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Dictyosperma album (Bory) Scheff.

Dictyosperma

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Dictyosperma is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues). The sole species, Dictyosperma album, is widely cultivated in the tropics but has been farmed to near extinction in its native habitat.[3] It is commonly called princess palm or hurricane palm, the latter owing to its ability to withstand strong winds by easily shedding leaves.[4] It is closely related to, and resembles, palms in the genus Archontophoenix.[4] The genus is named from two Greek words meaning "net" and "seed" and the epithet is Latin for "white", the common color of the crownshaft at the top of the trunk.

Description

Fruit

The ringed trunks are solitary at 15 cm in diameter with a slight bulge at the base, occasionally reaching up to 12 m in height. The crownshaft is over a meter tall, swollen at the base, and covered in white wax— which has given the palm its epithet album— and small, matted brown hairs, producing a rounded leaf crown 4.5 m wide and 3 m tall. The 2.5 to 3 m leaves are borne on short 30 cm petioles; the arching leaflets are pointed at the apice, from 60 – 90 cm, dark green in color, and emerge from the rachis in a single plane.

On flowering, they produce up to six inflorescences which ring the trunk below the crownshaft, branched to one order, with white to yellow flowers, which are male and female; both pistillate and staminate flowers have three sepals and three petals, the former being smaller than the latter. The ovoid fruit ripen to purple or black in color, containing one brown, ellipsoidal seed.

Three varieties are currently recognized:

  • Dictyosperma album var. album (Bory) Scheff. - Mauritius, Réunion
  • Dictyosperma album var. aureum Balf.f. in J.G.Baker - Rodrigues Island
  • Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum H.E.Moore & J.Guého - 2 remaining specimens on Île Ronde of Mauritius (Characterised by shorter trunk and white leaf-scar)

Distribution and habitat

Living in the coastal forests of the Mascarenes, they experience warm temperatures, high humidity and regular rainfall.[5]

Asterolecanium dictyospermae

Asterolecanium dictyospermae is a species of sap sucking scale insect found only on Île Ronde on the two remaining Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum specimens. It apparently evolved on Île Ronde and became restricted to feeding upon the island's endemic variety, and due to interbreeding (between varieties) on Mauritius itself which jeopardized reproductive potential, the scale insect increased in population as a result of stress upon the host, which then threatens the existence of both host and scale insect.[6]

References

  1. ^ H.A. Wendland & Drude, Linnaea 39:181. 1875 Type:D. album
  2. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ Dictyosperma album, Floridata website (accessed March 19, 2008)
  4. ^ a b Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-558-6 / ISBN 978-0-88192-558-6
  5. ^ Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. ISBN 0-935868-30-5 / ISBN 978-0-935868-30-2
  6. ^ "A new species of Asterolecanium Targioni Tozzetti (Homoptera: Asterolecaniidae) on a palm in Round Island, Mauritius: a conservation puzzle". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2018-12-28.

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Dictyosperma: Brief Summary

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Dictyosperma is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues). The sole species, Dictyosperma album, is widely cultivated in the tropics but has been farmed to near extinction in its native habitat. It is commonly called princess palm or hurricane palm, the latter owing to its ability to withstand strong winds by easily shedding leaves. It is closely related to, and resembles, palms in the genus Archontophoenix. The genus is named from two Greek words meaning "net" and "seed" and the epithet is Latin for "white", the common color of the crownshaft at the top of the trunk.

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Uragana palmo ( Esperanto )

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La uragana palmo (Dictyosperma album) estas endemia palmospecio sur Maskarenoj, kreskante ĝis 20 m.

Ĝia subspecio estas Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum kaj ĝi kreskas sur la Rond-insulo apud Maŭricio. El ĝi havis en 1975 ankoraŭ 5 ekzempleroj, en 1982 jam nur unu.

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Dictyosperma album ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Dictyosperma es un género monotípico de planta perteneciente a la familia de las palmeras (Arecaceae). Su única especie: Dictyosperma album, es nativa de las Mascareñas. Es comúnmente llamado palmera princesa o palmera huracán, el último debido a su capacidad para soportar los vientos fuertes porque se desprende fácilmente de las hojas.[3]​ Está estrechamente relacionada y se asemeja, al género Archontophoenix.

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Detalle de tallo y hojas

Descripción

Tiene troncos anillados solitarios que alcanza los 15 cm de diámetro con una ligera protuberancia en la base, en ocasiones alcanza hasta 12 m de altura. El capitel es de más de un metro de alto, hinchado en la base, y cubierto de cera blanca, que ha dado a la palma de su epíteto álbum y pequeños pelos enmarañados, marrón, produciendo una hoja redondeada de 4,5 m de ancho y 3 m de altura. Las hojas nacen en pecíolos cortos de 30 cm, de color verde oscuro en color, y se desprenden de los raquis en un solo plano.

En la floración, que producen en hasta seis inflorescencias que rodean el tronco por debajo del capitel, con flores de color blanco a amarillo, hermafroditas, ambas pistiladas y flores masculinas tienen tres sépalos y tres pétalos, siendo el primero más pequeño que el segundo. Las frutas ovoides maduran de color morado o negro, y contiene una semilla marrón, elipsoidal.

Taxonomía

Dictyosperma album fue descrita por (Bory) H.Wendl. & Drude ex-Scheff. y publicado en Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg 1: 157. 1876.[4]

Etimología

Dictyosperma: nombre genérico compuesto por las palabras diktyon = "red" y sperma = "semilla", en referencia a las ramas del tipo de red en la superficie de la semilla.[5]

album: epíteto latino que significa "blanco".

Variedades
Sinonimia
var. album
  • Areca borbonica Kunth
  • Areca furfuracea H.Wendl.
  • Areca lactea Miq.
  • Areca pisifera Lodd. ex Hook.f.
  • Areca propia Miq.
  • Areca rubra H.Wendl.
  • Dictyosperma furfuraceum H.Wendl. & Drude
  • Dictyosperma rubrum H.Wendl. & Drude
  • Sublimia palmicaulis Comm. ex Mart.
var. aureum Balf.f.
  • Areca aurea Van Houtte
  • Dictyosperma aureum (Balf.f.) G.Nicholson
  • Dictyosperma aureum (hort.) H. Wendl. & Drude

Referencias

  1. H.A. Wendland & Drude, Linnaea 39:181. 1875 Type:D. album
  2. a b «Dictyosperma». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 14 de agosto de 2009.
  3. Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-558-6 / ISBN 978-0-88192-558-6
  4. «Dictyosperma album». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2012.
  5. J. Dransfield, N. Uhl, C. Asmussen, W.J. Baker, M. Harley and C. Lewis. 2008)

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Dictyosperma album: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Dictyosperma es un género monotípico de planta perteneciente a la familia de las palmeras (Arecaceae). Su única especie: Dictyosperma album, es nativa de las Mascareñas. Es comúnmente llamado palmera princesa o palmera huracán, el último debido a su capacidad para soportar los vientos fuertes porque se desprende fácilmente de las hojas.​ Está estrechamente relacionada y se asemeja, al género Archontophoenix.

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Palmiste blanc ( French )

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Dictyosperma album

Le palmiste blanc (Dictyosperma album) est un palmier endémique des îles Mascareignes à grandes feuilles pennées. Il peut atteindre plus de 20 m de hauteur. Il résiste particulièrement aux cyclones, d'où l'un de ses noms en anglais "Hurricane palm".

C'est une des espèces dont le cœur du bourgeon terminal est parfois, sous le nom de chou palmiste, consommé à l'île Maurice et à La Réunion. À La Réunion, le chou est cependant très rarement commercialisé, contrairement à celui du palmiste rouge.

Le palmiste blanc a quasiment disparu du milieu naturel des îles Mascareignes, mais il est cultivé pour l'ornement dans les jardins et se propage facilement.

 src=
jeune palmiste
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fructification

Informations complémentaires

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Palmiste blanc: Brief Summary ( French )

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Dictyosperma album

Le palmiste blanc (Dictyosperma album) est un palmier endémique des îles Mascareignes à grandes feuilles pennées. Il peut atteindre plus de 20 m de hauteur. Il résiste particulièrement aux cyclones, d'où l'un de ses noms en anglais "Hurricane palm".

C'est une des espèces dont le cœur du bourgeon terminal est parfois, sous le nom de chou palmiste, consommé à l'île Maurice et à La Réunion. À La Réunion, le chou est cependant très rarement commercialisé, contrairement à celui du palmiste rouge.

Le palmiste blanc a quasiment disparu du milieu naturel des îles Mascareignes, mais il est cultivé pour l'ornement dans les jardins et se propage facilement.

 src= jeune palmiste  src= fructification
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Dictyosperma album ( Italian )

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Dictyosperma album (Bory) H. Wendl. & Drude ex-Scheff. è una palma endemica delle isole Mascarene (Mauritius, Réunion e Rodrigues). È l'unica specie nota del genere Dictyosperma H. Wendl. & Drude.[1]

Descrizione

Tassonomia

Sono note tre varietà:[1]

  • Dictyosperma album var. album (Bory) Scheff. - diffusa a Mauritius e Réunion
  • Dictyosperma album var. aureum Balf.f. in J.G.Baker - endemica di Rodrigues
  • Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum H.E.Moore & J.Guého - con areale ristretto a Round Island (Mauritius), ove cresce l'unico esemplare esistente in natura[2]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Dictyosperma album, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 1º febbraio 2021.
  2. ^ (EN) Page, W. 1998, Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 19 novembre 2016.

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Dictyosperma album: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Dictyosperma album (Bory) H. Wendl. & Drude ex-Scheff. è una palma endemica delle isole Mascarene (Mauritius, Réunion e Rodrigues). È l'unica specie nota del genere Dictyosperma H. Wendl. & Drude.

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Orkāna palma ( Latvian )

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Orkāna palma (Dictyosperma album) ir palmu dzimtas suga, kas sastopama Maskarēnu salās Indijas okeāna rietumu daļā. Tā ir vienīgā Dictyosperma ģints pārstāve.[1] Palmas savvaļas populācijas ir tuvu izmiršanai.

Pieaugušas orkāna palmas lieliski un graciozi slejas gar piekrasti orkānu un vētru zonā. Savukārt mazus stādiņus iespējams audzēt arī iekštelpu apstākļos.[2]

Koku serdi uzskata par delikatesi un izmanto salātos un marinādē.[3]

Apraksts

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Nepieaugusi Raundas varietāte Dictyosperma album conjugatum Egretas salā

Stumbra augstums līdz 12 m, diametrs ap 15 cm. Stumbra pamatne nedaudz platāka. Lapu vainaga platums līdz 4,5 m, augstums — 3 m. Lapas klāj balta vaska kārtiņa, pateicoties kam tā latīniskais nosaukums ir album ("balts"). Jaunās lapiņas tumši zaļas.

Ziedi sīki, dzelteni, saliktās vārpās. Nogatavojušies augļi tumši vai melni; katrs no tiem satur vienu brūnu, elipsoīdveida sēklu.[2]

Biotopi

Sugas savvaļas populācijas sastopamas zemieņu mežos. Savvaļā palma ļoti reti sastopama, taču izplatīta daudzās plantācijās.[3]

Sistemātika

Orkāna palma veido trīs varietātes[2]:

  • Dictyosperma album var. album, (Bory) Scheff. — sastopama Maurīcijā un Reinjonā; zaļš, līdz 30 cm garš kātiņš un izteikts dzīslojums
  • Dictyosperma album var. aureum, Balf.f. in J.G.Baker — sastopama Rodrigesā; jauno lapiņu apakšpusē labi saskatāms dzeltens svītrojums un neizteikts dzīslojums
  • Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum, H.E.Moore & J.Guého — pāris saglabājušies īpatņi Raundā; īsāka palma ar lielāku stumbru, lapu galiņus savstarpēji savieno gara stīga

Galerija

Atsauces

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Orkāna palma: Brief Summary ( Latvian )

provided by wikipedia LV

Orkāna palma (Dictyosperma album) ir palmu dzimtas suga, kas sastopama Maskarēnu salās Indijas okeāna rietumu daļā. Tā ir vienīgā Dictyosperma ģints pārstāve. Palmas savvaļas populācijas ir tuvu izmiršanai.

Pieaugušas orkāna palmas lieliski un graciozi slejas gar piekrasti orkānu un vētru zonā. Savukārt mazus stādiņus iespējams audzēt arī iekštelpu apstākļos.

Koku serdi uzskata par delikatesi un izmanto salātos un marinādē.

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Dictyosperma ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Dictyosperma is een geslacht uit de palmenfamilie (Arecaceae). Het geslacht telt slechts een soort die voorkomt op de Mascarenen in het westelijke deel van de Indische Oceaan, waartoe de eilanden Mauritius, Réunion en Rodrigues behoren.

Soorten

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Dictyosperma: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Dictyosperma is een geslacht uit de palmenfamilie (Arecaceae). Het geslacht telt slechts een soort die voorkomt op de Mascarenen in het westelijke deel van de Indische Oceaan, waartoe de eilanden Mauritius, Réunion en Rodrigues behoren.

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Dictyosperma ( Portuguese )

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Dictyosperma: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Dictyosperma é um género botânico pertencente à família Arecaceae.

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Dictyosperma album ( Vietnamese )

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Dictyosperma album là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Arecaceae. Loài này được (Bory) Scheff. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1876.[3]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ H.A. Wendland & Drude, Linnaea 39:181. 1875 Type:D. album
  2. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ The Plant List (2010). Dictyosperma album. Truy cập ngày 18 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Cau này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Dictyosperma album: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Dictyosperma album là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Arecaceae. Loài này được (Bory) Scheff. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1876.

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网子椰子 ( Chinese )

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网子椰子学名Dictyosperma album)为棕榈科公主椰子属下的一个种。[1][2]

参考文献

  1. ^ 网子椰子 Dictyosperma album (Bory) Wendl. et Drude. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-1-24] (繁体中文). 请检查|access-date=中的日期值 (帮助)
  2. ^ Dictyosperma album (Bory) Scheff.. In: The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ [2018-12-12].

扩展阅读

Dictyosperma album Areca alba


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网子椰子: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

网子椰子(学名:Dictyosperma album)为棕榈科公主椰子属下的一个种。

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