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Sargent Cypress

Cupressus sargentii Jeps.

Description

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Trees to 25 m, but often shrubby and less than 10 m; crown broader than tall or columnar, dense or open. Bark rough, furrowed, fibrous. Branchlets decussate, (1.5--)2--2.5 mm diam. Leaves usually with inconspicuous, shallow, pitlike, abaxial gland that usually does not produce drop of resin, often glaucous. Pollen cones mostly 3--4 ´ 2 mm; pollen sacs 3--4. Seed cones usually globose, mostly 2--2.5 cm, brown or gray, not glaucous; scales mostly 3--4 pairs, with scattered resin blisters, umbos inconspicuous or to 4 mm. Seeds 4--6 mm, dark brown, faintly to prominently glaucous.
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Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Calif.
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Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Chaparral, foothill woodland, and lower montane forests, on serpentine; 200--1100m.
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Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Cupressus sargentii Jepson var. duttonii Jepson
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Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Brief Summary

provided by EOL authors
Cupressus sargentii is a California endemic conifer found in elevations from 200 to 1000 meters, with a bioregional distribution that consists of the North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area and South Coast Ranges. The species has a high affinity for serpentine soils and is usually found in the following plant communities: Sargent cypress woodland, closed-cone-pine/cypress, yellow-pine forests, chaparral.

Sargent Cypress woodlands are a recognized plant community, which occur in coastal portions of Mendocino, Sonoma, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties as well as portions of the San Francisco Bay region. The Cedars in Sonoma County is an example of a Sargent Cypress coastal site. In more protected inland locales this woodland type may extend into a riparian zone where summer fogs persist. Grey Pine (Pinus sabiniana) may occur with Sargent Cypress in northern California. Leather Oak (Quercus durata) is often a dominant shrub in Sargent cypress woodland, also having ultramafic affinity.

Sargent cypress typically attains a height of ten to twenty meters. Its trunk bark is fibrous, thick, gray or dark brown to almost black. The young shoots are four-sided and cylindric and measure 1.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter. Leaves are dull, dusty green to grayish green. Pollen cones are three to four mm long and two mm in diameter. Spheric shaped seed cones are 15 to 30 mm in size, and display rough-surfaces; these seed cones are dull brown to gray, with six to ten scales having inconspicuous projections. The dark brown seeds are five to six mm long and generally glaucous.
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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Pablo Gutierrez
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Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Tree, Shrub, Evergreen, Monoecious, Habit erect, Trees without or rarely having knees, Tree with bark rough or scaly, Young shoots 3-dimensional, Buds not resinous, Leaves scale-like, Leaves opposite, Non-needle-like leaf margins entire, Leaf apex acute, Leaf apex obtuse, Leaves < 5 cm long, Leaves < 10 cm long, Leaves yellow-green above, Leaves not blue-green, Scale leaves with raised glands, Scale leaves without raised glands, Scale leaf glands not ruptured, Scale leaves overlapping, Twigs glabrous, Twigs not viscid, Twigs without peg-like projections or large fascicles after needles fall, Berry-like cones orange, Woody seed cones < 5 cm long, Bracts of seed cone included, Seeds brown, Seeds winged, Seeds equally winged, Seed wings narrower than body.
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Cupressus sargentii ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Cupressus sargentii és una espècie d'arbre endèmic de la costa central de Califòrnia són de la família de les cupressàcies com el xiprer.[3]

Descripció

El Port

És un arbre de mida petita o mitjana i de tija simple. Poden arribar a fer fins a 23 metres, sovint no arriben als 10m. En llocs exposats el seu port és més aviat de tipus arbustiu. L'escorça acostuma a ser de color gris. En la majoria dels jardins, aquest xiprer, té un creixement molt ràpid d'uns 10 peus i és molt resistent a la sequera. Aquest xiprer prefereix zones assoleiades, bon drenatge i aigua regular només per al primer any. Al nostre país pot arribar a ser un arbre de 70 peus que sembla un encreuament entre Pi Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii) i Cedre Deodar (Cedrus deodara).[4]

Les Fulles

Són arbres de fulla perenne, de color verd-gris, són oposades i es disposen en parells i tenen pous amb glàndules resiníferes. Es troba dins el grup de les gimnospermes, és a dir, no presenten flors tal com en les imaginem sinó que els aparells reproductors es troben agrupats en cons llenyós, de color marró fosc. Presenten serotinia, una adaptació de les plantes amb llavors en la que es produeix la dispersió de les llavors degut a un detonant ambiental (incendis, foc, pujada de les temperatures, etc.) i no de manera espontània com passa en la maduració de la llavor.

Estat de conservació

Tot i que s'estén sobre una llarga distància i encara abundant, l'àrea d'ocupació (AOO) es calcula com una malla de 4 × 4 km que el classifica dins del llindar per a Vulnerable (AOO = 704 km², el nombre d'ubicacions = 8-10). Hi ha una disminució continua degut a molts incendis que poden ser massa intensos per a beneficiar aquesta espècie.[5]

Abast geogràfic

Aquest xiprer es troba a Califòrnia, EE.UU., on creix a nivell de costa dividits en dues (sub)poblacions, una més cap al nord i l'altre creix més cap al sud. El grup del nord està més estès, sobretot cap al nord de la Badía de San Francisco de CA. (40 ° N); el grup del sud es presenta principalment en la Cordillera de Santa Lucía. La distància entre els dos principals grups és de més de 250 kilòmetres. Nombroses arbredes disperses es donen en la costa des del comtat de Mendocino fins al de Santa Barbara.

És una planta d'ús ornamental (també a Barcelona).

Referències

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Cupressus sargentii: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Cupressus sargentii és una espècie d'arbre endèmic de la costa central de Califòrnia són de la família de les cupressàcies com el xiprer.

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Cupressus sargentii ( German )

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Cupressus sargentii (Syn.: Hesperocyparis sargentii (Jeps.) Bartel) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Sie ist in Kalifornien heimisch.

Beschreibung

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Zweig mit reifen Zapfen

Cupressus sargentii wächst als immergrüner Baum, der Wuchshöhen von bis zu 25, meist aber nur 10 Meter erreicht. Die raue, faserige Borke ist gefurcht. Die offene oder dichte Krone ist mehr breit als hoch oder säulenförmig geformt. Die 1,5 bis 2,5 Millimeter dicken Zweige stehen kreuzgegenständig an den Ästen.[1]

Die Blätter sind schuppenartig geformt. Auf der Blattunterseite befindet sich eine unauffällige, meist blaugrüne Drüse, die normalerweise kein Harz absondert.[1]

Die männlichen Blütenzapfen werden 3 bis 4 Millimeter lang und rund 2 Millimeter dick. Sie enthalten drei bis vier Pollensäcke. Die Zapfen sind bei einem Durchmesser meist 2 bis 2,5 Zentimeter kugelig geformt. Zur Reife hin sind sie braun oder grau gefärbt. Jeder Zapfen besteht meist aus sechs bis acht Schuppen, auf denen sich vereinzelt Harzblasen befinden. Die 4 bis 6 Millimeter langen Samen sind dunkelbraun gefärbt und weisen eine schwache bis kräftige, blaugrüne Tönung auf.[1]

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 22.[2]

Verbreitung und Standort

Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet von Cupressus sargentii liegt in den Coast Ranges, im Santa-Lucia-Gebirge und in den San Rafael Mountains in Kalifornien. Man findet sie dort vom äußersten Norden des Mendocino Countys und des Colusa Countys im Norden über das Lake County, das Napa County sowie über das Marin County bis zum Alameda County, dem Monterey County, dem San Luis Obispo County und dem Santa Barbara County im Süden.[1]

Cupressus sargentii ist eine Baumart des Mittelmeerklimas. Die Art gedeiht in Höhenlagen von 200 bis 1100 Metern. Dort wächst sie vor allem in Wäldern sowie im Unterholz, häufig auf Serpentinböden. Der jährliche Niederschlag beträgt je nach Standort rund 600 mm.[1]

Systematik

Die Erstbeschreibung als Cupressus sargentii erfolgte 1909 durch Willis Linn Jepson in A Flora of California 1(1), S. 61. Teilweise werden die Synonyme Callitropsis sargentii (Jeps.) D.P. Little, Neocupressus sargentii (Jeps.) de Laub. oder Hesperocyparis sargentii (Jeps.) Bartel für die Art verwendet.[2][3]

Cupressus sargentii bildet in den Costal Ranges mit Cupressus macnabiana Hybride. Dies ist die einzige bekannte, natürliche Artkreuzung innerhalb der Gattung der Zypressen (Cupressus).[4]

Gefährdung und Schutz

Cupressus sargentii wird in der Roten Liste der IUCN als „nicht gefährdet“ geführt. Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass eine erneute Überprüfung der Gefährdung notwendig ist.[5]

Quellen

  • Christopher J. Earle: Cupressus sargentii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, 18. Dezember 2011, abgerufen am 5. Januar 2012 (englisch).
  • Frank D. Watson, James E. Eckenwalder: Cupressaceae. Cupressus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York u. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7, Cupressus sargentii (englisch, Cupressus sargentii – Online – dieses Werk ist textgleich Online).

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Cupressus sargentii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, 18. Dezember 2011, abgerufen am 5. Januar 2012 (englisch).
  2. a b Cupressus sargentii bei Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Abgerufen am 9. August 2016.
  3. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Cupressus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 25. März 2019.
  4. Frank D. Watson, James E. Eckenwalder: Cupressaceae. Cupressus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York u. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7, Cupressus macnabiana (englisch, Cupressus macnabiana – Online – dieses Werk ist textgleich Online).
  5. Cupressus sargentii in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Abgerufen am 5. Januar 2012.

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Cupressus sargentii: Brief Summary ( German )

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Cupressus sargentii (Syn.: Hesperocyparis sargentii (Jeps.) Bartel) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Sie ist in Kalifornien heimisch.

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Cupressus sargentii

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Cupressus sargentii is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae known by the common name Sargent's cypress. It is endemic to California, where it is known from Mendocino County southwards to Santa Barbara County. This taxon is limited to the Coast Range mountains. It grows in forests with other conifers, as well as chaparral and other local mountain habitat, usually in pure stands on serpentine soils. It generally grows 10 to 15 meters (33–50 feet) tall, but it is known to exceed 22 meters (73 feet). On Carson Ridge in Marin County, as well as Hood Mountain in Sonoma County, the species comprises a pygmy forest of trees which do not attain heights greater than 240–360 cm (8–12 feet) due to high mineral concentrations in the serpentine soil.[3]

One notable population occurs in the Cedar Mountain Ridge area of Eastern Alameda County. According to Carl Wolf, who extensively studied the New World Cypress in the 1930s and 1940s, seed from the Cedar Mountain stand of Cupressus sargentii produced the most vigorous seedlings.

Like many of the New World Cupressaceae, Sargent Cypress usually reproduces with the aid of wildfire, which cause an opening of the cones and exposure of bare mineral soil for seedling germination, though occasionally seeds will fall and germinate without fire, though such seems to be the exception rather than the rule. It is often the case that many trees in a particular stand will all be the same age, so that a sort of stratification occurs of different colonies all of the same age. Sargent Cypress can begin producing cones as early as five or six years of age.[4]

References

  1. ^ Farjon, A. (2013). "Cupressus sargentii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42258A2967745. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42258A2967745.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ The Plant List, Cupressus sargentii Jeps.
  3. ^ Biohere, Hood Mountain Park
  4. ^ Wolf, C. B. & Wagener, W. E. (1948). The New World cypresses. El Aliso 1: 195-205.
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Cupressus sargentii: Brief Summary

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Cupressus sargentii is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae known by the common name Sargent's cypress. It is endemic to California, where it is known from Mendocino County southwards to Santa Barbara County. This taxon is limited to the Coast Range mountains. It grows in forests with other conifers, as well as chaparral and other local mountain habitat, usually in pure stands on serpentine soils. It generally grows 10 to 15 meters (33–50 feet) tall, but it is known to exceed 22 meters (73 feet). On Carson Ridge in Marin County, as well as Hood Mountain in Sonoma County, the species comprises a pygmy forest of trees which do not attain heights greater than 240–360 cm (8–12 feet) due to high mineral concentrations in the serpentine soil.

One notable population occurs in the Cedar Mountain Ridge area of Eastern Alameda County. According to Carl Wolf, who extensively studied the New World Cypress in the 1930s and 1940s, seed from the Cedar Mountain stand of Cupressus sargentii produced the most vigorous seedlings.

Like many of the New World Cupressaceae, Sargent Cypress usually reproduces with the aid of wildfire, which cause an opening of the cones and exposure of bare mineral soil for seedling germination, though occasionally seeds will fall and germinate without fire, though such seems to be the exception rather than the rule. It is often the case that many trees in a particular stand will all be the same age, so that a sort of stratification occurs of different colonies all of the same age. Sargent Cypress can begin producing cones as early as five or six years of age.

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Cupressus sargentii ( Portuguese )

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Cupressus sargentii é uma espécie de conífera da família Cupressaceae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada nos Estados Unidos.

Referências

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Cupressus sargentii: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Cupressus sargentii é uma espécie de conífera da família Cupressaceae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada nos Estados Unidos.

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Cupressus sargentii ( Ukrainian )

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Поширення, екологія

Цей кипарис знаходиться в Каліфорнії, США, на узбережжі, ареал ділиться на північну і південну групи населення. Знайдений на 200-1100 м в колючих чагарниках, передгірських лісах, і більш низьких гірських лісах, часто на серпантинах. Клімат середземноморський з близько 600 мм річних опадів.

Морфологія

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Дерева

Дерева до 25 м, але часто чагарникові й менші 10 м; крона більша у ширину, ніж у висоту або стовпчаста, щільна або відкрита. Кора груба, борозенчаста, волокниста. Листя лусковидне. Пилкові шишки в основному 3-4 × 2 мм; пилкових мішечків 3-4. Шишки зазвичай кулясті, в основному 2-2,5 см, коричневі або сірі, не тьмяні; лусок в основному 3-4 пари. Насіння 4-6 мм, темно-коричневе, від слабо помітно тьмяних.

Використання

Деревина, як правило, довговічна і стабільна. Вона підходить для широкого спектра застосувань, включаючи столярні вироби, черепицю та човнів.Цей ліс не користується великим попитом і, отже, вирубка не розглядається як загроза. Фермери, можливо, використовували деревину для заборів у минулому. Кипарис вирощують на Гаваях.

Загрози та охорона

Значний відсоток основних областей зростання перебувають на державних землях, де природна рослинність більш-менш захищена відповідно до законодавства.

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Cupressus sargentii ( Vietnamese )

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Cupressus sargentii là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được Jeps. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1909.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Cupressus sargentii. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014.

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Cupressus sargentii: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cupressus sargentii là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được Jeps. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1909.

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