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Rosa bracteata ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Rosen (Rosa) innerhalb der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae).
Die Rosa bracteata wächst als immergrüner rankender Strauch und erreicht Wuchshöhen bis zu 6 Metern. Ihre mit hakenförmigen Stacheln stark bewehrten Zweige besitzen eine braune bis purpurfarbene Rinde. Die wechselständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind unpaarig gefiedert und bestehen aus fünf bis elf rundlichen und glänzenden Fiederblättchen.
Die Blütezeit liegt im Mai bis Juli. Die Blütenstiele, die Hochblätter und der Blütenkelch sind mit weichen, haarigen Borsten bedeckt. Die Blüten stehen über mehreren großen, graugrünen Hochblättern (Brakteen). Die relativ großen, zwittrigen Blüten sind bei einem Durchmesser von 6 bis zu 10 Zentimetern radiärsymmetrisch sowie fünfzählig mit doppelter Blütenhülle und strömen einen zitronigen Duft aus. Die fünf freien Kronblätter sind weiß.
Ab August trägt Rosa bracteata im Durchmesser von bis zu 2,5 Zentimeter rundlichen Hagebutten.
Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet von Rosa bracteata liegt im südöstlichen China, auf Taiwan und auf den japanischen Ryūkyū-Inseln.[1] In China gedeiht sie in Mischwäldern, Gebüschen, auf sandigen Hügeln, entlang von Fließgewässern, an Straßenrändern und an Küsten in Höhenlagen von 0 bis 300 Metern in den Provinzen Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan.[2]
Die Erstveröffentlichung von Rosa bracteata erfolgte 1798 durch Johann Christoph Wendland. Synonymen für Rosa bracteata J.C.Wendl. sind: Rosa macartnea Dumont de Courset, Rosa sinica var. braamiana Regel.[2][1]
Varietäten sind:[2]
Rosa bracteata wurde 1793 durch den britischen Botschafter Lord Macartney am chinesischen Kaiserhof nach Großbritannien eingeführt und wird deshalb auch Macartney-Rose genannt.
Diese Wildrose zählt zu den Kletterrosen ist frosthart bis −12 °C (USDA-Zone 8).
Anders als viele andere aus China im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert eingeführte Wildrosenarten hat Rosa bracteate für die Rosenzucht keine große Rolle gespielt. Lediglich die gelb blühende Kletterrose 'Mermaid' hat Rosa bracteate als einen Elternteil.
Rosa bracteata ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Rosen (Rosa) innerhalb der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae).
Rosa bracteata, commonly known as the Macartney rose, is a species of rose that is native to southern China and Taiwan, but is also present as an invasive in the US.
Rosa bracteata - bracteata referring to the notable bracts below the flowers - is commonly referred to as the Macartney rose.[2] Its name links back to a German botanist, Johann Christoph Wendland, who is credited with naming the species.[3] The name Macartney rose originates from the mid 18th century when it was named after George Macartney, the 1st Earl Macartney in England.[4] According to the Global Invasive Species Database, this rose is also referred to by other names - though less commonly - such as the Chickasaw rose and the Fragrant White Climbing Rose, both of English origin, and shuo bao qiang wei, which is of Chinese origin.[5]
The Macartney rose is native to southern China and Taiwan,[6] but is now considered to be an invasive species across many states in the United States ever since its introduction as an ornamental plant.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
Rosa bracteata is a highly adaptable plant and can grow in highly disturbed areas.[9][10] It can be found in areas ranging from pastures, rangeland, drainage ditches, and along roadsides and fence lines.[10] R. bracteata tends to prefer dark, waterlogged, and clay-based soil compositions.[14] This species was introduced into the United States from Asia, and is only found within the lower 48 states, mostly primarily in the southeast U.S.[8][11] Some of the states it can be found in include Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and Maryland.[11]
Its method of dispersal is through animals, where it is spread by livestock, birds, and other herbivorous organisms. The rose's fruit gets eaten by these animals, which acts as an germination technique after going through the digestive tract of the foraging animal.[15]
Rosa bracteata is considered to be a perennial evergreen shrub and is often found to have clumped distributions.[9][10][11] This species of rose can grow up to 10 feet (304.8 cm) in height and width.[10]
Rosa bracteata has recurved thorns which are modified leaves all along its stem.[9][10] Its leaves are serrated and placed in an alternate pattern and range between 1-3 inches in length; they are pinnately compound with 5 to 9 thick leaflets per leaf.[7][8][9][10][12] The tops of the leaves can be described as glossy and/or shiny as compared to the bottoms of the leaves which are a muted green.[10]
The flowers of this rose occur in either single or bunched compositions, usually donning 5-petaled white flowers of 1-3 in number on bunches of short stalks.[7][8][9][10] These flowers can typically be seen from April to June which are a part of the spring and summer months in the Northern Hemisphere.[8][9] Its hips are spherical in shape and are usually a reddish color when ripe.[7][8][9][10][12] These can be seen from July to December.[8][9] Its seeds are generally dormant when first created but germinate in temperatures around 41°F; its optimal temperatures for growth fall between 68-86°F.[16]
Rosa bracteata has been a major concern as an invasive species for those raising livestock. Infestations of Rosa bracteata tend to clump together and create thickets that can be up to three meters high which cause issues for movement of livestock and its quick proliferation saps nutrients from surrounding species, stunting their growth.[15] When mechanical means of disruption are used, such as mowing, the plant is able to regrow from a shallow root which means that it is very difficult to actually remove the species when it has entered a novel ecosystem.[14] Fire is similarly ineffective because of this regenerative ability which means extensive research has been done into the usage of herbicides to treat this particular species.[14]
According to a study done in 2013, the effectiveness of herbicide applications on Rosa bracteata tend to vary by the timing they are introduced to the organism, for example: all three herbicide treatments of 2,4-D/aminopyralid, aminopyralid/metsulfuron, and picloram/2,4-D all had very effective reduction when treated at the month of October and very poor reduction when applied during May.[14] In general, there is no singular herbicide or method of mechanical disruption that can effectively deal with Rosa bracteata; efficient pest control employs a multitude of these tools in tandem.[17]
Rosa bracteata was once used in Texas as a "living fence" for livestock grazing, although it was originally introduced from Asia as an ornamental plant.[9][10][13] It has also has a history of being used for erosion control and has been used for cross-breeding rose cultivars.[13]
It is thought that Rosa bracteata had been used alongside other rose species including R. brunonii, R. foetida, and R. eglanteria for its medicinal properties in ancient India by infusing it with water and oils, and by making teas. In Ayurvedic medicine, different rose species (including R. bracteata) were commonly used to cure spiritual ailments like a blockage in the chakras as well as for remedies for fever and acid reflux.[18] Roses were also worn in ceremonies, made into perfumes, and were an integral part of everyday life in India among both the elite classes and non-elite ones.[18]
This rose species is thought to originate from the Indian subcontinent in the Himalayas, an area rich with mythology, lore and spiritualism. Mentions of Rosa bracteata or sometimes referred to by other names such as "sivapriya", can be found in scriptures dating back to 1st century BC. Gautama the Buddha who is usually depicted meditating on a pedestal of lotuses, can be seen in a few depictions meditating on a pedestal of a five petalled rose resembling Rosa bracteata. Over time, the rose has been mentioned in Chinese history which was facilitated by trade between these regions.[18]
Rosa bracteata, commonly known as the Macartney rose, is a species of rose that is native to southern China and Taiwan, but is also present as an invasive in the US.
Rosa bracteata o rosa de Mccartney, es un arbusto de la familia de las rosáceas. Esta especie se clasifica dentro de la sección de las Bracteatae , del subgénero Eurosa. Es originaria de la zona sur de China, de Taiwán y Japón (islas Ryukyu).
Este rosal fue introducido en Inglaterra en 1793 por Lord Macartney. Se ha naturalizado en el sureste de los Estados Unidos.
Arbusto de una altura de 4 metros, con tallos arqueados que están armados con espinas curvadas dispuestas en pares.
Las hojas son persistentes y constan de 5 a 9 foliolos elípticos de 2 a 5 cm de longitud, con los bordes dentados.
Las flores son de color blanco, sedosas, simples, de 5 a 7 cm de diámetro, se presentan en solitario. Su centro, amarillo naranja, se compone de muchos estambres. Emiten un olor a limón. El cáliz está rodeado de grandes brácteas de hojas verdes, de ahí el adjetivo específico bracteata. Su floración es continua dando lugar a los frutos cinorrodones que tienen 3 cm de diámetro.[1]
Se extiende por el sur de China. Habita en setos, matorrales, pistas abiertas, al lado de corrientes de agua, bordes de carreteras; entre 0 a 300 msnm en las provincias de Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan.[2]
Fue introducida a los horticultores occidentales para su cultivo por Lord Macartney por lo que se conoce como « Macartney'rose ».[3]
A diferencia de muchas otras rosas de China que llegaron a Europa durante los siglos XVIII y XIX después de haber dado numerosos híbridos, esta especie no juega un papel importante en la creación de nuevos cultivares.
Rosa bracteata fue descrita en 1798 por Johann Christoph Wendland, 1798 y publicado en el "Botanische Beobachtungen" 50. 1798. (Bot. Beob.)[4]
Rosa: nombre genérico que proviene directamente y sin cambios del latín rosa que deriva a su vez del griego antiguo rhódon, , con el significado que conocemos: «la rosa» o «la flor del rosal»
bracteata: epíteto debido a que su cáliz está rodeado de grandes brácteas de hojas verdes.
Rosa bracteata o rosa de Mccartney, es un arbusto de la familia de las rosáceas. Esta especie se clasifica dentro de la sección de las Bracteatae , del subgénero Eurosa. Es originaria de la zona sur de China, de Taiwán y Japón (islas Ryukyu).
Este rosal fue introducido en Inglaterra en 1793 por Lord Macartney. Se ha naturalizado en el sureste de los Estados Unidos.
Le rosier de Macartney (Rosa bracteata) est une espèce de rosier originaire du sud de la Chine, de Taïwan et du Japon (îles Ryukyu).
Ce rosier a été introduit en Angleterre en 1793 par Lord Macartney. Il est naturalisé dans le sud-est des États-Unis.
C'est l'unique espèce constituant la section des Bracteatæ du sous-genre Eurosa.
Rosa bracteata est un arbuste qui peut atteindre 4 mètres de haut. Ses tiges qui drageonnent sont armées d'aiguillons recourbés disposés par paires.
Les feuilles persistantes sont composées de 5 à 9 folioles elliptiques de 2 à 5 cm de long, au bords crénelés.
Les fleurs blanches, soyeuses, simples, de 5 à 7 cm de diamètre, sont généralement solitaires. Leur centre, jaune orangé, est formé de très nombreuses étamines. Elles exhalent une odeur de citron. Le calice est entouré de grandes bractées foliacées vertes, d'où l'adjectif spécifique bracteata. La floraison est continue
Les cynorrhodons ont 3 cm de diamètre environ.
Contrairement à beaucoup d'autres rosiers originaires de Chine arrivés en Europe au cours des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, cette espèce, après avoir donné de nombreux hybrides, ne joue plus un grand rôle dans la création de nouveaux cultivars.
Le rosier de Macartney (Rosa bracteata) est une espèce de rosier originaire du sud de la Chine, de Taïwan et du Japon (îles Ryukyu).
Ce rosier a été introduit en Angleterre en 1793 par Lord Macartney. Il est naturalisé dans le sud-est des États-Unis.
C'est l'unique espèce constituant la section des Bracteatæ du sous-genre Eurosa.
Rosa bracteata là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa hồng. Loài này được J.C. Wendl. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1798.[1]
Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ Hoa hồng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Rosa bracteata là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa hồng. Loài này được J.C. Wendl. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1798.
硕苞蔷薇（学名：Rosa bracteata）为蔷薇科蔷薇属下的一个变种。
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