Atlantic Forest Treefrog

Atlantic forests in coastal Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil.

Description of holotypeSnout shape rounded in dorsal outline, vertically rounded in profile; canthus rostralis indistinct; tympanum moderate sized, diameter about equal to '/2 diameter of eye; vomerine teeth in arched series, contiguous medially, arching posteriorly, between choanae anteriorly, extending behind posterior edges of choanae posteriorly; vocal slits present; vocal sac single, barely expanded externally; finger disks large, disk on finger III equal to tympanum; fingers webbed; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded, single; very faint brown nuptial pad between base of thumb and prepollex; forearm noticeably hypertrophied but not extensively so; prepollex well developed, spines not exposed; distinct tuberculate ulnar ridge; short, distinct supratympanic fold, weak glandular transverse fold above anus; dorsal texture smooth; throat smooth; belly areolate; toe disks moderately large, slightly smaller than finger disks; toes webbed; inner metatarsal tubercle large, ovoid; outer metatarsal tubercle small, indistinct, rounded; distinct inner tarsal fold extending length of tarsus; moderately large calcar on left heel, small calcar on right. Color in preservative: Face almost uniform brown with darker brown washes, no distinct pattern; top of head light brown with darker brown anastomosing stripes; dorsum of body light brown with darker brown transverse cross bars; upper limbs also brown with dark brown cross bands; anterior flanks with incomplete vertical stripes, mid- and posterior flanks light cream and scattered brown dots (same as dorsal ground color) with distinct dark vertical stripes, light areas 2-4 times width of stripes; posterior face of thigh brown with distinct black vertical stripes, lighter areas 1-2 times width of stripes, about every other stripe continuous dorsally with stripes on front surface of thigh; throat cream and profused with brown melanophores; belly cream with a few scattered brown melanophores. Measurements in mm: snout-vent length 58.5, head length 20.8, head width 20.4, femur 28.3, tibia 29.8, foot 25.1. Variation Males range from 55-62 mm snout-vent length. The two females available measure 60.0 and 63.4 mm, respectively. The larger female has an obviously more flared and broader head. Other than this female, there is relatively little variation in most morphological features including extent of digital webbing. The dorsal pattern ranges from uniform to a crossbar pattern. A mid-dorsal dark stripe extending from the tip of the snout to at least the scapular region is present in some individuals. Some individuals have bold dark outlined enamel cream spots on the elbows, the heel calcars and the anal fold. There may be slight to distinct demarcation of dorsal and ventral color along the ulnar fold and a light tan stripe on the outside edge of the foot and tarsus may extend to the calcar. The dark stripes on the flanks may equal the width of the light areas, or be only 1/3-1/4 as broad as the light areas. In some individuals every other flank stripe is continuous with a dorsal cross band. The stripes on the posterior face of the thigh may be closely packed, such that the space between stripes is about equal to the stripe width, or spread out, such that the lighter areas between stripes are 2-3 times the stripe width. Color in life: Dirty tan with brown middorsal stripe from snout, fading out at vent. Few small cream blotches lower back. Legs and arms same color as back, banded with wide orange tan except for femur which has very narrow tan band above and is flesh colored on front and back with dark grey bands. This continues onto concealed surface of tibia. Sides yellow gold, deeper at groin with pale transverse banding. Chin and throat cream with tiny black flecks. Belly and under femur anteriorly pale orange cream. Under femur behind this dirty tan. Under arms, hands, behind shoulder and under legs flesh color. Larval morphology The following description is based on 15 tadpoles in stages 35 to 38. Body elongated ovoid in dorsal view, widest just posterior to eyes, snout nearly rounded, eyes dorsolateral. Nares dorsolateral, reniform, slightly closer to the tip of snout than to eyes. In profile, snout rounded to vertical. Spiracle sinistral, laterally positioned and oriented posteriorly; spiracular opening located at about 60% body length and at the same level of ventral margin of tail musculature; inner wall of spiracle free from body; margin of spiracle unpigmented. Tail musculature well developed, gradually tapering and reaching the tip of the tail. Tail about as high as body. Dorsal fin slightly higher than ventral fin and extending onto body. Anal tube dextral, cone shaped, directed posteriorly; right wall displaced dorsally and anteriorly. Oral disk completely detached from body, with complete papillary border; well developedmarginal papillae organized in two poor-de. ned rows (45%of individuals)or in two well-de. ned rows (55%); a group of submarginal papillae in the angular region (40% of individuals).LTRF 2(2)/4(1); in one individual among the . ve analyzed in Stage 25 (the bigger ones) LTRF 2(2)/4; A2 interrupted medially by a relatively short gap; medial gap of P1 and (if present) P2 very short; P4 frequently broken. Jaw sheaths black with serrated margins. Lateral line system easily visible in all individuals. Color and pattern in life: Dorsal and lateral portions of body dark chocolate-brown; tail musculature pale brown, becoming straw-brown on posterior half of body and becoming as transparent as tail fins in tip. Dark brown spots form a medium longitudinal stripe along anterior third of tail musculature (as in B. sazimai) and upper edge of tail musculature along the whole tail. Spots in contact between the tail musculature and the dorsal fin relatively narrow and interrupted periodically by unpigmented areas; in dorsal view, spots form five to seven transversal stripes in the tail musculature, giving tail a striped appearance. Dorsal and ventral tail fins transparent with melanophores.White spots scattered on upper margin of dorsal fin. Margin of spiracle unpigmented in contrast to the remaining dark brown body (as in B. carvalhoi).Ventral portion of the body paler, intestinal coil visible through the translucent skin. Straw-brown tail without spots in ventral view. Tadpoles on stage 41 have reddish hands visible through the translucent skin. In stage 42 the hands are rosy-red.

LC. Least Concern.

Bokermannohyla hylax is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.