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Description

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SVL males: 45-68, females 85-100mm; relatively slim body, snout lightly pointed; legs remarkably long. First finger shorter than or as long as second, fingers and toes with broadened roundish or slightly pointed flat discs, all toes with dark webbing that nearly or completely reaches the discs; skin of back rough like grained leather; dorsolateral fold shows more or less distinctly, tympanum round, no tympanal fold. Males have clearly larger tympana, callous thumbs and paired gular vocal sacs. Males are uniform green in various nuances, with dark spots or dots, dark dorsolateral stripes, completely dark or dark with green spots; the back is usually a different color than the sides. Dark stripes from the tip of the snout to the eyes; tympanum brown or dark gray, with a green center; lips white to light brownish. Legs often with dark cross banding; belly dark with bright dispersed areas that range from white to light gray. Females with a lesser ability to change color; individually with varied coloration, back mostly green; predominantly with dark stripes from tip of snout to the eyes, tympanum sometimes bright red, sides sometimes yellow with green areas to uniform green, yellow with white and light gray areas or brownish; some individuals completely light brown on sides and back. Extremities brownish, green or gray, usually with dark cross banding. Belly usually whitish, with gray clouding, especially in the throat area. (Manthey and Grossmann 1997).

Reference

Manthey, U. and Grossmann, W. (1997). Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, Germany.

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Distribution and Habitat

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Occurs in the south of Thailand, west Malaysia as well as on the west Malaysian islands of Pulau Pinang and Pulau Tioman. Occurs on Borneo, Java, Sumatra and Pulau Sumeulu. Rana hosii prefers fast flowing, clear waters with rocky edges in forest areas (up to 1500m). Grossmann and Manthey (1997) observed females near rainwater streams in a meadow on the Bukit Fraser (west Malaysia) at night. The frogs are most abundant near waterfalls. During the day, males can be found hiding among the rocks along the banks. When disturbed, they jump into the water and swim upstream with a few short strokes to climb up onto the nearest rocks. Females spend the day in branch axles and bushes at 1 to 2m high (Manthey and Grossmann, 1997)[815].
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Regardless of season, males call in a high frequency that penetrates the noise of the waterfalls. The call is reminiscent of chirping birds and can be heard during the day as well. Females lay their eggs, 500-2000 at a time, in coherent clutches directly into the water. The male immediately grabs the female in an axillar amplexus that can be maintained for several hours. Diminutive white larvae hatch from the white eggs after 6-10 days. During their development the larvae's color changes through several shades of gray. They reach a total length of 38mm (SVL 11mm). The mouth is located ventrally. The tooth formula for young larvae is 5 (2-5)/4 (1), while that of the older larvae is 6 (3-6)/4 (1). Newly metamorphosed Rana hosii have a SVL of about 10mm and are dark gray. The back turns green with dark spots within a few weeks (Manthey and Grossmann 1997).
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Hose's frog

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Hose's frog (Odorrana hosii, often misspelled as O. hosei) is a true frog species with a wide range in Southeast Asia. This species was named after zoologist Charles Hose.

Its closest living relatives appear to be O. chloronota which occurs to the north of Hose's frog's range, as well as O. livida and O. morafkai with a more limited range in Myanmar and Vietnam, respectively; these four appear to form a close-knit group wherein the northern species are barely closer to each other than Hose's frog is to any of them. Also quite closely related is O. megatympanum, another Vietnamese endemic.[2][3]

Description

This frog has a robust body with long, slender legs; males measure 50–60 mm, females 85–100 mm. The dorsal are dark green with brown sides, the ventral are pale, the limbs are marked with dark crossbars. Its finger- and toe-tips bear grooved discs. This frog also have many varians of dorsal colour. Including full green, full brown, green with brown dots, and brown with green dots. Its call heard like "cit" of rats. Its tadpoles apparently lack suctorial discs.

Distribution and ecology

Hose's frog has been recorded from the Malay Peninsula south of the Kra Isthmus, on Phuket, Tioman, Borneo, the Batu Islands, Sumatra, Simeulue,[4] Bangka Island, Belitung and Java. It lives in and along clear, swift streams and rivers in rainforest up to 1,700 meters ASL. Though declining in recent times due to deforestation, it is still widely distributed and plentiful, and there is evidence that it is more tolerant of pollution and will morer readily accept secondary forest than many other frogs in the region. It is therefore listed as a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN.[1]

Eggs are probably deposited in water in a way roughly similar to other true frogs. But the eggs inside their gelatinous outer layer are cream-coloured without a dark hemisphere, indicating a specialised oviposition site.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Peter Paul van Dijk, Djoko Iskandar, Robert Inger (2004) Odorrana hosii. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.
  2. ^ Cai, Hong-xia; Che, Jing; Pang, Jun-feng; Zhao, Er-mi; Zhang, Ya-ping (2007). "Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1531: 49–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1531.1.4. copy
  3. ^ Stuart, Bryan L. (2008). "The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae)". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 46 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016. PMID 18042407.
  4. ^ Sarenha Lawalata, Shobi Zenobia (2011). "Historical Biogeography of Sumatra and Western Archipelago, Indonesia: Insights from the flying lizards in the genus Draco (Iguania: Agamidae)" (PDF). digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu.

Further reading

  • Inger, Robert F. (1966): The Systematics and Zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana Zool. 52: 1–402.

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Hose's frog: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Hose's frog (Odorrana hosii, often misspelled as O. hosei) is a true frog species with a wide range in Southeast Asia. This species was named after zoologist Charles Hose.

Its closest living relatives appear to be O. chloronota which occurs to the north of Hose's frog's range, as well as O. livida and O. morafkai with a more limited range in Myanmar and Vietnam, respectively; these four appear to form a close-knit group wherein the northern species are barely closer to each other than Hose's frog is to any of them. Also quite closely related is O. megatympanum, another Vietnamese endemic.

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