A. gryllus is an insectivore, feeding on a wide variety of insects with a major part of their diet being mosquitoes. When in the tadpole stage, however, this species is a herbivore. As adults, to catch their prey, they sit and wait in ambush for insects. When a prey item comes near, they lunge forward and shoot out their tongue. The southern cricket frog has also been observed chasing after their prey on the ground.
Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore , Eats non-insect arthropods)
To protect itself from predators, the southern cricket frog is able to jump long distances of up to 8 feet and has the ability to camouflage itself either in the vegetation or water. The predators of A. gryllus are fish, large salamanders (such as Ambystoma tigrinum), snakes (such as Thamnophis sirtalis), turtles and wading birds.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
This small frog can be found in several colors. Generally they range from black, brown, or reddish brown to bright green or gray. Along with these patterns of coloration is a stripe of contrasting color beginning anteriorly at the top of the snout and running along the back towards the posterior and ends at the urostyle. Between the eyes of A. gryllus, there is a triangle marking with two corners at each respective eye and the third corner connected to the stripe seen on the back. When compared to a similar species, the northen cricket frog, A. gryllus is found to be smaller and more slender. The snout is markedly more pointed, the legs are longer and more proportional to the size of the body, and there is less webbing between the toes. The first toe is partially free of webbing and 3 joints of the fourth toe are completely free. Warts appear on the skin, especially around the anal area, but are not as prominent as seen in the northern cricket frog. In addition to the stripe running down the back of A. gryllus, there is also a darker longitudinal stripe that can be seen on the rear of the thigh. There is slight sexual dimorphism seen with the southern cricket frogs. The females are generally the slightly larger sex with a length of 16-33 mm and the males achieve a length of 15-29 mm. The males have darker throats, whereas the females' throats are white. Males also have a single subgular sac. When young, the frogs are entirely aquatic tadpoles. Upon reaching adulthood, the recently changed frogs are roughly 14 mm.
Range length: 15 to 33 mm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger; sexes colored or patterned differently; male more colorful
The average lifespan of frogs in the genus Acris is roughly four months. This is because many die as tadpoles. Those few that do survive to adulthood may live for a least a year.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 4 months.
Although A. gryllus is a member of the tree frog family, it lives mostly on the ground or in freshwater areas with sunlight. Examples of prime habitat include shallow ponds with vegetation, meadows, creeks, marshes and coastal plain bogs. The southern cricket frog can also be found in roadside pools and ditches. In these areas, they can become quite abundant. Its main choices of habitation changes, however, when the southern cricket frog's range overlaps with that of Acris crepitans. When this occurs, A. gryllus will typically move to areas which have been drained of water. The population of A. gryllus becomes less active and enters a period of dormancy near the middle of December, and reanimates in mid-February.
Range elevation: 500 to 1000 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial ; freshwater
Terrestrial Biomes: forest
Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams; temporary pools
Wetlands: marsh ; swamp ; bog
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
Acris gryllus lives in the temperate climate of the southeastern portion of the United States. The range of this species, also known as the southern cricket frog, extends from the southeastern corner of Virginia and spans through North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. A. gryllus has also been reported in the southwestern tip of Tennessee. All throughout these states, A. gryllus has been found in the areas with an elevation of 500-1000 m away from the coastline.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
A. gryllus is an insectivore which consumes a variety of insects, some of which are harmful to crops. The southern cricket frog, in turn, is preyed upon by a plethora of different fish, salamanders, turtles, and snakes.
The southern cricket frog consumes pest insects and some which may potentially harm crops.
Positive Impacts: controls pest population
There are no known adverse affects of A. gryllus on humans.
The eggs of the southern cricket frog are fertilized externally while in a freshwater habitat. The sperm enters the egg and soon a gelatinous cover envelopes the egg to protect it. It then develops into a gill-breathing larva, also known as a tadpole, which then metamorphoses into the mature, lung- breathing adult. From beginning to end, 90-100 days (on average) are needed to complete the metamorphosis.
Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis
At present time, A. gryllus is not threatened.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
N/A
The call of A. gryllus sounds like a rapid "click-click-click", as if two small stones or marbles were being hit against each other. The rhythm of the call always remains the same- it never changes pitch or frequency. It is also a very fast constant chirp with one call per second. These calls can be heard in most weather and at any time of the day. A. gryllus males use this chirping for two main things: to attract females for mating purposes and to maintain inter-male spacing.
Communication Channels: acoustic
Other Communication Modes: choruses
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical
The process of mating starts with the male emitting a call to attract females. This also functions to let the other males of A. gryllus know to stay out of his territory. The female then chooses her mate who begins what is known as amplexing. This is a method of holding the female around her waist with his forelegs, which then stimulates hormones within the female. Because of this stimulation, the eggs are then released into the water and the male releases his sperm and thus fertilizes the eggs.
Mating System: polygynous
Although the male will call all year long, breeding is usually done in the months of February through October. Once the eggs are fertilized the female will lay the eggs either singly or in groups of 7-10. She will lay clumps of up to 150 eggs at one time and attach them to either to the vegetation beneath the water or along the bottom of shallow pond. Depending on the environmental factors, the eggs can hatch in four days. Then, within the 90-100 days it takes to complete metamorphosis, the tail disappears, the legs form, the mouth enlarges, and the lungs replace the gills.
Breeding interval: Generally, southern cricket frogs breed around 2 to 3 times a year.
Breeding season: February through October
Range number of offspring: 150 (high) .
Range time to independence: 4 (low) days.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 90 to 100 days.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 90 to 100 days.
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); oviparous ; sperm-storing
No parental care is given.
Parental Investment: no parental involvement
Acris gryllus és una espècie de granota de la família Hylidae, autòctona del sud-est dels Estats Units i molt similar a Acris crepitans.
Menja insectes, aranyes i altres artròpodes.
Acris gryllus és una espècie de granota de la família Hylidae, autòctona del sud-est dels Estats Units i molt similar a Acris crepitans.
The southern cricket frog or southeastern cricket frog (Acris gryllus) is a small hylid frog native to the Southeastern United States.[2] It is very similar in appearance and habits to the northern cricket frog, Acris crepitans, and was considered formerly conspecific (Dickerson 1906). The scientific name Acris is from the Greek word for locust, and the species name gryllus is Latin for cricket (Georgia Wildlife).
At 0.75–1.5 inches (16–32 mm) in length, Acris gryllus is even smaller than A. crepitans. Other characters that differentiate the southern species are:
The southern cricket frog is characteristic of coastal plain bogs, bottomland swamps, ponds, and ditches. It prefers sunny areas, and is usually not found in woodlands. Subspecies Acris gryllus gryllus is found in the Atlantic Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia through the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, west to the Mississippi River. It is found mostly east of the Fall Line, but extends into more upland areas of the Piedmont along river valleys. Subspecies Acris gryllus dorsalis is found throughout the Florida peninsula.
The southern cricket frog feeds on insects, spiders, and other arthropods. It is active throughout the year in warm weather.
Breeding is in late spring and summer. The advertisement call of the males is a loud rapid gick, gick, gick. Up to 150 eggs are laid at a time, and more than one mass may be produced in a season (Martof et al. 1980).
The southern cricket frog or southeastern cricket frog (Acris gryllus) is a small hylid frog native to the Southeastern United States. It is very similar in appearance and habits to the northern cricket frog, Acris crepitans, and was considered formerly conspecific (Dickerson 1906). The scientific name Acris is from the Greek word for locust, and the species name gryllus is Latin for cricket (Georgia Wildlife).
Acris gryllus es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hylidae. Es endémica del sur de los Estados Unidos.
Acris gryllus es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hylidae. Es endémica del sur de los Estados Unidos.
Acris gryllus Acris generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
Acris gryllus est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hylidae[1].
Cette espèce est endémique de l'Est du Mississippi aux États-Unis[1],[2]. Elle se rencontre dans le sud de l'Ohio en Floride, en Géorgie, en Alabama, au Mississippi, en Louisiane, au Tennessee, au Kentucky, en Caroline du Sud, en Caroline du Nord, en Virginie, en Virginie-Occidentale, en Pennsylvanie, au Delaware, au Maryland, au New Jersey et dans l'État de New York.
Acris gryllus[3] mesure de 15 à 29 mm pour les mâles et de 16 à 33 mm pour les femelles[3].
Hyla ocularis Bosc & Daudin, 1801[4] est considéré comme un synonyme sénior de Acris gryllus par Mittleman en 1946[5]. Neill en 1950[6] puis Fouquette et Dubois en 2014[7] le considère comme un ensemble non identifiable. Il est considéré comme un synonyme de Acris gryllus par commodité[1].
Acris gryllus est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hylidae.
Acris gryllus (LeConte, 1825)[2] è un anfibio della famiglia Hylidae, sottofamiglia Acridinae, endemica del sud-est degli Stati Uniti d'America.[3] In inglese le rane di questa specie sono comunemente denominate Southern cricket frog. Sia il nome scientifico sia il nome comune si riferiscono al caratteristico verso, che assomiglia a quello di un grillo.
Con una lunghezza di 16–32 mm, Acris gryllus è la specie più piccola del genere, anche di A. crepitans. Altri caratteri che differenziano questa specie meridionale dalle altre specie del genere Acris sono:
Acris gryllus si nutre di insetti, ragni e altri artropodi. È attiva durante tutto l'anno con tempo caldo.
La riproduzione avviene nella tarda primavera e in estate. Il richiamo dei maschi è un forte e rapido gick, gick, gick. Le femmine depongono fino a 150 uova alla volta e in una stagione può avvenire più di una deposizione[4].
La specie è endemica del sud-est degli Stati Uniti d'America. Popola lagune costiere, paludi di pianura, stagni e fossati. Predilige le aree soleggiate e solitamente non è rinvenibile nelle aree boschive.
La sottospecie Acris gryllus gryllus è presente nelle pianure costiere dell'Oceano Atlantico, dalla Virginia sudorientale fino alla Georgia, passando per Carolina del Nord e del Sud, e in Alabama e Mississippi, fino al fiume Mississippi a ovest.
La sottospecie Acris gryllus dorsalis è presente in tutta la penisola della Florida.
La specie Acris gryllus è suddivisa nelle seguenti sottospecie:
Acris gryllus (LeConte, 1825) è un anfibio della famiglia Hylidae, sottofamiglia Acridinae, endemica del sud-est degli Stati Uniti d'America. In inglese le rane di questa specie sono comunemente denominate Southern cricket frog. Sia il nome scientifico sia il nome comune si riferiscono al caratteristico verso, che assomiglia a quello di un grillo.
De zuidelijke krekelkikker[2] (Acris gryllus) is een kikker uit de familie boomkikkers (Hylidae).[3] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door John Lawrence LeConte in 1825. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Rana gryllus gebruikt.
De lichaamslengte is ongeveer drie centimeter, de kleur is donkergroen met een donkere driehoek tussen de ogen en twee donkere streepachtige vlekken op de flanken, soms alleen enkele onregelmatige vlekken. Ook zijn de achterpoten veel langer en de zwemvliezen kleiner dan bij veel andere soorten boomkikkers. De ondersoort Acris gryllus dorsalis heeft een heldergroene kruis- tot zandloperachtige lijnentekening op de kop en rug. Ondanks dat het een boomkikker is, kan de zuidelijke krekelkikker niet goed klimmen en bevindt zich meestal op de bodem.
De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten; in de staten Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, de zuidelijke punt van Florida en langs een groot deel van de Mississippirivier.[4] Het biotoop bestaat uit oevers van begroeide wateren zoals rivier-valleien en moerassen en deze soort komt nooit ver uit de buurt van de waterkant. Bij verstoring springen de kikkers in het water en zwemmen naar de bodem waar ze zich enige tijd schuilhouden.
Het is een nachtactieve soort die voornamelijk insecten eet en tijdens de schemering pas actief wordt. De zuidelijke krekelkikker behoort tot de boomkikkers maar is een bodembewonende soort. Het gekwaak van de mannetjes in de paartijd lijkt enigszins op een metaalachtig geratel, en de paring kan plaatsvinden van februari tot oktober, en hangt samen met de regenval. Meestal begint de paartijd na de eerste grote bui, waarna de kikkers in groten getale tevoorschijn komen. De kikkervisjes komen na ongeveer 12 weken aan land, tot die tijd zijn ze makkelijk te onderscheiden van de larven van andere soorten aan de lichtbruine kleur en de zwarte staartpunt.
De zuidelijke krekelkikker (Acris gryllus) is een kikker uit de familie boomkikkers (Hylidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door John Lawrence LeConte in 1825. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Rana gryllus gebruikt.
Acris gryllus é uma espécie de anfíbio anuros da família Hylidae.[2][3] A espécie é endêmica dos Estados Unidos e ocorre no sudeste do país.[3] Em relação ao risco de extinção, ela é considerada uma espécie pouco preocupante pela Lista Vermelha da UICN.[1]
Acris gryllus é uma espécie de anfíbio anuros da família Hylidae. A espécie é endêmica dos Estados Unidos e ocorre no sudeste do país. Em relação ao risco de extinção, ela é considerada uma espécie pouco preocupante pela Lista Vermelha da UICN.
Acris gryllus är en groda från USA som tillhör släktet Acris och familjen lövgrodor.
En liten, slank groda som är lik sin nära släkting Acris crepitans. Den har svart, grå, klargrön eller brunaktig ovansida med en strimma i klar, kontrasterande färg från nosspets till svansben, en mörk, triangelformad markering på huvudet och en mörk tvärstrimma på låren. Den skiljer sig från A. crepitans genom att den är slankare, har längre ben och spetsigare nos. Bakfötterna har kraftig simhud, men inte så mycket som hos A. crepitans, och huden är vårtig. Hanen, som vanligtvis är mindre än honan, har mörk strupe och en oparig kindpåse. Längden uppgår till 15 – 29 mm hos hanen, 16 – 33 mm hos honan.[2] [3]
Acris gryllus finns i östra och sydöstra USA från sydöstra Virginia till södra Florida, med västgräns i sydöstra Tennessee och sydöstra Louisiana.[1]
Arten lever på öppna, oskuggade gräsbevuxna ytor och stränder intill våtmarker som träsk, mossar, sjöar, dammar, diken, bäckar och mera temporära vattensamlingar.[1] Trots att den hör till lövgrodorna är den ingen skicklig klättrare; den hoppar emellertid mycket bra.[2] Troligtvis går individerna i de nordligare delarna av utbredningsområdet i dvala under vintern.[4]
Arten livnär sig på ett stort antal leddjur, som hoppstjärtar, spindlar, steklar, tvåvingar, skinnbaggar och skalbaggar. Födan kan tas på långt avstånd från de våtmarker i vars närhet arten normalt lever. Själv utgör grodan föda åt andra, större grodarter, ormar, däribland strumpebandssnok och vattensnokar (släktet Nerodia), fiskar och fåglar.[4] Speciellt drabbade är ungarna, där en stor del dödas innan de blir vuxna.[2]
Parning och larvutveckling sker i en mångfald olika sötvattenssamlingar, både permanenta och tillfälliga.[4] Leken börjar i maj, och kan hålla på fram till hösten.[3] Honan kan lägga upp till 250 ägg i mindre klumpar om 7 till 10. De kan kläckas efter så kort tid som 4 dagar, och ynglen förvandlas efter 50 till 90 dagar.[4] De blir könsmogna efter omkring 3 månader.[2]
Acris crepitans är klassificerad som livskraftig ("LC") av IUCN, och populationen är stabil. God tillgång på våtmarker är emellertid en nödvändig faktor för dess överlevnad, och introduktionen av rovfisk i deras habitat är en potentiell risk.[1]
Сверчковая квакша[1] (лат. Acris gryllus) — относится к семейству квакш, принадлежащих к отряду бесхвостых земноводных. Отличается хорошо развитыми плавательными перепонками между пальцами и мало развитой барабанной перепонкой; длина тела достигает не более 3,5 см; бурого цвета с большими черноватыми пятнами, имеющими светло-зелёный ободок; обладает способностью изменять свой цвет в зависимости от цвета окружающей среды. Живёт в Северной Америке и держится около воды. Название своё получила вследствие сходства своего голоса с трещанием сверчков.
Сверчковая квакша (лат. Acris gryllus) — относится к семейству квакш, принадлежащих к отряду бесхвостых земноводных. Отличается хорошо развитыми плавательными перепонками между пальцами и мало развитой барабанной перепонкой; длина тела достигает не более 3,5 см; бурого цвета с большими черноватыми пятнами, имеющими светло-зелёный ободок; обладает способностью изменять свой цвет в зависимости от цвета окружающей среды. Живёт в Северной Америке и держится около воды. Название своё получила вследствие сходства своего голоса с трещанием сверчков.
蟋蟀雨蛙（Acris gryllus）是美國東南部一種細小的樹蟾。牠們的外觀及習性與北蝗蛙很相近，以往一直被認為是同一物種。[2]其種小名是拉丁文蟋蟀的意思。[3]
蟋蟀雨蛙長1.6-3.2厘米，比北蝗蛙更細小。牠們的吻較尖，背上有明顯的黑色斑紋。後腳彎曲後長於身體的一半，向前伸直時可以超越吻部。牠們跳得也較遠。後腳掌上的蹼較疏。
蟋蟀雨蛙棲息在海岸平原的、低窪沼澤、池塘及水溝。牠們喜歡陽光充沛的地方，很少在林地出沒。亞種A. g. gryllus分佈在大西洋沿岸平原，由維吉尼亞州經南、北卡羅來納州、喬治亞州、阿拉巴馬州及密西西比州，西至密西西比河。牠們的分佈地在瀑布線東面的地區，沿河谷擴至山麓地帶。亞種A. g. dorsalis則分佈在科羅拉多州半島。
蟋蟀雨蛙主要吃昆蟲、蜘蛛及其他節肢動物。在溫暖的天氣下全年也很活躍。
蟋蟀雨蛙於春末及夏天進行繁殖。每次會產達150顆卵，每一季會繁殖多於一次。[4]
