Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger 1905)

Diagnosis A medium sized species of the M. tumifrons group, diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) snout-vent length 23.0-25.3mm in males, 29.9mm in female; (2) head slightly broader than long, with a prominent, rounded protuberance above snout, extending between the eyes to near mid length of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsal and lateral surfaces of body largely covered by spinulose warts; (4) foot without tumefaction on metatarsus; (5) ground color of dorsum and flanks blackish brown; (6) ventral surfaces of hands, feet, and arms whitish cream; (7) three spots on chin and throat (mental and subarticular), and a large whitish cream blotch covering the lower belly and the lower side of the thighs; (8) dorsal surfaces of legs dark brown.

State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Description of the holotype General aspect robust, bufonoid. Head slightly broader than long; head width nearly one third of snout-vent length; head lacking cranial crests; snout short, slightly projecting beyond anterior margin of mouth, rounded in dorsal view and vertical in lateral view; a prominent, rounded protuberance above snout, extending between eyes to a point near the mid length of upper eyelid; in lateral view, snout protuberance raised above the level of upper eyelid; an inconspicuous longitudinal sulcus bisects the snout protuberance; canthus rostralis rounded due to snout protuberance; loreal region slightly concave, vertical; nostrils very small, situated at tip of snout, directed anteriorly; internarinal distance slightly less than upper eyelid width and approximately half interorbital distance; upper eyelid width approximately 60% of interorbital distance; eye diameter greater than internarinal distance, eye to nostril distance, and upper eyelid width, and about 75% of interorbital distance; tympanum concealed; tongue rounded, much longer than wide, with posterior margin free; choanae small, rounded, largely separated. Arms slender, lacking ulnar folds; axillary membrane absent. Hand with fingers moderately long; length of fingers from shortest to largest, I

LC. Least Concern. Must be reevaluated.

Melanophryniscus tumifrons is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.