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Description

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Aneides hardii is a slim bodied salamander with a brownish dorsal and a ventral that ranges from gray to cream in color. Greenish gray to bronze mottling may also be observed from above, while the throat may be blotched with light patches of white. A yellow, broad dorsal stripe may also be present. 14 or 15 costal grooves are usually observed with an average of 2 to 4.5 grooves between adpressed limbs. This species may range in size from 1 3/4 inch to 2 1/2 inches in length.This account was based on the description written in Stebbins (2003).
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Distribution and Habitat

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A. hardii's distribution includes the Sacramento Mountains, White Mountains and the Capitan Mountains from 7,800 to 11,700 ft.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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The north and east facing slopes of this species' habitat are where A. hardii may be most readily found. It emerges in the period of late June to July, and is abundant during periods of summer rain. The inside of rotting logs, in old rockslides, underneath bark, boards and logs are ideal habitats for this salamander. Hollows and decaying logs are locations where brooding females may be observed.
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Sacramento Mountain salamander

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The Sacramento Mountain salamander (Aneides hardii) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to mountainous regions of New Mexico in the United States. Its natural habitat is temperate forests where it is threatened by habitat loss.

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Distribution and habitat

The Sacramento Mountain salamander occurs in three separate mountainous areas in New Mexico, the Capitan Mountains, the Sierra Blanca range and the Sacramento Mountains. It is found at heights of at least 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) above sea level in mixed forests. It typically occurs on north or east facing slopes among Douglas fir, Engelmann spruce and white fir, often with an understory of Rocky Mountain maple. It often hides in the leaf litter or rotten logs, under rocks, fallen branches or vegetation. Above the tree line it is found in stony areas with mosses and lichens.[2][1]

The only other salamander occurring in this area is the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) and that is more of a lowland species and prefers grasslands, savannahs and woodland edges.[3]

Biology

The Sacramento Mountain salamander feeds on small invertebrates such as ants, rove beetles, springtails, snails and spiders. It is itself preyed on by the western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis elegans).[2]

Breeding takes place in the summer with eggs being laid in small clutches inside rotten logs and stumps and also possibly in underground cavities. The larvae undergo direct development in the eggs with fully formed miniature salamanders hatching out measuring about 12 millimetres (0.47 in) in snout to vent length.[2]

Status

The Sacramento Mountain salamander is assessed as near threatened in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is common in the areas in which it occurs and is chiefly threatened by logging activities especially when associated with fire or the removal of fallen timber. Under current logging practices, it is believed that populations are stable.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022). "Aneides hardii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T59117A56953199. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Ramotnik, Cindy. "Aneides hardii". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
  3. ^ Lannoo, Michael. "Ambystoma tigrinum". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
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Sacramento Mountain salamander: Brief Summary

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The Sacramento Mountain salamander (Aneides hardii) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to mountainous regions of New Mexico in the United States. Its natural habitat is temperate forests where it is threatened by habitat loss.

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