dcsimg

Distribution

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Continent: Australia
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, SE West Australia)
Type locality: Interior of New South Wales.
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Strophurus intermedius

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Strophurus intermedius, also known commonly as the eastern spiny-tailed gecko or the southern spiny-tailed gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Diplodactylidae. The species is endemic to semi-arid regions of Australia in New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia, in mallee shrubland and woodland habitats.[3]

Description

S. intermedius is one of the larger species of the geckos found in Australia. It has a grey, patterned body with a pale belly.[4] It acquired its common names, eastern spiny-tailed gecko and southern spiny-tailed gecko, from the two longitudinal rows of prominent tubercles along the length of its back and tail.[5] These spines are orange-brown in colour and become more prominent towards the tail. This spiny feature acts as a defence mechanism. The spines on the tail exude a harmless yet smelly, orange fluid at the attacker.[4] Its limbs and body are strong.[5] The tips of the digits are disced like those of most species of Gekkota. The mouth has a blue lining. The iris of the eye has a bright orange rim.

The head is oviform and convex with a rounded snout and large eyes. There are no spines over the eyes. Adults have an average snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 64 mm (2.5 in). Adults are sexually dimorphic with females being larger than males.[6] Males also have large hemipenal bulges while females do not.

Taxonomy and etymology

James Douglas Ogilby was the first to identify Strophurus intermedius in 1892, when he described it as Diplodactylus intermedius, a species new to science.[5] The genus Strophurus (most species characterised by the spines along the back and tail) contains 20 recognised species, all of which are endemic to Australia. All of the species in this genus have the same unique defence mechanism of squirting harmless but smelly liquid from the spines of the tail.[4] Strophurus means "turning tail" in Latin while intermedius means "intermediate".[7]

Geographic range

S. intermedius is found in the southernmost parts of the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Queensland. It is found all throughout the states of New South Wales and South Australia, and the northern half of Victoria.[7] It is most commonly found around Alice Springs, NT.[7]

Ecology and habitat

S. intermedius is nocturnal (night active) and terrestrial (land dwelling). It is an ectotherm and is found in semi-arid, warm habitats. During the day, it will hide under rocks, bark of trees or in logs.[8][4] It is also found in spinifex grass. During the night, it is active hunting for food. It is generally found in vegetation such as shrubland, woodland and grassland.

Reproduction

S. intermedius is oviparous. The female will start reproducing at the age of two and will lay a clutch of two eggs during the summer. It takes about 45 days for the eggs to hatch. Females are reproductively active over a 6-month period.[6] Both females and males will reach maturity at two years of age.

Diet

The diet of S. intermedius consists exclusively of arthropods. These include species of spiders, centipedes, scorpions, cockroaches, crickets, beetles and their larvae.[6] Its diet overlaps largely with its relative S. spinigerus by almost 90%.[6]

Predators and threats

The anti-predator liquid which S. intermedius sprays at attackers from its tail has been observed to be aimed for birds. However, the southern spiny-tailed gecko might also encounter some introduced species of predators such as feral cats. In central Australia, feral cats have been known to feed on a wide range diet, including reptiles. It seems that during the summer, feral cats frequently feed on reptiles, including geckos:.[9]

Conservation status

S. intermedius is not a threatened species.[10] The species has been assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

References

  1. ^ Oliver P, Shea G, Cogger H (2017). "Strophurus intermedius ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T102702017A102702028 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T102702017A102702028.en. Downloaded on 13 December 2019.
  2. ^ Species Strophurus intermedius at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
  3. ^ Sass, Steven (2006). "The reptile fauna of Nombinnie Nature Reserve and State Conservation Area, western New South Wales". Australian Zoologist. 33 (4): 511–518. doi:10.7882/az.2006.022.
  4. ^ a b c d Hoser, Raymond (Spring 2005). "A new subspecies of Strophurus intermedius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from South Australia". Journal of Herpetological Society of Queensland.
  5. ^ a b c Ogilby, J. Douglas (1892). "Description of Three New Australian lizards". Records of the Australian Museum. 2: 6–11. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.2.1892.1180. (Diplodactylus intermedius, new species, pp. 10-11).
  6. ^ a b c d How RA, Dell J, Wellington BD (1986). "Comparative Biology of Eight Species of Diplodactylus Gecko in Western Australia". Herpetologica. 42 (4): 471–482.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c "Southern spiny-tailed gecko (Strophurus intermedius) at the Australian Reptile Online Database | AROD.com.au". www.arod.com.au.
  8. ^ Herring M, McGregor H, Herring H, Webb D, Knight A (2008). "West Corurgan wildlife". Murray Catchment Management Authority.
  9. ^ Paltridge, Rachel; Gibson, David; Edwards, Glenn (1997). "Diet of the Feral Cat (Felis catus) in Central Australia". Wildlife Research. 24 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1071/wr96023.
  10. ^ "Strophurus intermedius: Eastern Spiny-tailed Gecko | Atlas of Living Australia". bie.ala.org.au.
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Strophurus intermedius: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Strophurus intermedius, also known commonly as the eastern spiny-tailed gecko or the southern spiny-tailed gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Diplodactylidae. The species is endemic to semi-arid regions of Australia in New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia, in mallee shrubland and woodland habitats.

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Strophurus intermedius ( Basque )

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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Strophurus intermedius: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Strophurus intermedius Strophurus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Gekkonidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Strophurus intermedius ( French )

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Strophurus intermedius est une espèce de geckos de la famille des Diplodactylidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique d'Australie[1]. Elle se rencontre dans le sud-est de l'Australie-Occidentale, en Australie-Méridionale, au Victoria et en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud.

Publication originale

  • Ogilby, 1892 : Descriptions of three new Australian lizards. Records of the Australian Museum, vol. 2, p. 6-11 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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wikipedia FR

Strophurus intermedius: Brief Summary ( French )

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Strophurus intermedius est une espèce de geckos de la famille des Diplodactylidae.

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남방가시꼬리도마뱀붙이 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

남방가시꼬리도마뱀붙이(southern spiny-tailed gecko, eastern spiny-tailed gecko)는 오스트레일리아의 반건조지역에 서식하는 도마뱀붙이류의 일이다. 남방가시꼬리는 NSW, NT, SA, Vic, WA의 말리나무 덤불지역, 삼림지역과 같은 서식지에서 발견된다.[2]

묘사

남방가시꼬리는 오스트레일리아에 서식하는 도마뱀붙이 중에는 큰 축에 속한다. 몸뚱아리는 회색 무늬를 띄며 아랫배는 창백하다.[3] 이 도마뱀붙이는 크레스티드 게코와 비슷하게 등에서부터 꼬리까지 결절이 두 줄씩 줄지어 나있어서 남방가시꼬리도마뱀붙이라는 이름이 붙었다.[4] 이 황갈색 결절들은 꼬리로 갈수록 더 도드라진다. 이 뿔처럼 생긴 결절은 방어기제의 핵심 요소인데, 위협을 느끼면 해롭지는 않지만 냄새가 고약한 액체를 발사한다.[3] 다리와 몸통은 실하다.[4] 발가락은 대부분의 도마뱀붙이과의 종들처럼 납작하게 퍼져있다. 눈의 테두리는 밝은 주황색을 띈다.

남방가시꼬리의 머리는 타원형이며 주둥이는 둥글고 눈은 크다. 크레스티드 게코처럼 결절이 눈가를 뒤덮지는 않는다. 성체는 입에서부터 항문까지 평균적으로 64mm에 달한다. 성체는 성적 이형성을 띄며, 암컷이 수컷보다 크다.[5] 수컷은 암컷에게는 없는 큰 반음경이 불룩하게 튀어나와있다.

분류

제임스 더글라스 오길비(:en:J. Douglas Ogilby)는 남방가시꼬리 게코를 1892년에 Strophurus intermedius라는 학명으로 최초로 기록하였다.[4] 대부분의 종이 등과 꼬리에 가시가 돋아나있는 가시꼬리도마뱀붙이속은 18종을 포함하는데 전부 호주에 자생하고, 꼬리에서 해롭지는 않지만 냄새가 고약한 액체를 뿌리는 독특한 방어기제를 가지고 있다.[3] Strophurus는 라틴어로 '꼬리를 젖히는'을, intermedius 은 '중급의'을 의미한다.[6]

분포

남방가시꼬리는 노던 준주, 웨스턴오스트레일리아주, 퀸즐랜드주에서 발견되는데, 특히 남부에 많이 서식한다. 뉴사우스웨일즈주사우스오스트레일리아주 전역, 빅토리아주의 북쪽 반절에서도 찾아볼 수 있다.[6] 이 녀석들은 노던 준주의 '앨리스 스프링' 주변에서 제일 흔하게 발견된다.[6] 말리나무 덤불지대, 삼림지대에서 제일 흔하게 발견된다.

생태

남방가시꼬리는 야행성, 수목성이다. 이 녀석들은 외온동물이며 따뜻한 반건조 서식지에서 발견된다. 이 녀석들은 낮에는 바위, 통나무 밑에 숨는다.[7][3] 이 녀석들은 스피니펙스 밑에서도 발견된다. 밤에는 활동적으로 먹이를 사냥한다.

남방가시꼬리는 일반적으로 덤불지대, 삼림지대, 수풀지대와 같은 초목으로 뒤덮인 지대에서 발견된다.

번식

남방가시꼬리는 난생이며 한 번에 두 개의 알을 낳는다. 암수는 두 살에 성숙하여 번식을 시작한다. 암컷은 여름이 오면 번식에 돌입하는데 1년에 6개월 이상 번식이 가능하다.[5] 알이 부화기까지는 45일이 소요된다.

식성

남방가시꼬리는 오직 거미, 지네, 전갈, 바퀴, 애벌레, 귀뚜라미, 딱정벌레 등의 절지류만을 섭취한다.[5] 남방가시꼬리의 식성은 근연종 동남방가시꼬리도마뱀붙이와 90% 가까이 일치한다.[5]

위협

남방가시꼬리는 꼬리에서 포식자를 쫓는 액체를 뿌려 입맛을 다시는 새들에게서 자신을 지킨다. 하지만 야생 고양이와 같은 외래포식자들도 남방가시꼬리를 노리고 있다. 호주 중부에서는, 은 파충류를 포함한 다양한 먹이를 섭취한다고 알려져있다. 야생 고양이는 여름이면 도마뱀붙이 등의 파충류를 자주 사냥하는 것으로 보인다.[8]

남방가시꼬리는 멸종 위기를 겪고 있지는 않다.[9] 아직까지는 IUCN 적색 목록에 멸종 위기종으로 등재되지 않았다.

각주

  1. Oliver, P., Shea, G. & Cogger, H. 2017. Strophurus intermedius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T102702017A102702028 http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/102702017/0 Downloaded on 06 December 2017.
  2. Sass, Steven (2006). “The reptile fauna of Nombinnie Nature Reserve and State Conservation Area, western New South Wales”. 《Australian Zoologist》 33: 511–518.
  3. Hoser, Raymond (Spring 2005). “A new subspecies of Strophurus intermedius (squamata: Gekkonidae) from South Australia”. 《Journal of Herpetological Society of Queensland》.
  4. Ogilby, J. Douglas (1892). “Description of three new Australian lizards”. 《Records of the Australian Museum》 2: 6–11.
  5. How, Dell, Wellington (1986). “Comparative biology of eight species of Diplodactylus Gecko in Western Australia”. 《Herpetologica》 42: 471–482.
  6. “Southern spiny-tailed gecko (Strophurus intermedius) at the Australian Reptile Online Database | AROD.com.au”. 《www.arod.com.au》 (영어). 2019년 3월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서.
  7. Herring, M., McGregor, H., Herring, H., Webb, D. & Knight, A. (2008). "West Corurgan wildlife". Murray Catchment Management Authority.
  8. Paltridge, Rachel; Gibson, David; Edwards, Glenn (1997). “Diet of the Feral Cat (Felis catus) in Central Australia”. 《Wildlife Research》 24 (1): 67–76.
  9. Australia, Atlas of Living. “Strophurus intermedius : Eastern Spiny-tailed Gecko | Atlas of Living Australia”. 《bie.ala.org.au》 (오스트레일리아 영어).[깨진 링크(과거 내용 찾기)]
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남방가시꼬리도마뱀붙이: Brief Summary ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

남방가시꼬리도마뱀붙이(southern spiny-tailed gecko, eastern spiny-tailed gecko)는 오스트레일리아의 반건조지역에 서식하는 도마뱀붙이류의 일이다. 남방가시꼬리는 NSW, NT, SA, Vic, WA의 말리나무 덤불지역, 삼림지역과 같은 서식지에서 발견된다.

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