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Morbig Zeland-Nevez ( Breton )

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Morbig Zeland-Nevez (Haematopus unicolor) a zo un evn hag a vev e Zeland-Nevez.

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Garsa de mar variable ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La garsa de mar variable (Haematopus unicolor) és un ocell de la família dels hematopòdids (Haematopodidae) que habita platges i estuaris de Nova Zelanda, a les tres illes principals i les Chatham.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Garsa de mar variable Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Garsa de mar variable: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La garsa de mar variable (Haematopus unicolor) és un ocell de la família dels hematopòdids (Haematopodidae) que habita platges i estuaris de Nova Zelanda, a les tres illes principals i les Chatham.

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Pioden fôr amrywiol ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pioden fôr amrywiol (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: piod môr amrywiol) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Haematopus unicolor; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Variable oystercatcher. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Piod môr (Lladin: Haematopodidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn H. unicolor, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]

Teulu

Mae'r pioden fôr amrywiol yn perthyn i deulu'r Piod môr (Lladin: Haematopodidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Pioden fôr America Haematopus palliatus Pioden fôr amrywiol Haematopus unicolor
Variable Oyster Catcher-01.jpg
Pioden fôr dywyll Haematopus ater
Blackish oystercatcher Bahia Inglesa Chile.jpg
Pioden fôr ddu Affrica Haematopus moquini
African Black Oystercatcher RWD1.jpg
Pioden fôr ddu America Haematopus bachmani
Black Oystercatcher.jpg
Pioden fôr ddu Awstralia Haematopus fuliginosus
Haematopus fuliginosus Bruny.jpg
Pioden fôr fraith Haematopus longirostris
Haematopus longirostris 2.jpg
Pioden fôr Magellan Haematopus leucopodus
Magellanic Oystercatcher.jpg
Pioden fôr Ynys Chatham Haematopus chathamensis Pioden fôr yr Ynysoedd Canaria Haematopus meadewaldoi
Canarian Oystercatcher.jpg
Pioden y Môr Haematopus ostralegus
Haematopus ostralegus Norway.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Pioden fôr amrywiol: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pioden fôr amrywiol (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: piod môr amrywiol) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Haematopus unicolor; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Variable oystercatcher. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Piod môr (Lladin: Haematopodidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn H. unicolor, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.

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Neuseeländischer Austernfischer ( German )

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Der Neuseeländische Austernfischer (Haematopus unicolor) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Austernfischer (Haematopodidae), der in seiner Verbreitung ausschließlich auf neuseeländische Küstenregionen begrenzt ist.[1] In der Sprache der Maori wird er "torea" genannt. Es werden keine Unterarten unterschieden.[2]

Beschreibung

Körpermaße

 src=
Rein schwarze Farbvariante
 src=
Gescheckte Farbmorphe

Der Neuseeländische Austernfischer erreicht eine Körperlänge von 47 bis 49 Zentimeter, wovon rund 10,6 Zentimeter auf das Schwanzgefieder entfallen. Der Schnabel ist 8,2 bis 9,2 Zentimeter lang. Weibchen haben dabei tendenziell einen etwas längeren Schnabel. Der Flügel misst 26,3 bis 28,8 Zentimeter.[3] Die Männchen werden rund 670 Gramm schwer. Die Weibchen sind größer und werden rund 720 Gramm schwer.

Adulte Vögel

Die Art ist polymorph. Das heißt, es existieren verschiedene Genvarianten die eine unterschiedliche Färbung aufweisen. Die Färbung der Unterseite kann dabei von schwarz-weiß gescheckt über meliert bis hin zu rein schwarzen Formen reichen. Je mehr man nach Süden geht umso dunkler wird die Art. Alle auf den Stewart-Inseln beheimateten Austernfischer sind schwarz. Alle Farbvarianten weisen ein meliertes Band an den Flügelunterseiten auf. Die Beine sind rosafarben. Der Schnabel ist rot und der Augenring ist orange gefärbt.

Jungvögel

Die Farbmorphen sind bereits beim Schlupf der Küken erkennbar.[2] Die schwarzen Gefiederpartien sind bei Jungvögeln grundsätzlich matter und gehen eher ins bräunliche. Bei den Jungvögeln der schwarzen Farbmorphen sind die Federn an der unteren Brust, dem Bauch und dem Bürzel schmal weiß gesäumt. Diese Federsäume nutzen sich jedoch schnell ab und sind bei etwas älteren Jungvögeln bereits nicht mehr erkennbar.[2]

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Der Neuseeländische Austernfischer ist endemisch an den Küsten von Neuseeland. Er besiedelt auch küstennahe Inseln, auf weiter vorgelagerten Inseln ist er dagegen nicht anzutreffen.[1] Er präferiert sandige Träne und ist besonders häufig in der Nähe von Flussmündungen und Muschelbänken anzutreffen. Auf Kiesstränden ist diese Austernfischerart selten.[2] Er ist überwiegend ein Standvogel, der ganzjährig ein Revier verteidigt.[4] Beringungsdaten weisen allerdings darauf hin, dass noch nicht geschlechtsreife Neuseeländische Austernfischer weitere Wanderungen unternehmen, bis sie eine Paarbindung eingehen und dann vergleichsweise ortstreu sind.[4] Jungvögel wandern durchschnittlich 36 Kilometer von ihrem Geburtsort fort. Die weiteste Distanz, die bislang anhand von Beringungsdaten nachgewiesen werden konnte, betrug 119 Kilometer.[4]

Er ist in seinem Verbreitungsgebiet eine häufig anzutreffende Vogelart. Außerhalb der Brutzeit bildet er meist Schwärme mit dem Südinsel-Austernfischer.

Ernährung

Der Neuseeländische Austernfischer ernährt sich hauptsächlich von Weichtieren, Krabben und Meereswürmern. Er ist tag- und nachtaktiv, die Tageszeit seiner Nahrungssuche ist überwiegend von den Gezeiten bestimmt.[4] Nach starken Regengüssen gehen sie auch manchmal auf Nahrungssuche im Landesinneren. Mit ihrem kräftigen Schnabel sind sie in der Lage die Schalen der Beutetiere zu durchdringen.

Fortpflanzung

 src=
Küken

Die Art lebt monogam und geht eine lebenslängliche Paarbindung ein.[5] Während der Brutzeit verteidigt das Paar sein Revier. Sie brüten auf der Nordinsel, der Südinsel, dem Stewart-Inseln und dem Chatham-Inseln. Das Nest ist eine Mulde die in den Sand gegraben und manchmal mit Seegras ausgelegt wird. Es wird an der Küste zwischen Felsen oder auf Sanddünen gebaut.

Das Gelege besteht aus 2 bis 3, manchmal auch bis zu 5 Eiern. Die Eier sind gräulich gefärbt und weisen braune Flecken auf. Das Gelege wird 25 bis 32 Tage lang bebrütet. Die Jungvögel sind nach etwa 6 Wochen flügge. An der Brut, der Fütterung der Nestlinge und deren Führung sind beide Elternvögel beteiligt. Die Küken sind während ihrer ersten drei Lebenswochen vollständig von den Elternvögel abhängig. Erst im Alter von 6 bis sieben Wochen sind sie in der Lage, sich selbständig mit Nahrung zu versorgen. Sie werden drei bis vier Wochen, nachdem sie von den Elternvögel unabhängig geworden sind, von diesen aus dem Revier vertrieben.[5]

Der Neuseeländische Austernfischer kann über 27 Jahre alt werden.

Gefährdung

Die Art wird in der Roten Liste der IUCN als "nicht gefährdet" geführt.

Literatur

  • P. J. Higgins (Hrsg.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds, Band 2, Raptors to Lapwings, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993, ISBN 0-19-553069-1.

Einzelbelege

  1. a b Higgins (Hrsg.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Band 2, S. 749.
  2. a b c d Higgins (Hrsg.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Band 2, S. 748.
  3. Higgins (Hrsg.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Band 2, S. 755.
  4. a b c d Higgins (Hrsg.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Band 2, S. 750.
  5. a b Higgins (Hrsg.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Band 2, S. 751.
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Neuseeländischer Austernfischer: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Neuseeländische Austernfischer (Haematopus unicolor) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Austernfischer (Haematopodidae), der in seiner Verbreitung ausschließlich auf neuseeländische Küstenregionen begrenzt ist. In der Sprache der Maori wird er "torea" genannt. Es werden keine Unterarten unterschieden.

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Variable oystercatcher

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The variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) is a species of wader in the family Haematopodidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'.[2]

Description

"Variable" refers to the frontal plumage, which ranges from pied through mottled to all black. They are polymorphic meaning they have different genetic variants.[3] These color differences are attributed to the latitude of the habitat, where the northernmost oystercatchers have significantly more white on their bodies than those of southern origin.[4] All Stewart Island variable oystercatchers are black. They have pink legs, an orange eye ring and orange-red beaks. Similar to a needle in shape, the bill is thin and long, and darkens to a deep red color during the breeding season. Males are around 678 grams and females slightly larger at around 724 grams. Length of individuals range from 42 to 47 cm from beak to tail and have a short, sturdy body with a thick neck.[5]

Black variant

Variables can be identified as they are slightly larger than the South Island pied oystercatcher (SIPO are around 550 grams).[6] Occasionally completely black, but if they are pied (black and white) they can be easily confused with SIPO. The variable species has less definition between the black and the white area, as well as a mottled band on the leading edges of the underwing. Variables also have a smaller white rump patch which is only a band across the base of the tail rather than a wide wedge shape reaching up to the middle of the back as in the SIPO. When mottled they are sometimes called "smudgies". While both sexes have the same plumage colorations and appear visually similar, there is some body dimorphism and female oystercatchers tend to be slightly larger in size.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Haematopus unicolor is endemic to New Zealand.[8] The species has likely remained endemic due to its sedentary lifestyle and lack of migration, keeping all populations within the same island habitat.[7] They are often seen in pairs on the coast all around New Zealand. Their distribution around New Zealand is around most of the North, South and Stewart Islands coastlines and some offshore islands with the exception of outlying islands off the west coast.[9] While they occur in lower densities on the western coastlines they are concentrated in these areas; Northland, Coromandel Peninsula, Bay of Plenty, Greater Wellington, Nelson/Marlborough and Fiordland.[10]

Their preferred habitat is a wide range of coastal habitat types varying depending on activity and habitat available. Haematopus unicolor is generally never found more than 30 km from the coast.[11] Breeding and nesting occurs on sandy coasts, usually far from muddy harbours.[11] Individuals have been known to congregate in short grassed paddocks and sometimes forage in pastures after rain however will generally remain around the coastal beaches, estuaries and shorelines.[11] They prefer sandy coastal areas and avoid gravel beaches and boulder strewn areas.[8] They nest on the shore between rocks or on sand dunes by making a scrape out of the sand or shingle, sometimes lined with some seaweed.[5]

Behaviour

Voice

When in flight they make a high pitched 'kleep kleep' sound.[7]

Feeding

Feeding behaviour is diurnal and nocturnal with no feeding occurring two hours either side of high tide. The birds will then start feeding as the tide ebbs.[11] Food is located mainly by visual location but when it is dark or the food is obscured by the substrate, they will locate food via random probing with the bill.[11] Their diet consists of a range of molluscs, crustaceans, worms, small invertebrates and sometimes small fish.[9] The molluscs are mainly bivalves and are opened by the birds by using the bill to stab and twist them open. Some birds have been observed to hammer them open.[9] After heavy rain, they sometime go inland in search of earthworms.[6]

Breeding

Black variant oystercatcher chicks
Variable oystercatcher feeding its chicks

As a sedentary species, the oystercatchers do not travel to a specific location to mate. Instead, they breed on the coastal sand dunes where they live nearly year-round.[7] After finding a potential mate, the male oystercatcher will give a territorial display to both impress the female and scare off other males. This display includes several 'bowing' or 'ducking' movements, where the bird tilts and dips its head while making piping calls. These movements are also used to distinguish territory space outside of the mating season, when the adult birds prefer living in solitary environments. After a female has decided to breed with a male, the pair remains monogamous during the rest of the mating season and potentially for several consecutive years thereafter.[5] During breeding, the pair will defend their territory, sometimes aggressively.[2]

Stone-coloured eggs, usually in clutches of 2–3, are laid from September to December, and the nest is incubated by both parents until the chicks hatch.[8][7][12] They usually lay 2-3 eggs but they can lay up to 5. The eggs are typically stone coloured with small brown patches all over. Eggs hatch in 25–32 days. Nests consist of scrapes in the sand, usually surrounded by some vegetation for concealment. Both parents take turns guarding the nest from predators until the chicks hatch and fledge between the following February–March. Chicks are well camouflaged by their colour and can fly in about 6 weeks. The fledging period lasts for approximately 20–50 days, but can be longer. During this time, the adults may also begin moulting, with data suggesting moult timing anywhere between December–July.[8] At 6 weeks, the chicks are able to fly, and will begin foraging by themselves within their parent's territory.[12]

By the beginning of their first fall season, usually early August, the young leave their parent's care and join other juveniles to form a loose flock. These juveniles will remain together until they are about 2 years old, where they will then disperse to find their own territories and breeding partners. After breeding they may be seen within flocks, or on the edges of flocks, of black and white South Island pied oystercatcher (SIPO) which also have vivid orange beaks. Maturity is thought to be around 3 years of age, and most individuals begin breeding within 3–6 years of birth. The average age of the species is unknown, but individuals as old as 32 years have been banded across New Zealand.[8]

Conservation

Throughout its entire range, H. unicolor is currently estimated to have 4,000–5,000 individuals total. Although this number appears low, the species is considered of least concern ecologically and noted to be in acceptable health.[8][12][4] While no conservation efforts are in effect, other pieces of legislation that protect threatened and endangered coastal birds provide some additional resources for the oystercatchers as well. The species has increased in population over the past several generations and is expected to continue rising.[12] H. unicolor has the national conservation status of "At Risk, Recovering" but is regarded as being "Regionally Vulnerable" in the Wellington region.[13]

Predators, parasites, and diseases

Up until 1922 Haematopus unicolor was shot for food by humans which saw a significant drop in numbers.[11] Adult birds are preyed on by mammalian predators such as possums, cats and dogs.[11] Nest and chick predators are mainly kelp gulls, silver gulls, swamp harriers, Australian magpies, skuas, mustelids, dogs, cats and possibly rats (Marchant, 1993). The variable oystercatcher has issues with disturbance from human activity which damages nests.[11] Habitat loss such as decreasing coastal dunes that provide essential breeding locations for the species are likely to have a large impact on all populations. Fishing nets and oil spills also pose threatening for the species.[8] Additionally, parasites from genera such as Cestoda and Digenea have both been found in individuals.[14] Specifically, Taenia increscens, a cestode, is found exclusively on Variable Oystercatchers.[15] Most recently, a tapeworm was discovered in an individual during research that required handling of the birds in Tasman Bay, and was the first instance of a wild bird species ever contracting a tapeworm.[16] These parasites do not harm the host, and are expected to simply consume a small supply of resources that the bird intakes. Similarly, disease is not a large contributing factor to mortality. Avian pox has been documented, but does not appear to be problematic for the species and rarely causes death.[8]

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Haematopus unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22693651A93417021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693651A93417021.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Variable Oyster Catcher - Fact Sheet". Awana Catchment Trust. Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
  3. ^ "Variable Oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor)". New Zealand Animals. Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
  4. ^ a b Turbott, E.G. (1990). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Wellington: Te Papa Press. p. 210.
  5. ^ a b c Harris, T (2009). National Geographic Complete Birds of the World. National Geographic. p. 96.
  6. ^ a b Explore Ta Ara: The encyclopedia of New Zealand
  7. ^ a b c d e McLintock, A.H., ed. (1966). "Oystercatcher". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Dowding, J.E. "Conservation Assessment of the Variable Oystercatcher Haematopus unicolor". International Wader Studies. 20: 182–190.
  9. ^ a b c The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand Volume 2 Raptors to lapwings. Oxford University Press. 2005.
  10. ^ The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Penguin Books. 2005.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds Volume 2 Raptors to lapwings. Oxford University Press. 1993.
  12. ^ a b c d Hutching, G. "Wading Birds - Oystercatchers". Te Ara. Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
  13. ^ McArthur, Nikki; Ray, Samantha; Crowe, Patrick; Bell, Mike (August 2019). A baseline survey of the indigenous bird values of the Wellington region coastline (PDF) (Report). p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  14. ^ Allison, F.R. (2000). "Cestodes and trematodes from the New Zealand pied oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finchsii [finschii] Martens, and the New Zealand variable oystercatcher Haematopus unicolor Forster". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 14: 51–54.
  15. ^ Weekes, P.J. (1982). "Checklist of helminth parasites of birds in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 9 (4): 451–460. doi:10.1080/03014223.1982.10423876.
  16. ^ Presswell, B.; Melville, D.S.; Randhawa, H.S. (2012). "Tapeworm bolus expelled from New Zealand variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) during handling: first record of this phenomenon in wild birds, and a global checklist of Haematopus cestode parasites". Parasitology Research. 111 (6): 2455–2460. doi:10.1007/s00436-012-2992-9. PMID 22752698. S2CID 16270214.

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Variable oystercatcher: Brief Summary

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The variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) is a species of wader in the family Haematopodidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is torea-pango. They are also known as 'red bills'.

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Haematopus unicolor ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El ostrero variable o de Nueva Zelanda (Haematopus unicolor)[2][3]​ es una especie de ave caradriforme de la familia Haematopodidae endémica de Nueva Zelanda. La especie es polimórfica, tiene distintas variantes genéticas con color diferente. Es monógama, durante la época de cría la pareja defiende su territorio. Se reproducen en la isla del Norte, la isla del Sur, la isla Stewart y las islas Chatham. Se alimenta principalmente de moluscos, cangrejos y gusanos marinos.

Referencias

  1. BirdLife International (2013). «Haematopus unicolor». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2016.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 10 de noviembre de 2014.
  2. Bernis, F; De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (1996). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Tercera parte: Opisthocomiformes, Gruiformes y Charadriiformes)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 43 (2): 231-238. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 11 de noviembre de 2014.
  3. «Ostrero Variable (Haematopus unicolor) Forster, JR, 1844». avibase. Consultado el 11 de noviembre de 2014.

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Haematopus unicolor: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El ostrero variable o de Nueva Zelanda (Haematopus unicolor)​​ es una especie de ave caradriforme de la familia Haematopodidae endémica de Nueva Zelanda. La especie es polimórfica, tiene distintas variantes genéticas con color diferente. Es monógama, durante la época de cría la pareja defiende su territorio. Se reproducen en la isla del Norte, la isla del Sur, la isla Stewart y las islas Chatham. Se alimenta principalmente de moluscos, cangrejos y gusanos marinos.

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Haematopus unicolor ( Basque )

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Haematopus unicolor Haematopus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Haematopodidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Haematopus unicolor: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Haematopus unicolor Haematopus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Haematopodidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Nokimeriharakka ( Finnish )

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Nokimeriharakka (Haematopus unicolor) on Uuden-Seelannin pääsaarten ja lähisaarten kotoperäinen kahlaajalaji. Johann Reinhold Forster kuvaili sen holotyypin Uudesta-Seelannista, ja kuvauksen julkaisi Martin Lichtenstein vuonna 1844.[2]

Lähteet

  1. BirdLife International: Haematopus unicolor IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2013. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 28.5.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. IBC (englanniksi)
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Nokimeriharakka: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Nokimeriharakka (Haematopus unicolor) on Uuden-Seelannin pääsaarten ja lähisaarten kotoperäinen kahlaajalaji. Johann Reinhold Forster kuvaili sen holotyypin Uudesta-Seelannista, ja kuvauksen julkaisi Martin Lichtenstein vuonna 1844.

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Huîtrier variable ( French )

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Haematopus unicolor

L'Huîtrier variable (Haematopus unicolor) est une espèce d'oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Haematopodidae endémique de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Voir aussi

Liens internes

Références taxonomiques

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Huîtrier variable: Brief Summary ( French )

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Haematopus unicolor

L'Huîtrier variable (Haematopus unicolor) est une espèce d'oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Haematopodidae endémique de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

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Haematopus unicolor ( Italian )

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La beccaccia di mare variabile (Haematopus unicolor Forster, 1844) è un uccello della famiglia Haematopodidae.[2]

Distribuzione e habitat

Questo uccello nidifica sulle coste della Nuova Zelanda.[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) BirdLife International 2012, Haematopus unicolor, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Haematopodidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 14 maggio 2014.

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Haematopus unicolor: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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La beccaccia di mare variabile (Haematopus unicolor Forster, 1844) è un uccello della famiglia Haematopodidae.

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Nieuw-Zeelandse zwarte scholekster ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

De Nieuw-Zeelandse zwarte scholekster (Haematopus unicolor) is een vogel uit de familie van scholeksters (Haematopodidae).

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor aan de kusten van Nieuw-Zeeland.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Nieuw-Zeelandse zwarte scholekster: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Nieuw-Zeelandse zwarte scholekster (Haematopus unicolor) is een vogel uit de familie van scholeksters (Haematopodidae).

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Todrakttjeld ( Norwegian )

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Todrakttjeld, Haematopus unicolor, er ein vadefugl i tjeldfamilien, Haematopodidae. Han er endemisk til New Zealand og kan treffast langs kysten på begge hovudøyane og dei næraste, mindre øyar inkludert Stewart Island/Rakiura og småøyar rundt Stewart Island.

Skildring

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Svart-kvit variant i Wellington Harbour
Foto: Tony Wills

Todrakttjeld er ein relativt stor tjeldart, ca 48 centimeter med kroppssvekt på 725 gram. Første delen av trivialnamnet, «todrakt», refererer til variasjon i fjørdrakta, todrakttjeld kan ha begge dei framtredande fjørdraktene som er utbreidde i tjeldfamilien, heilt svart drakt, og svart på oversida og kvit på undersida. Han har dessutan ei mellomform, soleis kan eit individ av arten anten vere heilt svart, svartkvit eller svart med varierande mengd kvite flekker på undersida. I alle drakttypar har dei raudt eller oransje nebb og oransje augering og lyseraude føter. Hofuglar er litt større enn hannar, særleg nebblengda skil seg litt.

Ein kan finne todrakttjelden langs store delar av kysten, på Nordøya er han mest vanleg langs nordaustkysten frå Mahia Peninsula til North Cape. På Sørøya er han sjeldan på delar av austkysten nord for Dunedin. Meir enn halve populasjonen lever på Nordøya. Hekkeområdet og overvintringsområdet er mykje det same, men nokre fuglar kan trekke mot estuar om vinteren.

Dietten består av muslingar, makk og krabbar, og andre virvellause dyr som dei finn på sandstrender og mudderflater. Dei kan anten opne muslingane eller hakke gjennom skala. Berre sjeldan søkjer dei mat ved sandstender eller på grasmark.

Mange todrakttjeldpar vernar eit territorium heile året og para held saman over fleire år. Reira er enkle, grunne skraper i sand eller grus, litt over springflodmål. Dei kan òg hekke ved innsjøar opp til 30 kilometer inn i landet, til dømes ved Lake Wairarapa. Kullet er vanlegvis på 2-3, maksimum 5 egg. Klekkinga skjer etter ca. 28 dagar og ungane kan flyge etter 6-7 veker. Dei er 3 år nå dei blir hekkefuglar, og det eldste kjente individet av todrakttjeld blei over 27 år.

Arten har status som verna utan å vere trua, og bestanden er estimert til ca. 4 000 individ (2005), og er trudd å vere aukande.[1]

Kjelder

  • Barrie Heather og Hugh Robertson, The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand (revised edition), Viking, 2005

Referansar

  1. BirdLife International 2012

Bakgrunnsstoff

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Todrakttjeld: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Todrakttjeld, Haematopus unicolor, er ein vadefugl i tjeldfamilien, Haematopodidae. Han er endemisk til New Zealand og kan treffast langs kysten på begge hovudøyane og dei næraste, mindre øyar inkludert Stewart Island/Rakiura og småøyar rundt Stewart Island.

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Nyazeelandstrandskata ( Swedish )

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Nyazeelandstrandskata[2] (Haematopus unicolor) är en fågel i familjen strandskator inom ordningen vadarfåglar.[3]

Utbredning och systematik

Fågeln förekommer vid Nya Zeelands kuster och på närliggande öar.[3] Den behandlas som monotypisk, det vill säga att den inte delas in i några underarter.

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population, och tros öka i antal.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Haematopus unicolor Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2018) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2018-09-30
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-08-11

Externa länkar

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Nyazeelandstrandskata: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Nyazeelandstrandskata (Haematopus unicolor) är en fågel i familjen strandskator inom ordningen vadarfåglar.

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Кулик-сорока мінливобарвний ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Haematopus unicolor дещо більший за інших представників свого роду. Довжина тіла 47—49 см. Самиці дещо більші за самців, важать до 720 грам, самці — до 670 грам[2]. Характерний поліморфізм — забарвлення мінливе, нижня сторона тіла може бути чорно-білою, сірою або повністю чорною. Дзьоб яскраво-червоний. Ноги рожеві. Кільце навколо очей від помаранчевого до червоного кольору. Відрізняється від іншого новозеландського виду Haematopus finschi відсутністю спереду білої перев'язі на крилі. Максимальна тривалість життя — до 27 років.

Спосіб життя

Мешкає на піщаних, кам'янистих і мулистих пляжах. Живиться безхребетними (молюсками, крабами і черв'яками). Під час зимівель він збирається у зграї з іншими птахами.

Розмноження

Гніздяться серед скель або на березі. Зазвичай в кладці 2—3 яйця, рідко — до 5. Забарвлення яєць з маленькими коричневими ділянками на усій поверхні. Висиджування 25—32 дні. Пташенята покидають гніздо через 6 тижнів.

Примітки

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Haematopus unicolor ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Haematopus unicolor là một loài chim trong họ Haematopodidae.[2] Đây là loài đặc hữu New Zealand.

Chú thích

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2013). Haematopus unicolor. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 11 năm 2013.
  2. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.


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Haematopus unicolor: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Haematopus unicolor là một loài chim trong họ Haematopodidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu New Zealand.

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Изменчивый кулик-сорока ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Подотряд: Charadrii
Семейство: Кулики-сороки (Haematopodidae Bonaparte, 1838)
Вид: Изменчивый кулик-сорока
Международное научное название

Haematopus unicolor (Forster, 1844)

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Изменчивый кулик-сорока (Haematopus unicolor) — кулик из семейства Кулики-сороки. Эндемик Новой Зеландии.

Описание

 src=
Чёрная вариация окраски

Изменчивый кулик-сорока несколько крупнее других представителей своего рода. Длина тела 47 - 49 см[1]. Самки несколько крупнее самцов, весят до 720 грамм, самцы — до 670 грамм[1]. Характерен полиморфизм — окраска изменчива, нижняя сторона тела может быть чёрно-белой, серой, или полностью чёрной. Клюв ярко-красный. Ноги розовые. Кольцо вокруг глаз от оранжевого до красного цвета. Отличается от второго новозеландского вида Haematopus finschi отсутствием спереди белой перевязи на крыле. Максимальная продолжительность жизни — до 27 лет.

Образ жизни

Обитает на песчаных, каменистых и илистых пляжах. Питается беспозвоночными, моллюсками, крабами и червями. Во время зимовок он сбивается в стаи с другими птицами.

Размножение

Гнездятся среди скал или на берегу. Обычно в кладке 2-3 яйца, редко — до 5. Окраска яиц с маленькими коричневыми участками на всем протяжении. Высиживание 25 — 32 дня. Птенцы покидают гнездо через 6 недель.

Примечания

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Изменчивый кулик-сорока: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Изменчивый кулик-сорока (Haematopus unicolor) — кулик из семейства Кулики-сороки. Эндемик Новой Зеландии.

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