Comments
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Tsuga caroliniana is valuable as an attractive ornamental; a number of cultivars have been developed. The wood is of little commercial importance because of the combination of mediocre quality and the relative rarity of the species in nature.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Trees to 30m; trunk to 2m diam.; crown conic. Bark brown, scaly and fissured. Twigs light brown, thinly covered with short, dark hairs. Buds oblong, 2--3mm. Leaves 10--20mm, mostly spreading in all directions from twigs, flat but slightly revolute; abaxial surface glaucous, with 2 broad, conspicuous stomatal bands, adaxial surface shiny green; margins entire. Seed cones ovoid to oblong, 2.5--4 ´ 1.5--2.5cm; scales oblong, 12--18 ´ 8--12mm, bases clawed, apex rounded. 2 n =24.
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Habitat & Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Rocky montane slopes; 700--1200m; Ga., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Va.
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Common Names
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Carolina hemlock
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Conservation Status
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
naturalCarolina hemlock is listed as rare in its natural range [
11].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Cover Value
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Carolina hemlock and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) stands are
considered essential for shelter and bedding of white-tailed deer during
the winter [
6].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeCarolina hemlock is a native, slow-growing, coniferous, evergreen tree
usually 40 to 70 feet (12-21 m) tall and 8 to 12 inches (20-30 cm) in
d.b.h. [
4,
8,
15]. Heights of 150 to 180 feet (46-55 m) and diameters of
5 to 6 feet (1.5-1.8 m) have been reported [
8].
Carolina hemlock has a long slender trunk and a narrow crown of slightly
drooping branches. The leaf blades spread from the twig in all
directions. The cones are 1.0 to 1.5 inches (2.5-3.8 cm) long, and the
seeds are the longest of any of the native hemlocks [
18]. The bark on
younger trees is flaky and scaly and on older trees, deeply furrowed.
The root system is shallow and spreading [
2,
6,
8].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Carolina hemlock has a very limited distribution. It occurs along the
slopes of the Appalachian Mountains from southwestern Virginia and
western North Carolina into South Carolina and northern Georgia
[
6,
8,
22].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fire regimeCurrently, very little information on the fire ecology of Carolina
hemlock is available in the literature. Starker [
19,
20] lists other
species of hemlock as having an intermediate resistance to fire.
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Management Considerations
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fire suppressionCarolina hemlock is favored by fire suppression. Humphrey [
7] reports
that the slow-growing Carolina hemlock will have time to develop a
mature population only on sites where fire is infrequent.
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
phanerophytePhanerophyte
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cover,
cover type,
litterCarolina hemlock is common on rocky slopes and ridges of the Appalachian
Mountains at elevations between 2,100 and 4,000 feet (400-1,220 m)
[
7,
8]. Typically, most soils are very acidic (between 3.5-4.5 pH), but
some are near neutral. The heavy, slowly decomposing litter fosters
podzolization as the stand increases in age [
7,
8].
Other associates of Carolina hemlock in addition to the cover type
species are eastern hemlock (T. canadensis), Carolina silverbell
(Halesia carolina), American holly (Ilex opaca), mountain rosebay
(Rhododendron catawbiense), mountain-laurel (Kalmia latifolia), and oak
(Quercus spp.) [
7,
8,
9].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
44 Chestnut oak
58 Yellow-poplar - eastern hemlock
59 Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
78 Virginia pine - oak
87 Sweet gum - yellow-poplar
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the term:
forestK104 Appalachian oak forest
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Presumably, seedlings and saplings of Carolina hemlock are killed by
fire.
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The seeds of Carolina hemlock are an important food for a number of
birds and mammals. Beaver, and occasionally porcupine and rabbit, eat
the bark [
6,
18]. The foliage is occasionally browsed by white-tailed
deer in the winter [
1].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeTree
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Information concerning management practices for Carolina hemlock is
lacking. However, management practices for the very similair species
eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) have been outlined [
6].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
GA NC SC TN VA
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Carolina hemlock is often planted as an ornamental. Tannin from the
bark of Carolina hemlock was formerly extracted for use in processing
leather [
7,
16].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
seedCarolina hemlock pollination occurs from March to the end of April. The
cones ripen from late August to late September of the next year; the
seed is dispersed from September through the winter [
18].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
root crown,
secondary colonizerTree without adventitious-bud root crown
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
seedSeed production and dissemination: Carolina hemlock begins producing
seed at about age 20, but good crops do not occur until the trees are
are 25 and 30 years. The lightweight seed are wind dispersed. Carolina
hemlock seed averages of 187,000 seeds per pound (415,000/kg) [
14,
16].
Vegetative Reproduction: Like other hemlocks Carolina hemlock does not
sprout and only rarely layers. Vegetative propagation by cuttings and
grafting are limited to ornamental production [
6].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
climax,
successionObligate Climax Species
Carolina hemlock is very shade tolerant. It will gradually replace
earlier established species and become dominant in very late stages of
succession. Carolina hemlock can be considered a climax species because
it is difficult for other species to invade and grow under its canopy [
7].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name of Carolina hemlock is Tsuga
caroliniana Engelm. [
12]. There are no recognized subspecies,
varieties, or forms.
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Wood Products Value
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The wood of Carolina hemlock can be used for lumber or pulpwood, but the
species is so limited in extent that it is not considered commercially
important [
6,
16].
- citação bibliográfica
- Coladonato, Milo 1993. Tsuga caroliniana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por IABIN
Chile Central
Physical Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por USDA PLANTS text
Tree, Evergreen, Monoecious, Habit erect, Trees without or rarely having knees, Tree with bark rough or scaly, Young shoots 3-dimensional, Buds not resinous, Leaves needle-like, Leaves alternate, Needle-like leaf margins entire (use magnification), Leaf apex obtuse, Leaves < 5 cm long, Leaves < 10 cm long, Leaves not blue-green, Needle-like leaves flat, Needle-like leaves not twisted, Needle-like leaf habit erect, Needle-like leaf habit drooping, Needle-like leaves per fascicle mostly 1, Needle-like leaf sheath early deciduous, Needle-like leaf sheath persistent, Twigs pubescent, Twigs not viscid, Twigs with peg-like projections or large fascicles after needles fall, Berry-like cones orange, Woody seed cones < 5 cm long, Bracts of seed cone included, Seeds brown, Seeds winged, Seeds unequally winged, Seed wings prominent, Seed wings equal to or broader than body.
- compilador
- Stephen C. Meyers
- compilador
- Aaron Liston
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- Steffi Ickert-Bond
- compilador
- Damon Little
Carolina-Hemlocktanne
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Die Carolina-Hemlocktanne (Tsuga caroliniana) ist ein Nadelbaum aus der Gattung der Hemlocktannen. Sie wächst in den Vereinigten Staaten in den Appalachen.
Beschreibung
Die Carolina-Hemlocktanne ist ein etwa 15 bis 25 Meter hoher Baum, der einen Brusthöhendurchmesser von 50 bis 60 Zentimetern (maximal 150 Zentimeter)[1] erreicht. Die Borke älterer Bäume ist rau und schuppig, außen rötlich grau und rotbrauner Borke in den Rissen.[2] Die dichte Krone ist kegelförmig, die Äste sind abstehend und oft hängend. Die Triebe sind in den Furchen etwas behaart und glänzend orangebraun, die Knospen eiförmig rundlich.[3]
Die ganzrandigen Nadeln stehen gescheitelt an den Zweigen. Sie werden 15 bis 20 Millimeter lang und 1,5 bis 2,0 Millimeter breit, sind vorne abgerundet oder gestutzt. Die Oberseite ist glänzend dunkelgrün und gefurcht, die Unterseite zeigt zwei auffallende weiße Spaltöffnungsstreifen.[3]
Die Zapfen sind länglich-eiförmig, etwa 2,0 bis 3,5 Zentimeter lang, kurz gestielt oder sitzend. Die Zapfenschuppen sind länglich-eiförmig, abgerundet, dick und außen etwas flaumig behaart. Zur Reife sind sie weit gespreizt.[3] Die Pollen werden zwischen März und April freigesetzt, die Zapfen reifen von Ende August bis Ende September des folgenden Jahres, die Samen werden ab September über den Winter ausgesetzt.[1]
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 24.[4]
Verbreitung, Ökologie und Gefährdung
Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Art befindet sich im östlichen Nordamerika und erstreckt sich entlang der Appalachen[5] von Virginia über Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina bis ins nördliche Georgia.[6][7]
Die Carolina-Hemlocktanne wächst auf trockenen, felsigen Hängen[6] in 750 bis 1200 Metern, seltener ab 600 und bis 1500 Metern Höhe[5] auf durchlässigen, sauren bis neutralen, sandig- oder kiesig-humosen, mäßig nährstoffreichen, kalkarmen Böden. Man findet sie an sonnigen bis lichtschattigen Standorten.[3] Die jährliche Niederschlagsmenge übersteigt 1000 Millimeter und fällt über das ganze Jahr.[5]
In der Roten Liste der IUCN wird die Carolina-Hemlocktanne als nicht gefährdet („Lower Risk/least concern“) geführt. Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass eine neuerliche Überprüfung der Gefährdung nötig ist.[8]
Systematik
Die Carolina-Hemlocktanne (Tsuga caroliniana) ist eine Art der Gattung der Hemlocktannen (Tsuga). Dort wird sie der Untergattung Tsuga zugeordnet.[9] Das Artepitheton caroliniana verweist auf die beiden US-Bundesstaaten North Carolina und South Carolina.[2]
Verwendung
Das Holz wird aufgrund der Seltenheit der Art und der mittelmäßigen Qualität selten verwendet,[1] die Art ist jedoch als Parkbaum und Heckenpflanze beliebt. In Mitteleuropa ist sie winterhart.[6]
Literatur
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World’s Conifers. Band 2. Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3, S. 1009–1010.
-
Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze. Bestimmung, Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Mit einem Winterschlüssel von Bernd Schulz. 3., korrigierte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6, S. 792.
- Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexikon der Baum- und Straucharten. Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8, S. 534.
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ a b c Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga caroliniana. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Abgerufen am 28. Mai 2011 (englisch).
-
↑ a b Farjon: A Handbook of the World’s Conifers, Band 2, S. 1009
-
↑ a b c d Roloff et al.: Flora der Gehölze, S. 792
-
↑ Tropicos. [1]
-
↑ a b c Farjon: A Handbook of the World’s Conifers, Band 2, S. 1010
-
↑ a b c Schütt et al.: Lexikon der Baum- und Straucharten, S. 534
-
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Tsuga. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 11. April 2019.
-
↑ Tsuga caroliniana in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2010. Eingestellt von: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Abgerufen am 28. Mai 2011.
-
↑ Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Abgerufen am 28. Mai 2011 (englisch).
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Carolina-Hemlocktanne: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Zweig mit Nadeln
Die Carolina-Hemlocktanne (Tsuga caroliniana) ist ein Nadelbaum aus der Gattung der Hemlocktannen. Sie wächst in den Vereinigten Staaten in den Appalachen.
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Tsuga caroliniana
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Tsuga caroliniana, the Carolina hemlock,[3] is a species of hemlock endemic to the United States. As of 2023, it is under review for listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.[4]
Distribution and habitat
Carolina hemlock is native to the Appalachian Mountains in southwest Virginia, western North Carolina, extreme northeast Georgia, northwest South Carolina, and eastern Tennessee.[5] Its habitat is on rocky mountain slopes at elevations of 700–1,200 m (2,300–3,900 ft). The optimal growing condition is a partly shady area with moist but well-drained soil in a cool climate.[6] There is a small, self-sustaining population of Carolina hemlock in the Virginia Kendall State Park Historic District of the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in northeast Ohio planted originally as part of reforestation efforts during the park’s development in the 1930s and 40s.[7]
Description
It is an evergreen coniferous tree growing up to 30 m (98 ft) (exceptionally 34 m or 112 ft) tall and 110 cm (43 in) in trunk diameter under forest conditions. The crown is compact and pyramidal, growing up to 8 m (26 ft) wide. The bark is thick and reddish-brown, and becomes fissured between scaly ridges. The branches are stout and usually horizontal, but often slightly drooping. The shoots are red-brown to orange-brown, and finely hairy. The leaves are 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) long and 1.8–2 mm (0.071–0.079 in) broad, flattened, not tapering toward their ends, with a rounded or slightly notched apex; they radiate outward in all directions from the twigs, and smell of tangerine if crushed. They are glossy dark green above and paler on the underside, with two white stomatal bands. The cones are 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) long, green, maturing light to mid-brown 6–7 months after pollination. When fully open, their scales are positioned at a right angle or reflexed to the central axis.[6][8][9]
Threats
The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an adelgid introduced to the United States from Asia in 1924, threatens Carolina hemlock, which is as susceptible as the related eastern hemlock.[8] The trees may also be attacked by elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa).[7]: 15–16 [10]
Horticulture
Carolina hemlock is used more often as an ornamental tree than for timber production, due to its overall rarity.[9] In landscaping, it is similar in appearance to eastern hemlock, but the Carolina hemlock has a deep taproot, compared with the shallow, aggressive roots of eastern hemlock. This means shrubs and other plants can be grown more easily under Carolina hemlock.[11]
Foliage, Rogów Arboretum, Poland
References
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Tsuga caroliniana: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Tsuga caroliniana, the Carolina hemlock, is a species of hemlock endemic to the United States. As of 2023, it is under review for listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.
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Tsuga caroliniana
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Tsuga caroliniana, la tsuga de Carolina,[2]es una especie arbórea perteneciente a las coníferas Pinophyta, originaria de los montes Apalaches en el suroeste de Virginia, oeste de Carolina del Norte, extremo noreste de Georgia, noroeste de Carolina del Sur, y este de Tennessee.[3] Su hábitat se encuentra en las laderas rocosas de montaña a alturas de 700-1200 m. La condición de crecimiento óptimo es una zona parcialmente umbría con suelo húmedo pero bien drenado en un clima fresco.[4]
Es una conífera siempreverde que crece hasta 30 m (excepcionalmente 34 m) de alto y 110 cm en diámetro de tronco en condiciones forestales. La copa es compacta y piramidal, que crece hasta 8 m de ancho. La corteza es gruesa, de pardo rojizo y se va fisurando entre las crestas escamosas. Las ramas son rígidas y usualmente horizontales, pero a menudo ligeramente caídas. Los brotes son pardo rojizo a pardo anaranjado con una fina vellosidad. Las hojas tienen 5-20 mm de largo y 1,8–2 mm de ancho, son aplanadas, con una punta redondeada. Los estróbilos tienen 2-4 cm de largo, verdes, cuando maduran son de pardo claro a medio 6–7 meses después de la polinización. Cuando están totalmente abiertos, sus escamas se encuentran en ángulo recto o flexionados respecto al eje central.[4][5][6]
Tsuga caroliniana se usa más como árbol ornamental, debido a su rareza.[6] En paisajismo, es parecido en apariencia a la Tsuga de Canadá, pero la especie caroliniana tiene una profunda raíz primaria, en comparación con las raíces agresivas y superficiales de la canadensis. Esto significa que los arbustos y otras plantas pueden crecer más fácilmente por debajo de la caroliniana.[7]
Referencias
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Tsuga caroliniana: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Tsuga caroliniana, la tsuga de Carolina,es una especie arbórea perteneciente a las coníferas Pinophyta, originaria de los montes Apalaches en el suroeste de Virginia, oeste de Carolina del Norte, extremo noreste de Georgia, noroeste de Carolina del Sur, y este de Tennessee. Su hábitat se encuentra en las laderas rocosas de montaña a alturas de 700-1200 m. La condición de crecimiento óptimo es una zona parcialmente umbría con suelo húmedo pero bien drenado en un clima fresco.
Es una conífera siempreverde que crece hasta 30 m (excepcionalmente 34 m) de alto y 110 cm en diámetro de tronco en condiciones forestales. La copa es compacta y piramidal, que crece hasta 8 m de ancho. La corteza es gruesa, de pardo rojizo y se va fisurando entre las crestas escamosas. Las ramas son rígidas y usualmente horizontales, pero a menudo ligeramente caídas. Los brotes son pardo rojizo a pardo anaranjado con una fina vellosidad. Las hojas tienen 5-20 mm de largo y 1,8–2 mm de ancho, son aplanadas, con una punta redondeada. Los estróbilos tienen 2-4 cm de largo, verdes, cuando maduran son de pardo claro a medio 6–7 meses después de la polinización. Cuando están totalmente abiertos, sus escamas se encuentran en ángulo recto o flexionados respecto al eje central.
Tsuga caroliniana se usa más como árbol ornamental, debido a su rareza. En paisajismo, es parecido en apariencia a la Tsuga de Canadá, pero la especie caroliniana tiene una profunda raíz primaria, en comparación con las raíces agresivas y superficiales de la canadensis. Esto significa que los arbustos y otras plantas pueden crecer más fácilmente por debajo de la caroliniana.
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Rotkohemlokki
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
Rotkohemlokki (Tsuga caroliniana) on mäntykasvien (Pinaceae) heimoon kuuluva havupuu. Se kasvaa luonnonvaraisena pienellä alueella Yhdysvalloissa Appalakkien vuoristossa. Kasvupaikkoja ovat vuorenrinteet 750–1200 metrin korkeudessa. Rotkohemlokki voi kasvaa 30 metrin pituiseksi ja 1,5 metrin paksuiseksi.[2]
Rotkohemlokkia käytetään yleisemmin koristepuuna kuin metsätaloudessa. Sitä on kokeiltu Suomessa hyvin vähän.[3]
Lähteet
-
↑ Farjon, A.: Tsuga caroliniana IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.2. 2013. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 5.11.2016. (englanniksi)
-
↑ Gymnosperm Database: Tsuga caroliniana conifers.org. Viitattu 6.6.2009.
-
↑ Metla: Rotkohemlokki metla.fi. Viitattu 6.6.2009.
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Rotkohemlokki: Brief Summary
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
Rotkohemlokki (Tsuga caroliniana) on mäntykasvien (Pinaceae) heimoon kuuluva havupuu. Se kasvaa luonnonvaraisena pienellä alueella Yhdysvalloissa Appalakkien vuoristossa. Kasvupaikkoja ovat vuorenrinteet 750–1200 metrin korkeudessa. Rotkohemlokki voi kasvaa 30 metrin pituiseksi ja 1,5 metrin paksuiseksi.
Rotkohemlokkia käytetään yleisemmin koristepuuna kuin metsätaloudessa. Sitä on kokeiltu Suomessa hyvin vähän.
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Pruche de la Caroline
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Tsuga caroliniana
La Pruche de la Caroline (Tsuga caroliniana ) est un arbre conifère appartenant au genre Tsuga à la famille des Pinaceae.
Habitat
Le Tsuga caroliniana est un conifère originaire des États-Unis où on le retrouve à l'état naturel dans les États de Caroline du Nord, de Caroline du Sud, de Géorgie, du Tennessee et de Virginie. L'arbre apprécie les endroits semi ensoleillés, dont le sol est humide mais bien drainé.
Description
L'arbre est surtout utilisé à titre ornemental. Sa rareté a empêché toute exploitation forestière spécifique. Le conifère atteint généralement une taille de 30 mètres (jusque 34 mètres maximum) et son tronc atteint 1,1 mètre de diamètre en forêt. Sa forme est pyramidale et peut atteindre 8 mètres de large. Le tronc est de couleur brun-rougeâtre et se fissure avec l'âge. Les feuilles sont longues de 10 à 20 mm. Elles sont vert foncé au-dessus et possèdent en plus deux rangées de stomates blancs en dessous.
Le cône de l'arbre mesure entre 25 et 40 mm de long et est de couleur brun clair. Lorsque celui-ci est ouvert, ses écailles sont positionnées à angle droit par rapport à l'axe central du cône.
Notes et références
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Pruche de la Caroline: Brief Summary
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Tsuga caroliniana
La Pruche de la Caroline (Tsuga caroliniana ) est un arbre conifère appartenant au genre Tsuga à la famille des Pinaceae.
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Fagurþöll
(
Islandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia IS
Fagurþöll (fræðiheiti: Tsuga caroliniana[2][3][4][5]) er tegund í þallarættkvísl (Tsuga) ættuð frá Appalasíufjöllum í suðvestur Virginíu, vestur Norður-Karólínu, norðaustast í Georgíu, norðvestur Suður-Karólínu og austur Tennessee í Bandaríkjunum.[6] Búsvæði þess eru klettóttar fjallahlíðar í 700 til 1200 metra hæð. Heppileg vaxtarskilyrði eru í hálfskugga með rökum en gljúpum jarðvegi í svölu loftslagi.[7]
Þetta er sígrænt barrtré sem verður að 30 metra hátt (einstaka sinnum 34m) og 110 sm í þvermál út í skógi. Krónan er þétt og pýramídalaga, að 8 m breið. Börkurinn er þykkur og rauðbrúnn, og verður ´sprunginn með hreistruðum hryggjum. Greinarnar eru kröftugar og yfirleitt láréttar, en geta verið lítið eitt drjúpandi. Sprotarnir eru rauðbrúnir til rauðgulbrúnir, og fínhærðir. Barrið er 5 - 20 mm langt og 1,8 til 2 mm breitt, útflatt bogadregin ofan eða næstum þverstýfð, sjaldan lítillega framjaðrað. Þær standa út í allar áttir út frá greinunum, og ilma af tangerínum ef kramdar. Þau eru gljáandi dökkgræn að ofan og á neðra borði ljósari og með tvær hvítar loftaugarákir. Könglarnir eru 2 til 4 sm langir, grænir óþroskaðir og með þroska verða brúnir til ljósbrúnir 6 til 7 mánuðum eftir frjóvgun. Þegar þeir eru fullopnir eru hreisturblöðkurnar hornrétt eða aftursveigðar frá miðju.[7][8][9]
Ullarlúsin Adelges tsugae, var flutt til austur Bandaríkjanna frá Asíu 1924, ógnar fagurþöll, en hún er næm fyrir henni eins og kanadaþöll.[8]
Fagurþöll er meir notuð sem skrauttré en til timburframleiðslu, ekki síst vegna þess hversu sjaldgæf hún er.[9] Í görðum eru þær svipaðar, en fagurþöll er með stólparót, öfugt við yfirborðskenndar og ágengar rætur kanadaþallar. Það þýðir að runnar og aðrar plöntur þrífast betur undir fagurþöll.[10]
Barr, Rogów Arboretum, Pólland
Tilvísanir
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↑ Farjon, A. (2013). „Tsuga caroliniana“. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2013: e.T34200A2850654. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34200A2850654.en. Sótt 14. desember 2017.
-
↑ Bean, W.J., 1980Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles, ed. 8, Vols. 1-4 John Murray, London
-
↑ Farjon, A., 1990Pinaceae. [Regnum Vegetabile Vol. 121] Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein
-
↑ Engelm., 1881 In: Bot. Gaz. 6: 223.
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↑ Snið:PLANTS
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↑ Geographic Distribution Map: Tsuga caroliniana (Carolina Hemlock)
-
↑ 7,0 7,1 Farjon, A. (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books. ISBN 3-87429-298-3.
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↑ 8,0 8,1 Gymnosperm Database: Tsuga caroliniana
-
↑ 9,0 9,1 Flora of North America: Tsuga Caroliniana
-
↑ Richard E. Bir (1992). Growing and Propagating Showy Native Woody Plants. University of North Carolina Press. bls. 62. ISBN 0-8078-4366-0.
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Fagurþöll: Brief Summary
(
Islandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia IS
Fagurþöll (fræðiheiti: Tsuga caroliniana) er tegund í þallarættkvísl (Tsuga) ættuð frá Appalasíufjöllum í suðvestur Virginíu, vestur Norður-Karólínu, norðaustast í Georgíu, norðvestur Suður-Karólínu og austur Tennessee í Bandaríkjunum. Búsvæði þess eru klettóttar fjallahlíðar í 700 til 1200 metra hæð. Heppileg vaxtarskilyrði eru í hálfskugga með rökum en gljúpum jarðvegi í svölu loftslagi.
Þetta er sígrænt barrtré sem verður að 30 metra hátt (einstaka sinnum 34m) og 110 sm í þvermál út í skógi. Krónan er þétt og pýramídalaga, að 8 m breið. Börkurinn er þykkur og rauðbrúnn, og verður ´sprunginn með hreistruðum hryggjum. Greinarnar eru kröftugar og yfirleitt láréttar, en geta verið lítið eitt drjúpandi. Sprotarnir eru rauðbrúnir til rauðgulbrúnir, og fínhærðir. Barrið er 5 - 20 mm langt og 1,8 til 2 mm breitt, útflatt bogadregin ofan eða næstum þverstýfð, sjaldan lítillega framjaðrað. Þær standa út í allar áttir út frá greinunum, og ilma af tangerínum ef kramdar. Þau eru gljáandi dökkgræn að ofan og á neðra borði ljósari og með tvær hvítar loftaugarákir. Könglarnir eru 2 til 4 sm langir, grænir óþroskaðir og með þroska verða brúnir til ljósbrúnir 6 til 7 mánuðum eftir frjóvgun. Þegar þeir eru fullopnir eru hreisturblöðkurnar hornrétt eða aftursveigðar frá miðju.
Ullarlúsin Adelges tsugae, var flutt til austur Bandaríkjanna frá Asíu 1924, ógnar fagurþöll, en hún er næm fyrir henni eins og kanadaþöll.
Fagurþöll er meir notuð sem skrauttré en til timburframleiðslu, ekki síst vegna þess hversu sjaldgæf hún er. Í görðum eru þær svipaðar, en fagurþöll er með stólparót, öfugt við yfirborðskenndar og ágengar rætur kanadaþallar. Það þýðir að runnar og aðrar plöntur þrífast betur undir fagurþöll.
Barr, Rogów Arboretum, Pólland
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Carolinahemlokk
(
Norueguês
)
fornecido por wikipedia NO
Carolinahemlokk (vitenskapelig navn Tsuga caroliniana) er en art av bartrær innenfor hemlokkslekten i furufamilien. Den er en av fire arter som vokser i Nord-Amerika. I USA kalles den Carolina Hemlock
Trærne er middelsstore, gjerne 20-30 meter høye, sjelden inntil 35 meter. Den har kompakt konisk eller pyramideformet trekrone, som er inntil 8 meter bred. barken er tjukk og rød-brun. Greinene er store, og enten horisontalt utstående eller svakt nedoverbøyde. Diameteren på stammen kan nå 1,15 meter.
Nålene er inntil 2 cm lange, og peker til alle kanter. De har avrundet spiss, og lukter mandarin om de knuses. De er mørkegrønne øverst og har to hvite bånd av spalteåpninger på undersiden. Konglene er grønne og 2-4 cm lange, de åpner seg i løpet av et halvår og blir da lyst brune.
Et insekt som kalles Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) truer bestanden, som nå er avgrenset til Appalachene i sørvestre Virginia, Nord-Carolina og Sør-Carolina, østlige Tennessee, og det nordøstligste Georgia. Den overlapper nord i fjellkjeden med canadahemlokk (Tsuga canadensis).
Litteratur
Eksterne lenker
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Carolinahemlokk: Brief Summary
(
Norueguês
)
fornecido por wikipedia NO
Carolinahemlokk (vitenskapelig navn Tsuga caroliniana) er en art av bartrær innenfor hemlokkslekten i furufamilien. Den er en av fire arter som vokser i Nord-Amerika. I USA kalles den Carolina Hemlock
Trærne er middelsstore, gjerne 20-30 meter høye, sjelden inntil 35 meter. Den har kompakt konisk eller pyramideformet trekrone, som er inntil 8 meter bred. barken er tjukk og rød-brun. Greinene er store, og enten horisontalt utstående eller svakt nedoverbøyde. Diameteren på stammen kan nå 1,15 meter.
Nålene er inntil 2 cm lange, og peker til alle kanter. De har avrundet spiss, og lukter mandarin om de knuses. De er mørkegrønne øverst og har to hvite bånd av spalteåpninger på undersiden. Konglene er grønne og 2-4 cm lange, de åpner seg i løpet av et halvår og blir da lyst brune.
Et insekt som kalles Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) truer bestanden, som nå er avgrenset til Appalachene i sørvestre Virginia, Nord-Carolina og Sør-Carolina, østlige Tennessee, og det nordøstligste Georgia. Den overlapper nord i fjellkjeden med canadahemlokk (Tsuga canadensis).
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Tsuga caroliniana
(
Ucraniano
)
fornecido por wikipedia UK
Поширення, екологія
Країни проживання: Сполучені Штати Америки (Джорджия, Північна Кароліна, Південна Кароліна, Теннессі, Вірджинія). Росте на висоті від 600 м до 1500 м над рівнем моря (зазвичай 750 м — 1200 м), на скелястих, вологих північних чи східних схилах або скелястих грядах, також уздовж струмків в прохолодних ярах. Клімат вологий і прохолодний, відносно теплий на більш низьких висотах, річна кількість опадів перевищує 1000 мм і падає протягом усього року; є багато хмарної погоди у будь-який час року. Це рідкісне і розсіяне дерево, яке росте поодинці, змішується з широколистяними дерев і чагарниками, або в невеликих майже чистих гаях на лише кілька особин.
Морфологія
Дерева до 30 м заввишки, до 150 см діаметра на рівні грудей. Крона конічна, сплощена на старих деревах; гілки першого порядку довгі, стрункі, поширюються по горизонталі. Кора гладка, червоно-коричнева з жовтими бульбашками смоли, з віком стає грубою, лускатою і потрісканою, з фіолетово-сірою зовнішньою корою і червоно-коричневою внутрішньою корою. Вегетативні бруньки довгасті, 3-4 мм. Листки довжиною 10-20 мм, плоскі, але трохи донизу; нижня поверхня сизо, з 2 широкими, помітними смугами, верхня поверхня блискуча зелена. Насіннєві шишки від яйцеподібної до довгастої форми, розмір 2,5-4 × 1,5-2,5 см, вершини округлі, зелені, після дозрівання через 6-7 місяців після запилення від світло- до серединьо-коричневі. 2n = 24.
Використання
Деревина T. caroliniana має аналогічні властивості, що й Tsuga canadensis, але вид набагато рідший, так що його комерційна цінність обмежена. Як декоративне дерево він також менш широко використовується, бо з насіння вирощується досить повільно. Кілька сортів були вирощені, в основному компактні або карликові.
Загрози та охорона
Цей вид живе розрізненими, невеликими підгрупами на прохолодних, вологих або скельних ділянках, де більшість інших (покритонасінних) дерев і чагарників процвітають менш. Вид може бути в небезпеці, якщо зміна клімату змінить ці місця зростання до більш теплих і сухих умов у майбутньому. Цей вид зустрічається в кількох охоронних територіях.
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Tsuga caroliniana
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Tsuga caroliniana là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Thông. Loài này được Engelm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1881.[1]
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Tsuga caroliniana: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Tsuga caroliniana là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Thông. Loài này được Engelm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1881.
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