gweler hefyd
Cyfeiriadau
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Awduron a golygyddion Wikipedia
Maeswellt mawr: Brief Summary
(
Welsh
)
provided by wikipedia CY
Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Maeswellt mawr sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Agrostis gigantea a'r enw Saesneg yw Black bent. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Maeswellt Mawr, Maeswellt Du Mwyaf.
Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Awduron a golygyddion Wikipedia
Stortoppet hvene
(
Danish
)
provided by wikipedia DA
Stortoppet hvene (Agrostis gigantea) er et almindeligt græs i Danmark. Det vokser både på fugtig, leret jord og på sandede overdrev. Det blomstrer i juli-august.
Stortoppet hvene minder om alm. hvene, men er 50-90 cm høj, med normalt mere end 5 mm brede blade og en skedehinde på de vegetative skud, der er 1,5-6 mm lang.
Kilder
- Signe Frederiksen et al., Dansk flora, 1. udgave, Gyldendal 2006. ISBN 8702030322.
Stub
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
Stortoppet hvene: Brief Summary
(
Danish
)
provided by wikipedia DA
Stortoppet hvene (Agrostis gigantea) er et almindeligt græs i Danmark. Det vokser både på fugtig, leret jord og på sandede overdrev. Det blomstrer i juli-august.
Stortoppet hvene minder om alm. hvene, men er 50-90 cm høj, med normalt mere end 5 mm brede blade og en skedehinde på de vegetative skud, der er 1,5-6 mm lang.
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- copyright
- Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
Riesen-Straußgras
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Das Riesen-Straußgras (Agrostis gigantea), auch Fiorin-Gras genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Straußgräser (Agrostis) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).
Beschreibung
![src=]()
Illustration aus
Flora Batava, Volume 6
![src=]()
Detailaufnahme des Blatthäutchens
Vegetative Merkmale
Das Riesen-Straußgras ist eine sommergrüne, ausdauernde krautige Pflanze und erreicht Wuchshöhen von 40 bis 120 zuweilen bis zu 150 Zentimetern. Es bildet kurze, dicke und zähe unterirdische Ausläufer (Rhizome) und wächst daher in kleinen, dichten Horsten. Oberirdische Kriechtriebe fehlen. Die drei- bis sechsknotigen, glatten Halme wachsen aufrecht oder von einem gekrümmten oder niederliegenden Grund an aufsteigend. Sie bewurzeln und verzweigen sich an den unteren Knoten (Nodien).
Die Blattscheiden sind auf dem Rücken gerundet, glatt oder schwach rau. Der Blattgrund ist nicht in Öhrchen ausgezogen. Das stumpfe und gezähnte Blatthäutchen (Ligula) misst 1,5 bis 6 Millimeter in der Länge. Die 3 bis 11 Millimeter breiten, 5 bis 20 Zentimeter langen und kahlen Blattspreiten sind oberseits gerieft und unterseits matt. Die Blattspreiten sind dünn zugespitzt, im jungen Zustand gerollt und später flach.
Generative Merkmale
Die Blütezeit erstreckt sich von Ende Juni bis August. Der auch nach der Anthese offene und sehr lockere rispige Blütenstand ist aufrecht und bei einer Länge von 8 bis 25 Zentimetern sowie einer Breite von 3 bis 15 Zentimeter länglich bis eiförmige. Die grünen oder purpurfarben Rispen sind vielästig. Die Rispenäste sind zu Büscheln vereinigt. Die rauen Stielchen sind 0,5 bis 3 Millimeter lang. Die zahlreichen, einblütigen und seitlich zusammengedrückten Ährchen sind 2 bis 3 Millimeter lang. Die beiden ausdauernden, einnervigen Hüllspelzen sind so lang wie die Ährchen. Die drei- bis fünfnervigen Deckspelzen sind etwas kürzer als die Hüllspelzen, am Grund fein behaart und grannenlos, selten mit sehr kurzer Granne, die an oder nahe der Spitze abgeht.
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 42.
Ökologie
Beim Riesen-Straußgras handelt es sich um einen Hemikryptophyten.
Verbreitung und Standort
Das Verbreitungsgebiet reicht über ganz Europa und durch die gemäßigten Zonen Asiens bis nach Nordafrika. Das Riesen-Straußgras ist unter anderem in Nordamerika, Australien und Neuseeland ein Neophyt.[1] In Deutschland kommt es zerstreut bis verbreitet, in Österreich zerstreut vor.
Es siedelt von der collinen bis zur subalpinen Höhenstufe. Das Riesen-Straußgras besiedelt feuchte bis nasse, grund- und sickerfeuchte, nährstoff- und basenreiche mäßig saure Sand-, Lehm- und Tonböden.[2] Es wächst in Wiesen, Ruderalfluren und Uferröhrichten, weiters in lichten Wäldern und in Holzschlägen. Im pflanzensoziologischen System ist das Riesen-Straußgras eine Klassenkennart der Grünlandgesellschaften (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea), hier vor allem in den nährstoffreichen Nasswiesen-Gesellschaften (Calthion), aber auch in Röhrichten und Großseggensümpfen (Phragmitetalia australis).
Systematik
Man kann zwei Unterarten unterscheiden:[1]
-
Agrostis gigantea subsp. gigantea: Sie kommt von den gemäßigten Zonen Eurasiens bis Nordafrika vor.[1]
-
Agrostis gigantea subsp. maeotica (Klokov) Tzvelev: Sie kommt in der südlichen Ukraine und auf der Krim vor.[1]
Nutzung
Das Riesen-Straußgras ist von geringem landwirtschaftlichen Wert. Es ist ein mäßiges Futtergras und ist gewöhnlich nicht ansaatwürdig.[3] Es wird in Deutschland in Ansaatgrünland nur für feuchte Wiesen empfohlen. In den Vereinigten Staaten wird das Riesen-Straußgras zur Bodenfestigung und zur Heugewinnung angebaut. Auf leichten, sandigen und kiesigen Böden neigt das Riesen-Straußgras zur Verunkrautung.
Belege und weiterführende Informationen
Literatur
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Hrsg.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Begründet von Werner Rothmaler. 10., bearbeitete Auflage. Band 4: Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band. Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, München/Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2.
- Hans Joachim Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch. Die Gräser Deutschlands erkennen und bestimmen. Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6.
- Charles Edward Hubbard: Gräser. Beschreibung, Verbreitung, Verwendung (= UTB. Band 233). 2., überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1985, ISBN 3-8001-2537-4 (englisch: Grasses. Übersetzt von Peter Boeker).
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Agrostis gigantea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 25. Mai 2020.
-
↑ Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Unter Mitarbeit von Theo Müller. 7., überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7.
-
↑ Ernst Klapp, Wilhelm Opitz von Boberfeld: Taschenbuch der Gräser. Erkennung und Bestimmung, Standort und Vergesellschaftung, Bewertung und Verwendung. 13. überarbeitete Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2006, ISBN 3-8001-4775-0, S. 207.
Weblinks
– Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
-
Agrostis gigantea Roth, Riesen-Straußgras. FloraWeb.de
-
Riesen-Straußgras. In: BiolFlor, der Datenbank biologisch-ökologischer Merkmale der Flora von Deutschland.
-
Steckbrief und Verbreitungskarte für Bayern. In: Botanischer Informationsknoten Bayerns.
-
Agrostis gigantea Roth In: Info Flora, dem nationalen Daten- und Informationszentrum der Schweizer Flora. Abgerufen am 29. September 2015.
-
Agrostis gigantea im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 29. September 2015.
-
Verbreitung auf der Nordhalbkugel aus: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 bei Den virtuella floran. (schwed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Datenblatt mit Bestimmungsschlüssel und Fotos bei Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (alter Name der Webseite: Blumen in Schwaben)
- Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Datenblatt: Agrostis gigantea ssp. gigantea A. W. Roth (Riesen-Straußgras, Fioringras) bei Flora von Deutschland - Eine Bilder-Datenbank, Version 2.91.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
Riesen-Straußgras: Brief Summary
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Das Riesen-Straußgras (Agrostis gigantea), auch Fiorin-Gras genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Straußgräser (Agrostis) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).
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- Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
Agrostis gigantea
provided by wikipedia EN
Agrostis gigantea, known by its common names black bent[2] and redtop, is a perennial grass of the Agrostis genus.
It is native to Europe, but in the cooler areas of North America was widely used as a pasture grass until the 1940s. Although it has largely been replaced by soybeans and more palatable grasses, it still gets some use in poor soils. It was one of the grasses planted in areas disturbed by the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. It generally does well in response to fires, due to survival of rhizomes and seeds.[3]
It can be found in open woodland, rough grassland, hedgerows, roadsides and waste ground, and as a weed on arable land.
This species is similar to Agrostis stolonifera, with the key difference being that the latter has stolons. In fact the two are sometimes treated as a single species, and it is not always clear precisely what an author means by Agrostis alba or Agrostis stolonifera.[3]
Many internet sources describe Agrostis capillaris as being the tallest of the bent species. However C E Hubbard describes its height as ranging from 10 to 70 cm high, whereas Agrostis gigantea is 40–120 centimetres (16–47 in). Marjorie Blamey, Richard and Alastair Fitter also describe black bent as being taller.[4][5]
Description
The leaves are dull green. The ligule is blunt, but toothed and up to 6 millimetres (0.24 in) long.
The panicle is open and loose, of green or purplish colour. It flowers from June to August.
The leaves are rolled in shoot, not hairy, no auricles, but the plant has rhizomes.
ligule up to 6mm long, no auricles, not hairy, rolled
References
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Agrostis gigantea: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Agrostis gigantea, known by its common names black bent and redtop, is a perennial grass of the Agrostis genus.
It is native to Europe, but in the cooler areas of North America was widely used as a pasture grass until the 1940s. Although it has largely been replaced by soybeans and more palatable grasses, it still gets some use in poor soils. It was one of the grasses planted in areas disturbed by the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. It generally does well in response to fires, due to survival of rhizomes and seeds.
It can be found in open woodland, rough grassland, hedgerows, roadsides and waste ground, and as a weed on arable land.
This species is similar to Agrostis stolonifera, with the key difference being that the latter has stolons. In fact the two are sometimes treated as a single species, and it is not always clear precisely what an author means by Agrostis alba or Agrostis stolonifera.
Many internet sources describe Agrostis capillaris as being the tallest of the bent species. However C E Hubbard describes its height as ranging from 10 to 70 cm high, whereas Agrostis gigantea is 40–120 centimetres (16–47 in). Marjorie Blamey, Richard and Alastair Fitter also describe black bent as being taller.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Agrostis gigantea
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Agrostis gigantea es una especie de planta herbácea de la familia de las poáceas.
Distribución y hábitat
Es nativa de Europa, pero en las zonas más frías de América del Norte se utilizó ampliamente como un pastizal de hierba hasta la década de 1940. A pesar de que en gran medida ha sido sustituida por la soja y las hierbas más sabrosas, todavía tiene un cierto uso en suelos pobres. Fue una de las hierbas plantadas en áreas perturbadas por el Oleoducto Trans-Alaska. Por lo general, hace buena respuesta a los incendios, debido a la supervivencia de los rizomas y semillas.[1]
Se puede encontrar en bosques abiertos, pastizales brutos, setos, bordes de caminos y terrenos baldíos, y como mala hierba en tierras de cultivo.
Esta especie es similar a Agrostis stolonifera, con la diferencia clave de que el último tiene estolones. De hecho, los dos son a veces tratadas como una sola especie, y no siempre está claro exactamente lo que significa para un autor Agrostis alba o Agrostis stolonifera.[1]
Muchas fuentes de Internet describen Agrostis capillaris como la más alta de la especie. Sin embargo C.E.Hubbard describe su altura que varía de 10 a 70 cm de alto, mientras que Agrostis gigantea es 40-120 centímetros . Marjorie Blamey, Richard y Alastair Fitter también la describen como la más alto.[2][3]
Descripción
Las hojas son de color verde pálido. La lígula es roma, pero dentada y hasta de 6 milímetros de largo. La panícula es abierta y laxa, de color verde o púrpura. Florece de junio a agosto.
Taxonomía
Agrostis gigantea fue descrita por Albrecht Wilhelm Roth y publicado en Tentamen Florae Germanicae 1: 31. 1788.[4]
- Etimología
Ver: Agrostis
gigantea: epíteto latino que significa "gigante, muy grande".[5]
- Sinonimia
-
Agrostis alba[6]
-
Agrostis altissima Lojac.
-
Agrostis campestris Phil.
-
Agrostis capillaris var. nigra (With.) Druce
-
Agrostis capillaris subsp. repens (Laest.) Soják
-
Agrostis compressa Willd.
-
Agrostis diffusa Host
-
Agrostis dispar Michx.
-
Agrostis dubia Leers
-
Agrostis exarata var. mutica Hicken
-
Agrostis gautieri Sennen
-
Agrostis graniticola Klokov
-
Agrostis limosa Schur
-
Agrostis maeotica Klokov
-
Agrostis nigra With.
-
Agrostis osakae Honda
-
Agrostis parviflora Chevall.
-
Agrostis praticola Klokov
-
Agrostis repens Sinclair
-
Agrostis rubra var. tenella (Hoffm.) Wimm. & Grab.
-
Agrostis sabulicola Klokov
-
Agrostis seminuda Knapp
-
Agrostis stolonifera Leers
-
Agrostis sylvatica Host
-
Agrostis tenella Hoffm.
-
Agrostis virletii E. Fourn. ex Hemsl.
-
Cinna karataviensis Pavlov
-
Vilfa alba Gray
-
Vilfa alba var. ramosa Gray
-
Vilfa compressa (Willd.) P.Beauv.
-
Vilfa dispar (Michx.) P.Beauv.
-
Vilfa gigantea (Roth) P.Beauv.
-
Vilfa nigra (With.) Gray[7][8]
Referencias
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Agrostis gigantea: Brief Summary
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Agrostis gigantea es una especie de planta herbácea de la familia de las poáceas.
![src=]()
Inflorescancias
![src=]()
Ilustración
![src=]()
Detalle de la lígula
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Suur kastehein
(
Estonian
)
provided by wikipedia ET
Suur kastehein (Agrostis gigantea) on kõrreliste sugukonda kuuluv taimeliik.
Taime kõrgus on 40–120 cm, erandjuhtudel kuni 150 cm.
Välislingid
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Suur kastehein: Brief Summary
(
Estonian
)
provided by wikipedia ET
Suur kastehein (Agrostis gigantea) on kõrreliste sugukonda kuuluv taimeliik.
Taime kõrgus on 40–120 cm, erandjuhtudel kuni 150 cm.
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Isorölli
(
Finnish
)
provided by wikipedia FI
Isorölli (Agrostis gigantea) on heinälaji röllien suvussa. Se on monivuotinen ja kasvaa mätästävänä enintään metrin korkuiseksi. Se muistuttaa paljon rönsyrölliä (Agrostis stolonifera), mutta lajilla ei ole pintarönsyjä vain maarönsyjä. Isoröllin muunnoksia ovat järvi-isorölli (Agrostis gigantea var. repens), meri-isorölli (Agrostis gigantea var. glaucescens) ja rikkaisorölli (Agrostis gigantea var. gigantea). Isorölli voi risteytyä nurmiröllin (Agrostis capillaris) ja rönsyröllin (Agrostis stolonifera) kanssa.
Isorölliä tavataan koko Suomessa, etelässä runsaammin ja pohjoisessa harvemmin. Sitä kasvaa ainakin järvien, jokien ja merenrannoilla, niityillä, kesannoilla, pientareilla, joutomailla, tienvarsilla.
Lähteet
- Hämet-Ahti, Leena, Suominen, Juha, Ulvinen, Tauno & Uotila, Pertti (toim.) 1998: Retkeilykasvio, 4. uudistettu painos, 656 s. Luonnontieteellisen keskusmuseon kasvimuseo. Helsinki.
Aiheesta muualla
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Isorölli: Brief Summary
(
Finnish
)
provided by wikipedia FI
Isorölli (Agrostis gigantea) on heinälaji röllien suvussa. Se on monivuotinen ja kasvaa mätästävänä enintään metrin korkuiseksi. Se muistuttaa paljon rönsyrölliä (Agrostis stolonifera), mutta lajilla ei ole pintarönsyjä vain maarönsyjä. Isoröllin muunnoksia ovat järvi-isorölli (Agrostis gigantea var. repens), meri-isorölli (Agrostis gigantea var. glaucescens) ja rikkaisorölli (Agrostis gigantea var. gigantea). Isorölli voi risteytyä nurmiröllin (Agrostis capillaris) ja rönsyröllin (Agrostis stolonifera) kanssa.
Isorölliä tavataan koko Suomessa, etelässä runsaammin ja pohjoisessa harvemmin. Sitä kasvaa ainakin järvien, jokien ja merenrannoilla, niityillä, kesannoilla, pientareilla, joutomailla, tienvarsilla.
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Agrostis gigantea
(
French
)
provided by wikipedia FR
Agrostis gigantea (agrostide géante ou agrostide blanche, aussi appelée localement « traîne » ou « éternue »[1], est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae.
C'est une espèce vivace par ses rhizomes traçants, qui se comporte comme une mauvaise herbe dans les grandes cultures, mais qui est parfois cultivée pour lutter contre l'érosion des sols dans les zones perturbées. Elle est très fréquente dans les prairies permanentes et parfois dans les prairies cultivées (plante envahissante).
Description
![src=]()
Feuilles et ligules de l'Agrostide géante
![src=]()
Panicule épanouie d'Agrostide géante
Appareil végétatif
Cette plante vivace à rhizome mesure de 20 à 150 cm de hauteur[1]. Les feuilles sont dépourvues de poils et présentent une ligule membraneuse, translucide, d’environ 1,5 à 6 mm de longueur[2]. Chaque feuille mesure 5 à 30 cm de longueur pour 3 à 10 mm de largeur[2].
Appareil reproducteur
L'inflorescence est une panicule d'épillets aux rameaux de taille inégale, porté par une tige lisse à port dressé. Une panicule d'Agrostis géante peut atteindre jusqu'à 25 cm de longueur[1]; sa forme globale est oblongue ou conique et sa couleur à maturité est jaune, parfois teinté de pourpre. Chaque épillet mesure en moyenne 2 mm[1], est constitué de deux glumes de taille sensiblement égale qui enferment deux glumelles transparentes et les organes reproducteurs. La glumelle inférieure deux fois plus longue que la glumelle supérieure[1].
Le fruit est un caryopse allongé qui, lorsqu'il est disséminé, tombe en laissant les glumes sur la plante.
Espèces similaires
Agrostis gigantea a une proche parenté avec Agrostis capillaris et Agrostis stolonifera, avec lesquelles elle est susceptible de s'hybrider[2].
Répartition et habitat
Cette plante originaire de l'Eurasie et de l'Afrique du Nord a été introduite accidentellement ou comme plante fourragère dans d'autres régions du globe, comme en Australie ou en Amérique du Nord[2].
Elle n'est plus cultivée comme plante prairiale mais était ou est devenue spontanée dans les prairies permanentes des zones tempérées ou froides[3]. Elle peut être envahissante dans les prairies temporaires.
![src=]()
Agrostis gigantea Roth (Syn.
Agrostis alba auct. non L.),
Flora batava
Elle pousse sur sols plutôt humides. Cette graminée des prairies a tendance à envahir les champs cultivés.
Notes et références
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Agrostis gigantea: Brief Summary
(
French
)
provided by wikipedia FR
Agrostis gigantea (agrostide géante ou agrostide blanche, aussi appelée localement « traîne » ou « éternue », est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae.
C'est une espèce vivace par ses rhizomes traçants, qui se comporte comme une mauvaise herbe dans les grandes cultures, mais qui est parfois cultivée pour lutter contre l'érosion des sols dans les zones perturbées. Elle est très fréquente dans les prairies permanentes et parfois dans les prairies cultivées (plante envahissante).
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Feorainn dhubh
(
Irish
)
provided by wikipedia GA
Is planda í an fheorainn dhubh.
Is síol é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán
Gaeilge a dhéanamh.
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Hoberska wjechelca
(
Upper Sorbian
)
provided by wikipedia HSB
Hoberska wjechelca (Agrostis gigantea) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).
Wopis
Stejnišćo
Rozšěrjenje
Wužiwanje
Nóžki
-
↑ Pawoł Völkel: Prawopisny słownik hornjoserbskeje rěče. Hornjoserbsko-němski słownik. Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin 2005, ISBN 3-7420-1920-1, str. 543.
-
↑ W internetowym słowniku: Straußgras
Žórła
- Brankačk, Jurij: Wobrazowy słownik hornjoserbskich rostlinskich mjenow na CD ROM. Rěčny centrum WITAJ, wudaće za serbske šule. Budyšin 2005.
- Kubát, K. (Hlavní editor): Klíč ke květeně České republiky. Academia, Praha (2002)
- Lajnert, Jan: Rostlinske mjena. Serbske. Němske. Łaćanske. Rjadowane po přirodnym systemje. Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag Berlin (1954)
- Rězak, Filip: Němsko-serbski wšowědny słownik hornjołužiskeje rěče. Donnerhak, Budyšin (1920)
Eksterne wotkazy
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Hoberska wjechelca: Brief Summary
(
Upper Sorbian
)
provided by wikipedia HSB
Hoberska wjechelca (Agrostis gigantea) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).
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Didžioji smilga
(
Lithuanian
)
provided by wikipedia LT
Binomas Agrostis gigantea Didžioji smilga (Agrostis gigantea) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos žolinių augalų rūšis. Natūraliai auga Eurazijoje, tačiau dabar paplitusi ir Šiaurės Amerikoje.
Augalas daugiametis, stačiastiebis, 40-100 cm aukščio. Lapai linijiški. Žydi vasaros pradžioje iki 15 cm ilgio šluotelėmis. Sėklos iki 1,5 mm ilgio.
Auga vandens telkinių pakrantėse, drėgnose pievose ir lankose.
Svarbus pašarinis augalas, ypač mėgiamas arklių.
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Didžioji smilga: Brief Summary
(
Lithuanian
)
provided by wikipedia LT
Didžioji smilga (Agrostis gigantea) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos žolinių augalų rūšis. Natūraliai auga Eurazijoje, tačiau dabar paplitusi ir Šiaurės Amerikoje.
Augalas daugiametis, stačiastiebis, 40-100 cm aukščio. Lapai linijiški. Žydi vasaros pradžioje iki 15 cm ilgio šluotelėmis. Sėklos iki 1,5 mm ilgio.
Auga vandens telkinių pakrantėse, drėgnose pievose ir lankose.
Svarbus pašarinis augalas, ypač mėgiamas arklių.
![src=]()
Žiedynas
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Lielā smilga
(
Latvian
)
provided by wikipedia LV
Lielā smilga (latīņu: Agrostis gigantea) ir daudzgadīgs 30—100 cm augsts lakstaugs. Bieži sastopams mitrās pļavās, mežmalās, krastmalās.
Raksturojums
Lielās smilgas saknenis ir ložņājošs, stīgojošu virszemes dzinumu nav. Ceri brīvi. Stumbri spēcīgi, gludi, taisni vai pacili. Lapas pamīšus, vienkāršas, veselas, lineāras, plakanas, abās pusēs raupjas, ar daudziem dzelonīšiem. Lapu makstis garas, gludas, mēlīte garena, smaila, līdz 0,6 cm gara. Zied jūnijā un jūlijā. Ziedkopa — ziedēšanas laikā izpletusies skara, līdz ziedēšanai un pēc noziedēšanas saspiesta, ar tieviem, skarbiem zariņiem, kas sakopoti pa nedaudziem atstatos pušķos. Vārpiņas ar 1 ziedu. Vārpiņas plēksnes aptuveni vienādas, lancetiskas, tikpat garas kā vārpiņa; ārējai plēksnei 1 dzīsla, iekšējai — 1—3 dzīslas. Zieda plēksnes 2, ārējā plēksne līdz divreiz garāka par iekšējo, bez akota vai ar īsu akotu, ar 5 dzīslām un gludu virsmu. Auglis - ap 0,1 cm garš grauds. Pavasarī attīstās samērā vēlu. Lpobarības vērtība diezgan augsta (100 kg siena satur 51—58 barības vienības). Mājdzīvnieki to ēd labprāt kā ganībās, tā arī siena veidā. Pēc nopļaušanas ātri ataug un dod labu atālu. Der arī zālienu ierīkošanai parkos.
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Lielā smilga: Brief Summary
(
Latvian
)
provided by wikipedia LV
Lielā smilga (latīņu: Agrostis gigantea) ir daudzgadīgs 30—100 cm augsts lakstaugs. Bieži sastopams mitrās pļavās, mežmalās, krastmalās.
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Hoog struisgras
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Hoog struisgras (Agrostis gigantea, synoniemen: Agrostis stolonifera subsp. gigantea en Agrostis nigra) is een zodevormende vaste plant die behoort tot de grassenfamilie ('Poaceae). Ook wordt hoog struisgras vaak aangeduid met de botanische naam Agrostis alba. Een probleem hierbij is dat Linnaeus deze naam aan een andere plant heeft gegeven. Ook wit struisgras Agrostis stolonifera wordt wel Agrostis alba genoemd. Er bestaat dan ook veel verwarring bij het gebruik van de botanische naam Agrostis alba. Hoog struisgras heeft 2n = 42 chromosomen en heeft geen bovengrondse uitlopers, terwijl wit struisgras, zoals de botanische naam al zegt, veel bovengrondse uitlopers vormt.
De plant wordt 40-120 cm hoog en vormt wortelstokken met lichtbruine 5-7 mm brede schubben. De zeer ruwe bladeren zijn tot 8 mm breed , 20 cm lang en het getande tongetje (ligula) is 3-6 mm lang.
Hoog struisgras bloeit in juni tot augustus met 8-25 cm lange pluimen, die ook na de bloei wijd blijven openstaan. De eennervige kelkkafjes, op de nerf zeer ruw, zijn 2,5 mm lang. De aartjes zijn 2-3 mm lang. Het onderste kroonkafje (lemma) is ongenaald, maar ook een kort naaldje vlak bij de top kan voorkomen. Het onderste kroonkafje is ongeveer 2 mm en twee keer zo lang als het bovenste. De gele helmhokjes zijn ongeveer 2 mm lang. De vrucht is een graanvrucht.
Hoog struisgras komt voor op vochtige en voedselrijke gronden, in bermen en langs greppels.
Namen in andere talen
- Duits: Weisses straussgras, Riesenstraussgras
- Engels: Redtop, Black bent
- Frans: Agrostide blanche, Agrostis géant
Externe links
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Hoog struisgras: Brief Summary
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Hoog struisgras (Agrostis gigantea, synoniemen: Agrostis stolonifera subsp. gigantea en Agrostis nigra) is een zodevormende vaste plant die behoort tot de grassenfamilie ('Poaceae). Ook wordt hoog struisgras vaak aangeduid met de botanische naam Agrostis alba. Een probleem hierbij is dat Linnaeus deze naam aan een andere plant heeft gegeven. Ook wit struisgras Agrostis stolonifera wordt wel Agrostis alba genoemd. Er bestaat dan ook veel verwarring bij het gebruik van de botanische naam Agrostis alba. Hoog struisgras heeft 2n = 42 chromosomen en heeft geen bovengrondse uitlopers, terwijl wit struisgras, zoals de botanische naam al zegt, veel bovengrondse uitlopers vormt.
De plant wordt 40-120 cm hoog en vormt wortelstokken met lichtbruine 5-7 mm brede schubben. De zeer ruwe bladeren zijn tot 8 mm breed , 20 cm lang en het getande tongetje (ligula) is 3-6 mm lang.
Hoog struisgras bloeit in juni tot augustus met 8-25 cm lange pluimen, die ook na de bloei wijd blijven openstaan. De eennervige kelkkafjes, op de nerf zeer ruw, zijn 2,5 mm lang. De aartjes zijn 2-3 mm lang. Het onderste kroonkafje (lemma) is ongenaald, maar ook een kort naaldje vlak bij de top kan voorkomen. Het onderste kroonkafje is ongeveer 2 mm en twee keer zo lang als het bovenste. De gele helmhokjes zijn ongeveer 2 mm lang. De vrucht is een graanvrucht.
Hoog struisgras komt voor op vochtige en voedselrijke gronden, in bermen en langs greppels.
![src=]()
Hoog struisgras
![src=]()
Bloeiende plant
![src=]()
In bloei
![src=]()
Bloeiwijze
![src=]()
tongetje
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Mietlica olbrzymia
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Mietlica olbrzymia (Agrostis gigantea Roth) - gatunek rośliny z rodziny wiechlinowatych. Znana jest także pod nazwami mietlica biaława i perzówka[potrzebny przypis]. Jako gatunek rodzimy występuje w Eurazji. Ponadto zawleczony do Ameryki, Australii i południowej Afryki[2]. W Polsce pospolita trawa, występująca na żyznych terenach od nieznacznie suchych do niezbyt wilgotnych, niżowych.
Morfologia
- Pokrój
- Zielona roślina, tworząca rozłogi i luźne kępy.
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Łodyga
- Jej źdźbła wysokie na 40-100 cm są dość obficie i równomiernie ulistnione.
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Liście
- Liście koloru szarozielonego, dość niewielkie o kształcie lancetowatym, wyraźnie unerwione . U podstawy posiadają otwartą pochwę liściową i długi języczek.
-
Kwiaty
-
Wiatropylna, kwiatostan w postaci długiej na 15 cm wiechy. Białawe, podłużne i drobne kłoski wytwarzają jeden kwiatek.
-
Nasiona
- Oplewione ziarniaki o barwie szaro-brunatnej, szerokości do 0,3 mm i długości do 1,5 mm.
Biologia i ekologia
Roślina wieloletnia, rozwija się późną wiosną wiosną, kwitnie pod koniec czerwca. Gatunek charakterystyczny klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea[3].
Zmienność
Gatunek zróżnicowany na dwa podgatunki[2]:
-
Agrostis gigantea subsp. gigantea - występuje w całym zasięgu gatunku
-
Agrostis gigantea subsp. maeotica (Klokov) Tzvelev - rośnie w południowej Ukrainie i na Krymie
Zastosowanie
Trawa uprawna o bardzo dobrych właściwościach pastewnych. Stosowana na wilgotne łąki i pastwiska. Gatunek bardzo lubiany przez konie. Naturalne siedliska to łęgi.
Zobacz też
Przypisy
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Mietlica olbrzymia: Brief Summary
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
Mietlica olbrzymia (Agrostis gigantea Roth) - gatunek rośliny z rodziny wiechlinowatych. Znana jest także pod nazwami mietlica biaława i perzówka[potrzebny przypis]. Jako gatunek rodzimy występuje w Eurazji. Ponadto zawleczony do Ameryki, Australii i południowej Afryki. W Polsce pospolita trawa, występująca na żyznych terenach od nieznacznie suchych do niezbyt wilgotnych, niżowych.
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Agrostis stolonifera subsp. gigantea
(
Portuguese
)
provided by wikipedia PT
Agrostis stolonifera gigantea é uma espécie de gramínea do gênero Agrostis, pertencente à família Poaceae.[1]
Referências
Bibliografia
- Barrie, F. R. 2006. Report of the General Committee: 9. Taxon 55:796.
- Brummitt, R. K. 1995. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 43. Taxon 44:611–612.
- Jarvis, C. E. 1991. Seventy-two proposals for the conservation of types of selected Linnaean generic names, the report of Subcommittee 3C on the lectotypification of Linnaean generic names. Taxon 41:552–583.
- Leena Hämet-Ahti et al.: Retkeilykasvio. Helsinki: Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Kasvimuseo, 1998. ISBN 951-45-8167-9
- Nicolson, D. H. 1999. Report of the General Committee: 8. Taxon 48:373–374
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Agrostis stolonifera subsp. gigantea: Brief Summary
(
Portuguese
)
provided by wikipedia PT
Agrostis stolonifera gigantea é uma espécie de gramínea do gênero Agrostis, pertencente à família Poaceae.
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Storven
(
Swedish
)
provided by wikipedia SV
Storven (Agrostis gigantea) är en växtart i familjen gräs.
Externa länkar
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Storven: Brief Summary
(
Swedish
)
provided by wikipedia SV
Storven (Agrostis gigantea) är en växtart i familjen gräs.
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Мітлиця велетенська
(
Ukrainian
)
provided by wikipedia UK
Загальна біоморфологічна характеристика
![src=]()
Ілюстрація мітлиці велетенської у книзі
Яна Копса «Flora Batava», Volume 6 (1832)
Кореневищний багаторічник. Кореневища з підземними пагонами. Стебло прямостояче або висхідне, 30-120 см заввишки. Листя лінійно-ланцетні, зазвичай плоскі, 2-8 мм завширшки, шорсткі. Язичок 2-6 мм завдовжки, на верхівці розщеплений. Волоть 7-20 см завдовжки, пухка, після цвітіння стиснута, з догори спрямованими гілочками. Колоски буро-фіолетові або зеленуваті. Колоскові луски загострені, по кілю шорсткі. Нижня квіткова луска без ості або дуже рідко з коротенькою, легко відпадаючою остю, верхня значно коротша за нижню. Пиляки 1-1,5 мм завдовжки. Рослина зелена. Цвіте у червні-липні, плодоносить у липні-серпні.
Число хромосом: 28.
Поширення
-
Азія
-
Західна Азія: Афганістан; Іран; Ірак; Туреччина
-
Кавказ: Вірменія; Азербайджан; Грузія; Російська Федерація — Передкавказзя, Дагестан
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Сибір: Росія — Алтайський край, Бурятія, Чита, Республіка Алтай, Іркутська область, Кемеровська область, Красноярський край, Курганська область, Новосибірська область, Омська область, Томська область, Тува, Тюменська область, Республіка Саха
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Середня Азія: Казахстан; Киргизстан; Таджикистан; Туркменистан; Узбекистан
- Монголія
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Далекий Схід Росії: Росія — Амурська область, Камчатська область, Хабаровський край, Магаданська область, Приморський край, Сахалінська область
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Китай: Китай — Аньхой, Ганьсу, Хебей, Хейлунцзян, Хенань, Хубей, Цзянсу, Цзянсі, Цзілінь, Ляонін, Внутрішня Монголія, Нінся, Цинхай, Шеньсі, Шаньдун, Шаньсі, Сичуань, Синьцзян, Юньнань, Чжецзян
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Східна Азія: Корея
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Тропічна Азія
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Європа
Культивування
Екологія
Мешкає на луках, прирічкових пісках, галечниках, лісових галявинах, в розріджених лісах, серед чагарників біля доріг, сирих луках і покладах, лугових болотах, берегах водойм, приморських засолених луках, на полях і плантаціях сільськогосподарських культур, до верхнього поясу гір. Звичайна рослина на вологих трав'янистих місцях.
Господарське значення
Зрідка зустрічається як бур'ян в посівах озимих зернових, частіше в житі, на городах, в садах, в посівах багаторічних трав і як рудеральна в населених пунктах. Переважно в лісовій зоні, південніше втрачає своє значення бур'яна і в посівах не зустрічається.
Основні заходи боротьби: правильна система обробітку ґрунту в багатопільній сівозміні із застосуванням чистих і зайнятих парів; очистка насіннєвого матеріалу.
Див. також
Примітки
Література
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Губанов И. А., Киселева К. В., Новиков В. С., Тихомиров В. Н. Иллюстрированный определитель растений Средней России. Т. 2. М.: Т-во научных изданий КМК, 2002. 526 с.
- Конспект флоры Псковской области. Ред. Миняев Н. А. Ленинград: Ленинградский Университет, 1970. 176 с.
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Никитин В. В. Сорные растения флоры СССР. Ленинград: Наука, 1983. 454 с.
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Цвелев Н. Н. Злаки СССР. Ленинград: Наука, Ленинградское отделение, 1976. 788 с.
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Черепанов С. К. 1995. Сосудистые растения России и сопредельных государств. СПб.: Мир и семья. 990 с.
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С. С. Харкевич. Сосудистые растения советского Дальнего Востока. Ленинград: Наука, 1985–398 стр. (рос.)
- Ломоносова М. Н., Большаков Н. М., Красноборов И. М., Кашина Л. И., Турицина Н. Н., Гельтман Д. В., Шемберг М. П. Флора Сибири (в 14 томах). Том 2. Poaceae (Gramineae). Под ред. д-ра биол.наук, проф. Кроасноборова И. М., д-ра биол. наук Малышева Л. И. — Новосибирск, Наука. Сиб. отделение, 1990, 361 стр. ISBN 5-02-028894-2 (рос.)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn — ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). (швед.)
- Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). (англ.)
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. (англ.)
- CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (англ.)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (англ.)
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (англ.)
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). (англ.)
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. (англ.)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). (англ.)
- Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. (англ.)
- Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. (англ.)
- Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. 2006. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist. (англ.)
- Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). (англ.)
- International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. (англ.)
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (англ.)
- Marzocca, A. 1994. Guia descriptiva de malezas del cono sur. 44. (англ.)
- Office of the Union. 2009. UPOV: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. List of the taxa protected by the members of the Union. (англ.)
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). (англ.)
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. (англ.)
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (англ.)
- Rugolo de Agrasar, Z. E. & A. M. Molina. 1997. Las especies del género Agrostis L. (Gramineae: Agrostideae) de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 54:104. (англ.)
- Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). (англ.)
- Sell, P. & G. Murrell. 1996-. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. (англ.)
- Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. (англ.)
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. [with two subspecies]. (англ.)
- Ugarte, E. et al. 2011. Vascular alien flora, Chile. Check List 7:365-382. (англ.)
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). (англ.)
- Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catalogo de la familia Poaceae en la Republica Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47. (англ.)
Джерела
Посилання
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
Agrostis gigantea
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Agrostis gigantea là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được Roth mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1788.[2]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
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^ John Hilty (ngày 23 tháng 11 năm 2007). “Redtop”. Grasses, Sedges, and Non-Flowering Plants of Illinois. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 12 tháng 12 năm 2007. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 12 năm 2007.
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^ The Plant List (2010). “Agrostis gigantea”. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 6 năm 2013.
Liên kết ngoài
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Agrostis gigantea: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Agrostis gigantea là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được Roth mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1788.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Полевица гигантская
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Полевица гигантская
Международное научное название
Agrostis gigantea Roth, 1788
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 40414NCBI 345916EOL 1114174GRIN t:2027IPNI 385783-1TPL kew-389634 Полевица гигантская (лат. Agróstis gigántea), также полевица белая — многолетний рыхлодерновинный злак, вид рода Полевица (Agrostis).
Обыкновенный луговой злак, встречающийся в умеренных регионах Евразии, занесённый в Северную Америку.
Ботаническое описание
Многолетнее рыхлодерновинное растение с ползучим корневищем. Надземных столонов не образует. Стебли (15)40—120(150) см высотой, прямостоячие или в нижней части восходящие, гладкие, с 3—6 узлами, в нижних узлах укореняющиеся.
Листья тёмно-зелёные, свёрнутые, затем плоские, 5—20 см длиной и 2—8 мм шириной, линейные, на конце заострённые. Язычок 1,5—6(12) мм длиной, на верхушке тупой, неправильно зубчатый, плёнчатый.
Колоски 2—3 мм длиной, ланцетные до продолговатых, зелёные до фиолетовых, очень многочисленные, на ножках 0,5—3 мм длиной собранные в метёлку (5)7—25 см длиной, до и после цветения сжатую, а во время цветения раскидистую, многократно ветвистую, веточки её шероховатые, в мутовках. Цветки по одному в колоске, пыльники в числе трёх, 1—1,4 мм длиной. Колосковые чешуи 2—3 мм длиной, иногда едва неравные по длине, ланцетные, плёнчатые, заострённые на конце, с одной жилкой, в верхней части по килю шероховатые. Нижняя цветковая чешуя не более 2,2 мм длиной, яйцевидно-продолговатая или продолговатая, с тупой верхушкой, с 3—5 жилками, обыкновенно безостая, реже с очень короткой остью. Верхняя цветковая чешуя эллиптическая, не более 1,4 мм длиной.
Зерновка 1—1,5 мм длиной, эллиптическая, скрыта в тонких цветковых чешуях.
Распространение
Широко распространённое в умеренных регионах Евразии растение. В Северной Америке, Австралии и Новой Зеландии — заносное, местами вытесняет местные виды.
Встречается на лугах и в светлых лесах, по берегам рек, у дорог.
Таксономия
Синонимы
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Agrostis alba subsp. dubia (Leers) K.Richt., 1890
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Agrostis alba subsp. gigantea (Roth) Arcang., 1882
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Agrostis alba var. compressa (Willd.) Petif, 1830
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Agrostis alba var. dispar (Michx.) Alph.Wood, 1861
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Agrostis alba var. flavida (Schur) Degen, 1936
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Agrostis alba var. gigantea (Roth) Lej., 1824
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Agrostis alba var. major Gaudin, 1828
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Agrostis alba var. silvatica (Host) Druce, 1931, nom. illeg.
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Agrostis capillaris var. nigra (With.) Druce, 1932
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Agrostis compressa Willd., 1790
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Agrostis dispar Michx., 1803
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Agrostis dubia Leers, 1775
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Agrostis flavida Schur, 1859
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Agrostis graniticola Klokov, 1950
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Agrostis maeotica Klokov, 1950
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Agrostis nigra With., 1796
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Agrostis palustris var. major (Gaudin) Druce, 1927
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Agrostis praticola Klokov, 1950
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Agrostis repens Curtis, 1790
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Agrostis sabulicola Klokov, 1950
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Agrostis silvatica Host, 1809, nom. illeg.
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Agrostis stolonifera subsp. gigantea (Roth) Schübl. & G.Martens, 1834
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Agrostis stolonifera var. gigantea (Roth) Bréb., 1835
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Agrostis stolonifera var. major (Gaudin) Farw., 1919
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Agrostis vulgaris var. dubia (Leers) Duby, 1828
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Agrostis vulgaris var. nigra (With.) Hook.f., 1884
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Vilfa dispar (Michx.) P.Beauv., 1812
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Vilfa gigantea (Roth) P.Beauv., 1812
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Vilfa nigra (With.) Gray, 1821
и другие.
Примечания
Полевица гигантская: Brief Summary
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Полевица гигантская (лат. Agróstis gigántea), также полевица белая — многолетний рыхлодерновинный злак, вид рода Полевица (Agrostis).
Обыкновенный луговой злак, встречающийся в умеренных регионах Евразии, занесённый в Северную Америку.
巨序剪股颖
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
巨序剪股颖: Brief Summary
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
巨序剪股颖（学名：Agrostis gigantea），为禾本科剪股颖属下的一个植物种。
コヌカグサ
(
Japanese
)
provided by wikipedia 日本語
コヌカグサ: Brief Summary
(
Japanese
)
provided by wikipedia 日本語
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