No information was found directly related to the hunting of Sciurus oculatus, but is assumed that they are hunted for food and disperse seeds like other squirrel species.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material
No other information was found directly relating to S. oculatus, but other tree squirrels (Sciurus) are preyed on by a number of predatory bird and mammal species. Large raptors and arboreal carnivores, such as Bassariscus species, are also likely predators of S. oculatus.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Peter's squirrels are large tree squirrels with an average weight of 638 grams. They are mostly gray with white ears and a white underside. Peter’s squirrels have black tails and a 25 to 50 mm wide black stripe that extends from the back of the head to the tail. They have four pairs of mammae (one pectoral, one inguinal and two abdominal). Subspecies S. o. oculatus, S. o. tolucae, and S. o. shawi vary in total, tail, and hind foot lengths. The average total lengths for the subspecies are: S. o. oculatus 543mm, S. o. tolucae 531mm, and S. o. shawi 508mm. Average tail length of S. o. oculatus is 269 mm, S. o. tolucae is 263 mm, and S. o. shawi is 256 mm. Average hind foot length for S. o. oculatus is 73 mm, S. o. tolucae is 69 mm, and S. o. shawi is 68 mm.
Average mass: 638 g.
Range length: 530 to 560 mm.
Average length: 543 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike; male larger
No studies have determined the average lifespan for Sciurus oculatus.
Sciurus oculatus prefer habitats of oak (Quercus), pine (Pinus), and fir (Abies, Pseudotsuga) forest. Populations tend to occupy different tree species depending on their location and time of year. In the summer months, some populations live in low oak trees on mountainsides in Alvarez. By late October, however, this group migrates to Veracruz and usually occupies pine forests at higher elevations or on the timbered slopes of Cofre de Perote and Mount Orizaba.
Range elevation: 1500 to 3600 m.
Average elevation: 1800 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains
Other Habitat Features: urban ; suburban
There are no known adverse effects of S. oculatus on humans.
Sciurus oculatus has suffered severe habitat loss through logging, burning, and clearing of forest for agriculture in Mexico. As of 1991, it was considered a "fragile" species, though, as of 1996, IUCN listed it as "Lowest Risk/Least Concern." The IUCN web page recognizes that this listing is out of date.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Sciurus oculatus is a squirrel species endemic to Mexico. It ranges within the Trans-Mexican neovolcanic belt and the Mexican Plateau from Morelos, Distrito Federal, Mexico, Puebla and Veracruz northward into San Luis Potosi. In the summer months, Peter's squirrels are common in Alvarez, inhabiting the low oak forest of the mountainsides. As temperatures cool, they move to nearby valleys by late October. There are three recognized subspecies within this range: S. o. oculatus, S. o. shawi, and S. o. tolucae.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
No specific studies were found that examined food habits of S. oculatus, however Best (1995) noted that some populations of S. oculatus consumed acorns and wild figs, while others rely primarily on pine nuts. Tree squirrels in general prefer foods that can be eaten quickly, are digestible, and provide high amounts of energy. Squirrels often eat animal foods as well as seeds and fruit. They drink surface water when it is available, however, in its absence they can extract enough moisture from their food with the exception of pregnant or nursing females.
Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore , Granivore )
Tree squirrels (Sciurus) in general are host to a wide range of parasites such as botflies, fleas, ticks, mites, lice, roundworms, and tapeworms and are also vulnerable to rabies, pox, fibroma, monkeypox, and parapox viruses. The genus Enderleinellus is a parasite that is found on Sciurus oculatus and occurs exclusively on hosts of the family Sciuridae. Squirrels also disperse the seeds of plants through their seed caching behavior and via attachment to their fur.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
This squirrel's name is derived from the Latin Sciurus meaning "squirrel" and oculus referring to the eye. It also goes by names black-backed, Toluca, and spectacled squirrel.
No information was found directly relating to Sciurus oculatus. However, tree squirrels rely heavily on vision to perceive their environment. Their retinas contain layers of both rod and cone cells. They can see yellow, red, and green, and can also distinguish blue from green. However, they lack a tapetum which allows some animals to see better in low light. They do have yellow tinted lenses to protect them from damaging ultraviolet rays in the daylight hours. Tree squirrels also process visual information quite rapidly; one study showed they process visual information at twice the speed of an average human. Like other mammals, they also use chemosensation and touch as important modes of perception. Squirrels have whiskers on their faces and wrists to help in navigating their complex environment.
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
No specific studies were found which examined the mating systems of Peter's squirrels. However, detailed information is available for a closely related species, eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). In this species, male and female squirrels communicate reproductive information through scent. Males leave their normal home range to pursue females when the females are near estrus. Males then follow females for about 5 days before she goes into estrus and attract her attention through a unique sneeze-like mating call. On the day of a female's estrus many males aggressively pursue her in a "mating chase." She then chooses a male with which to mate. After copulation, the male's semen forms a plug, in an attempt to prevent further mating. However, in as little as 20 seconds, females may remove the plug by eating or discarding it. Therefore, eastern gray squirrel females remain in estrus for about a day and may breed with several males. It is likely that the mating system of Sciurus oculatus is similar.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Specific information on the reproductive behavior of Peter's squirrels is not available. However, their close relative, eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are seasonal breeders; their mating activities are triggered by changes in day length and their productivity is linked strongly to food supply. A female squirrel usually produces her first litter at about a year old, unless food is scarce. In that case, they may wait until their second year to breed.
Breeding interval: Yearly, probably starting at age 2.
Breeding season: Female Sciurus oculatus have had enlarged mammae in July and August, indicating litters earlier in the season.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Information on parental investment in Peter's squirrels has not been documented. However, eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) depend on their mother's milk for 7 to 10 weeks and are born in strongly-built leaf nest held together by a woven framework of twigs or in tree cavities.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Male, Female)
La esguil de Peter (Sciurus oculatus) ye una especie de royedor de la familia Sciuridae.
L'esquirol de Peters (Sciurus oculatus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. És endèmic de Mèxic, on viu a altituds d'entre 500 i 3.600 msnm. Surt poc quan fa fred. Els seus hàbitats naturals són les pinedes, les rouredes i les muntanyes àrides. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
L'espècie fou anomenada en honor del naturalista alemany Wilhelm Peters.[2]
L'esquirol de Peters (Sciurus oculatus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. És endèmic de Mèxic, on viu a altituds d'entre 500 i 3.600 msnm. Surt poc quan fa fred. Els seus hàbitats naturals són les pinedes, les rouredes i les muntanyes àrides. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
L'espècie fou anomenada en honor del naturalista alemany Wilhelm Peters.
Peters’ Hörnchen (Sciurus oculatus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Eichhörnchen (Sciurus). Es ist in Zentral-Mexiko verbreitet.
Peters’ Hörnchen ist ein vergleichsweise großes Hörnchen und erreicht eine Gesamtlänge von etwa 50,8 bis 54,3 Zentimetern, der Schwanz wird 25,6 bis 26,9 Zentimeter lang und ist damit etwa so lang wie der Restkörper. Die Rückenfärbung der Tiere ist grau, häufig mit einem dunklen Band im Bereich der Wirbelsäule. Die Bauchseite ist weiß mit blassgelben oder ockerfarbenen Einwaschungen. Um die Augen besitzen die Tiere einen weißen oder sandfarbenen Augenring. Der Schwanz ist schwarz mit weißen Einwaschungen an der Oberseite, unterseits ist häufig ein gelber Bereich vorhanden.[1]
Peters’ Hörnchen ist endemisch in Zentral-Mexikos verbreitet und kommt in den Bundesstaaten San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Querétaro und Guanajuato vor.[1] Die Höhenverbreitung reicht von 1500 bis etwa 3600 Meter, normalerweise allerdings zwischen 1650 und 1950 Meter.[2]
Peters’ Hörnchen lebt in trockenen Kiefern- und Eichenwäldern der Höhenlagen und in einigen Tälern der Region.[1] Die Tiere sind tagaktiv und ernähren sich herbivor vor allem von Samen und Früchten wie Eckern, Mandeln und Feigen. Sie bewegen sich schnell durch das Geäst der Bäume und können Lücken von mehr als zwei Metern überwinden.[1] Die Paarungszeit liegt wahrscheinlich im Sommer im Juli oder August, über den Wurf liegen keine Daten vor.[1]
Peters’ Hörnchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Eichhörnchen (Sciurus) eingeordnet, die aus fast 30 Arten besteht.[3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von Wilhelm Peters aus dem Jahr 1863, der die Art anhand von Individuen aus der Gegend um Las Vigas im mexikanischen Bundesstaat Veracruz beschrieb.[3]
Innerhalb der Art werden gemeinsam mit der Nominatform drei Unterarten unterschieden:[1][3]
Peters’ Hörnchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als „nicht gefährdet“ (least concern) eingeordnet.[2] Begründet wird dies durch das relativ große Verbreitungsgebiet und die angenommenen hohen Bestandszahlen.[2] Potenzielle Risiken für die Bestände sind nicht bekannt, die Art kommt lokal häufig vor,[2] allerdings sind keine Bestandszahlen bekannt. Aufgrund der starken Veränderung von mehr als der Hälfte der Lebensräume könnte die Bestandslage auch fragil sein.[1]
Peters’ Hörnchen (Sciurus oculatus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Eichhörnchen (Sciurus). Es ist in Zentral-Mexiko verbreitet.
Peters's squirrel (Sciurus oculatus) is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus endemic to Mexico. It was first described by the German naturalist and explorer Wilhelm Peters in 1863. Three subspecies are recognised. It is a common species, and the IUCN has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Peters's squirrel is a large, mainly arboreal squirrel. The head-and-body length is 508 to 560 mm (20 to 22 in) with a tail of about 260 mm (10 in), and a weight of around 550 to 750 g (19 to 26 oz). The colouring varies somewhat between the subspecies but it is generally grey dorsally, the hairs having dark brown or black bases, and white or cream ventrally. The upper part of the tail is blackish while the underside is dark with white tips to the hairs. There is a pale ring of skin around the eyes, and an important identifying feature is the dentition, with one fewer upper premolars than other related species.[3]
This squirrel is endemic to Mexico where it is found in the provinces of Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México State, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. It inhabits pine and oak forests, at altitudes between about 1,500 and 3,600 m (4,900 and 11,800 ft). It is also found on arid mountainsides and in valleys with arroyos.[1]
The species is diurnal and usually lives a solitary life. During the summer these squirrels are frequently sighted, but not during the winter. The diet mainly consists of acorns and the seeds of pines, but other fruits and seeds are also eaten including wild figs and plums. The mating season seems to take place in summer and at this time, up to twenty individuals may accumulate in one tree, but little is known of their breeding behaviour. In parts of their range, they come into contact with the Mexican gray squirrel (Sciurus aureogaster) and the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans).[3]
Peters's squirrel has a wide range and is commonly seen in summer. No particular threats have been identified and it is present in a number of protected areas, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
Peters's squirrel (Sciurus oculatus) is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus endemic to Mexico. It was first described by the German naturalist and explorer Wilhelm Peters in 1863. Three subspecies are recognised. It is a common species, and the IUCN has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".
La ardilla de Peter (Sciurus oculatus) es una especie de roedor de la familia Sciuridae.
Datos: Q1770020
Especies: Sciurus oculatus
Sciurus oculatus Sciurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Sciurinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Sciurus oculatus Sciurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Sciurinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Lo scoiattolo di Peters (Sciurus oculatus Peters, 1863) è una specie di scoiattolo arboricolo del genere Sciurus endemica del Messico.
Attualmente, gli studiosi riconoscono tre sottospecie di scoiattolo di Peters[1]:
Con un peso medio di circa 638 g, lo scoiattolo di Peters è uno dei membri più grandi del genere Sciurus. La sua colorazione è quasi interamente grigia, con occhi e regione ventrale di colore bianco. La coda è nera e lungo il dorso, dalla testa alla radice della coda, è presente una striscia nera larga 25-50 mm. La lunghezza del corpo varia a seconda della sottospecie, ma in genera si situa attorno ai 50-54 cm.
Lo scoiattolo di Peters vive nelle regioni montuose della Fascia Vulcanica Trasversale e dell'altopiano messicano, tra i 1500 e i 3600 m di quota, dagli stati di Morelos, Distretto Federale, Puebla e Veracruz, a sud, fino allo stato di San Luis Potosí, a nord.
Si incontra nelle foreste di pini e querce, ma anche in zone montane più aride. Talvolta si spinge anche in prossimità dei centri abitati.
Conosciamo ben poco sulla biologia dello scoiattolo di Peters. Ha abitudini diurno-crepuscolari, ed è maggiormente attivo intorno all'alba e prima del tramonto. È un agile arrampicatore e può coprire con un salto 2 m di lunghezza. Se le abitudini di questa specie non si discostano da quelle di altre specie del genere Sciurus, la gerarchia sociale potrebbe essere basata sull'età e sulle dimensioni corporee. I maschi generalmente sono dominanti, ma sono le femmine che difendono il nido dalle intrusioni di altre femmine. Si nutre di mandorle (Prunus), ghiande e fichi selvatici (Ficus). Il periodo della riproduzione comprende i mesi di luglio e agosto.
Lo scoiattolo di Peters è ancora molto numeroso e la sua popolazione sembra essere al sicuro; per questo motivo la IUCN lo inserisce tra le specie a rischio minimo.
Lo scoiattolo di Peters (Sciurus oculatus Peters, 1863) è una specie di scoiattolo arboricolo del genere Sciurus endemica del Messico.
Sciurus oculatus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Peters in 1863.
De soort komt voor in Mexico.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesSciurus oculatus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Peters in 1863.
Sciurus oculatus[2][3] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Peters 1863. Sciurus oculatus ingår i släktet trädekorrar, och familjen ekorrar.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.[2]
Denna ekorre når en absolut längd av 53 till 56 cm, inklusive en cirka 25 cm lång svans. Vikten ligger vid 640 g. Arten har grå päls på ovansidan och vit päls vid buken. Öronen är vita och på ryggens mitt finns ofta en svart strimma. Svansen har svart färg.[6]
Sciurus oculatus förekommer i centrala Mexiko. Den lever i bergstrakter och på högplatå mellan 1500 och 3600 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av barr- och lövskogar. Arten besöker även torra klippiga delar av bergstrakter med lite växtlighet.[1]
Sciurus oculatus äter nötter, mandel, frukter och andra växtdelar.[1] Individerna är aktiva på dagen, främst på morgonen och på eftermiddagen. Allmänt antas att levnadssättet är lika som hos andra trädekorrar som lever i södra Nordamerika, till exempel grå ekorre (Sciurus carolinensis).[6]
Wikispecies har information om Sciurus oculatus.
Sciurus oculatus är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Peters 1863. Sciurus oculatus ingår i släktet trädekorrar, och familjen ekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.
Denna ekorre når en absolut längd av 53 till 56 cm, inklusive en cirka 25 cm lång svans. Vikten ligger vid 640 g. Arten har grå päls på ovansidan och vit päls vid buken. Öronen är vita och på ryggens mitt finns ofta en svart strimma. Svansen har svart färg.
Sciurus oculatus förekommer i centrala Mexiko. Den lever i bergstrakter och på högplatå mellan 1500 och 3600 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av barr- och lövskogar. Arten besöker även torra klippiga delar av bergstrakter med lite växtlighet.
Sciurus oculatus äter nötter, mandel, frukter och andra växtdelar. Individerna är aktiva på dagen, främst på morgonen och på eftermiddagen. Allmänt antas att levnadssättet är lika som hos andra trädekorrar som lever i södra Nordamerika, till exempel grå ekorre (Sciurus carolinensis).
Країни поширення: Мексика (Ґуанахуато, Ідальго, Мехіко, Пуебла, Керетаро, Сан-Луїс-Потосі, Веракрус). Зустрічається на висотах від 1500 до 3600 м. Цю вивірку можна знайти в соснових і дубових лісах і в посушливих горах.
Розрізнення. S. oculatus може бути симпатричним з Sciurus aureogaster and Sciurus deppei. S. oculatus (загальна довжина 530-560 мм) розміром приблизно з S. aureogaster (загальна довжина 418-573 мм), але S. oculatus має коренастіше тіло і не має P3. S. deppei (загальна довжина 343-387 мм), має P3 і є значно меншим, ніж S. oculatus. Зовні S. oculatus нагадує Sciurus carolinensis, особливо більш південні підвиди S. carolinensis. Найочевиднішою відмінністю є відсутність P3 S. oculatus. Генетичні відносини можуть бути ближчі до Sciurus niger, ніж до S. carolinensis.
Опис. Велика деревна вивірка. Верх або одноманітно сиво-сірий або є серединна смуга чи наповнення чорного кольору. Вуха і орбітальні кільця від тьмяно-білого до жовто-коричневого кольору. Зверху хвіст чорний з важким заповненням білого. Знизу від сиво-сірого до жовтувато-коричневого кольору з кордону чорного волосся з білими кінчиками. Низ варіює від білого кольору до блідо-жовтуватого збагаченого вохрово-буруватим. Смуги навколо очей добре помітні, у різних підвидів вони різного кольору. Хутро густе і грубе. Волосся по центру спини довжиною 15 мм, по центру хвоста 58 мм і на кінці хвоста 80 мм. Підшерстя довге. Є 4 пари молочних залоз. Зубна формула: I 1/1, C 0/0, P 1/1, M 3/3 = 20.
Було відзначено, що споживає мигдаль (Prunus), жолуді і дикий інжир (Ficus). Її період розмноження припадає на липень і серпень.
Серйозних загроз для виду нема. Цей вид зустрічається в кількох природоохоронних територіях по всьому ареалу.
Sóc Peters, tên khoa học Sciurus oculatus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Peters mô tả năm 1863.[2] Chúng là loài đặc hữu của México.
Sóc Peters, tên khoa học Sciurus oculatus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Peters mô tả năm 1863. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của México.
페테르스청서(학명 : Sciurus oculatus)는 다람쥐과 청서속에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 멕시코의 토착종이다.[1] 1863년 독일 박물학자 겸 탐험가 페테르스(Wilhelm Peters)가 처음 기술했다. 3종의 아종이 알려져 있다. 흔하게 발견되는 종으로 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 보전 등급을 "관심대상종"으로 분류하고 있다,
페테르스다람쥐는 주로 나무에서 생활하는 대형 다람쥐의 일종이다. 꼬리를 제외한 몸길이가 508~560mm이고 꼬리 길이는 약 260mm, 몸무게는 약 550~750g이다. 아종에 따라 약간 다양한 색을 띠지만 등 쪽은 일반적으로 회색이고, 털은 짙은 갈색 또는 검은색 바탕에 배 쪽은 흰색 또는 크림색이다. 꼬리 윗면은 거무스레한 반면에 아랫면은 검고 털 끝은 희다. 눈 주위에 연한 색의 테가 둥글게 나 있으며, 다른 종과 구별되는 가장 중요한 특징은 치열로 윗쪽 앞어금니가 다른 근연종들보다 한 개 적다.[3]
멕시코의 토착종으로 과나후아토주와 이달고주, 멕시코주, 푸에블라주, 케레타로주, 산루이스포토시주, 베라크루스주에서 발견된다. 해발 약 1500~3600m 높이의 소나무와 참나무 숲에서 서식한다. 건조 산악 지대와 작은 협곡의 계곡 지역에서도 발견된다.[1]
3종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[2]
주행성 동물이며, 보통 독거 생활을 한다. 여름 동안에는 자주 발견되지만, 겨울에는 드물다. 먹이는 주로 도토리와 솔방울 씨앗이지만 야생 무화과와 자두를 포함한 다른 열매와 씨앗을 먹기도 한다. 여름에 짝짓기를 하는 것으로 보이며 나무 한 그루에 최대 20마리까지 모이지만 번식 습성은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 분포 지역 일부에서 멕시코회색청서와 남부날다람쥐가 함께 서식한다.[3]
페테르스청서는 분포 지역이 넓고, 여름에 흔하게 발견된다. 알려진 특별한 위협 요인이 없고, 다수의 보호구역에서 발견되기 때문에 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 보전 등급을 "관심대상종"으로 분류하고 있다.[1]
페테르스청서(학명 : Sciurus oculatus)는 다람쥐과 청서속에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다. 멕시코의 토착종이다. 1863년 독일 박물학자 겸 탐험가 페테르스(Wilhelm Peters)가 처음 기술했다. 3종의 아종이 알려져 있다. 흔하게 발견되는 종으로 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 보전 등급을 "관심대상종"으로 분류하고 있다,
