Austrolebias charrua Costa & Cheffe 2001

Two apomorphic color patterns, body bright gray with dark gray to black stripes in males (versus light gray or no stripes; stripes of equal size to, or wider than the light interspaces) and a vertically paired black blotch on caudal peduncle of juveniles and females (versus small spots irregularly arranged, or a single round dorsally positioned spot, or no spots on caudal peduncle). Scales on longitudinal series 28-30, supraorbital neuromasts 19-24, caudal fin rounded (fin rays 23-26), pharyngobranchial teeth 2-5. Dorsal fin origin anterior to anal fin origin in females.

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 26; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 21 - 29; Vertebrae: 28 - 31

Austrolebias charrua is a species of killifish from the family Rivulidae. It is endemic to the basin of the Laguna dos Patos in southern Brazil. This species was described in 2001 with the type locality given as a temporary pool near Chuí and Santa Vitória do Palmar in Rio Grande do Sul. The specific name refers to the Charrúa an indigenous people who lived in Rio Grande do Sul, as well as neighbouring parts of Argentina and Uruguay.