Bifora

Per a altres significats, vegeu «Bífora».

Bifora és un gènere de plantes de distribució cosmopolita dins la família apiàcia.^[1] Té 3 o 4 espècies. Als Països Catalans es presenten les espècies: Bifora testiculata i Bifora radians.^[2]

Espècies

• Bifora americana
• Bifora radians
• Bifora testiculata

Referències

Enllaços externs

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=48029
• http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=29597

Bifora is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, of disjunct distribution, with 3 species, two Eurasian and one American.

• Bifora radians has a range extending from Spain eastward through south central and Southern Europe to Iran.
• Bifora testiculata has a wider and more southerly distribution, extending west–east from Spain to Uzbekistan and taking in, to the south, North Africa, the Levant and Saudi Arabia.
• Bifora americana (Common name: prairie bishop's weed) has a southerly distribution within the United States, being confined to Texas and Arkansas, although it has also been introduced into Alabama.^[1][2]

Description

Annual herbs. Leaves doubly pinnatisect. Inflorescence bearing usually both bracts and bracteoles. Sepals absent. Petals white, slightly emarginate, tips inflexed. Fruits schizocarp, the mericarps subglobose with rugose (warty) exteriors and short stylopodium and united by a narrow zone of commissure; ribs insignificant when seen in transverse section; vittae not apparent. Endosperm of seed concave.^[3]

Taxonomy

The genus was described by Georg Franz Hoffmann and published in Genera Plantarum Umbelliferarum xxxiv, 191 in Moscow in the year 1816. The type species is Bifora dicocca Hoffm., the plant so described being now known correctly as Bifora testiculata.^[4]

It is also in Tribe Coriandreae.^[5]

Medicinal Use of B. testiculata in Jordan

In Jordan, the Mediterranean / South West Asian species B. testiculata is known by the Jordanian Arabic common name كزبرة (kazbira) which is also sometimes applied to the closely related Apiaceous herb coriander (cilantro). A tisane prepared from the seed-like mericarp fruits is used as a sedative and to treat stomach pains.^[6]

B. testiculata former grain alien in U.K.

A few specimens of Bifora testiculata were found growing in the north of the British county of Yorkshire in the years 1893 and 1895, this introduced plant species having been introduced inadvertently in imported grain. The plant had not (as of the year 2000), however, been recorded in the area since.^[7]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bifora (Apiaceae).

Bifora es género cosmopolita de plantas con tres especies incluidas en la familia Apiaceae. Comprende 4 especies descritas y de estas, solo 3 aceptadas.^[2]​

Descripción

Son hierbas anuales. Hojas 2 pinnatisectas. Inflorescencias generalmente con brácteas y bracteolas. Sépalos ausentes. Pétalos ligeramente emarginados, con ápice inflexo, blancos. Frutos dídimos, con mericarpos subglobosos, rugosos en toda su superficie, con pico corto, unidos por una zona comisural pequeña; costillas no apreciables incluso en sección transversal; vitas no aparentes. Endospermo cóncavo.^[3]​

Taxonomía

El género fue descrito por Georg Franz Hoffmann y publicado en Genera Plantarum Umbelliferarum xxxiv, 191. 1816.^[4]​ La especie tipo es: Bifora dicocca Hoffm.

Especies

A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Bifora aceptadas hasta julio de 2013, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos.

• Bifora americana
• Bifora radians
• Bifora testiculata

Referencias

Bifora est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Apiaceae (Ombellifères).

Liste d'espèces

• Bifora americana Benth. & Hook.f. ex S.Wats.
• Bifora radians M.Bieb. - Bifora rayonnant
• Bifora testiculata (L.) Roth

Smrdulja (lat. Bifora), maleni biljni rod trajnica iz porodice Apiaceae kojemu pripada svega tri vrste bradavičava (B. testiculata), zrakasta smrdulja (B. radians) i američka vrsta Bifora americana. Rod je raširen po nekim zemljama Europe, Azije i sjevernoj Africi, a u mnoge krajeve (Sjeverna Amerika i Australija) je uvezena.^{[1] [2]}

Hrvatski naziv došao je zbog njezinog veoma neprijatnog mirisa, pa je ne jede ni stoka. Zrakasta smrdulja česta je na agrarnim površinama, napose u monokulturi žita i drugim intenzivnim monokulturama.

Izvori

Szparzyca (Bifora Hoffm.) – rodzaj roślin należący do rodziny selerowatych. Gatunkiem typowym jest Bifora dicocca Hoffm^[2].

Systematyka

Synonimy taksonom.^[3]

Atrema DC.

Pozycja systematyczna według APweb (2001...)

Rodzaj należący do podrodziny Apioideae Seemann, rodziny selerowatych (Apiaceae Lindl.), rzędu selerowców (Apiales Lindl.), kladu astrowych w obrębie okrytonasiennych ^[1].

Pozycja w systemie Reveala (1993-1999)

Gromada okrytonasienne (Magnoliophyta Cronquist), podgromada Magnoliophytina Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, klasa Rosopsida Batsch, podklasa dereniowe (Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal), nadrząd Aralianae Takht., rząd araliowce (Araliales Reveal), rodzina selerowate (Apiaceae Lindl.), syn. Umbelliferae Juss.), rodzaj szparzyca (Bifora Hoffm.)^[4].

Gatunki flory Polski^[5]

• Szparzyca promienista (Bifora radians M. Bieb.) – efemerofit
• Bifora testiculata (L.) Roth – efemerofit

Przypisy

Bifora é um género botânico pertencente à família Apiaceae. Subdividi-se em três espécies:^[1][2]

Espécies

• Bifora americana
• Bifora radians
• Bifora testiculata

Referências

Bifora là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Apiaceae.^[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Phương tiện liên quan tới Bifora tại Wikimedia Commons
• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Bifora tại Wikispecies

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