Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don

Pulé Ireng kang duwé jeneng élmiyah Alstonia macrophylla utawa Alstonia pangkorensis ya iku wit-witan saka kulawarga Apocynaceae. Wit iki dhuwuré kurang luwih 10-30 mèter lan dhiamèter galihé 70 séntimèter. Galihé lurus lan wernané klawu tuwa rada ireng. Godhongé rosét tipis kaya kertas. Kembangé pasang-pasanganan werna putih. Wohé ijo tuwa nalika enom. Ananging malih dadi iréng menawa wis mateng.

Biologi lan Ékologi

Kayu Pulé ireng

Pulé ireng tuwuh nganggo wiji.^[2] Wiji kasebar dening angin, bisa uga ditandur kanthi cara stèk galih. Pulé ireng bisa urip ing alas sekundhèr ana ing 600 méter ing sadhuwuring samodra. Panyebaran wit iki saka China, Kamboja, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapura, Indonésia, nganti Filipina.

Piguna

Godhong Pulé ireng

Kayu Pulé ireng bisa kanggo nggawé piranti omah lan piranti gawé wangunan. Wiji Pulé ireng bisa kanggo nambani lara disentri lan cacingen.

Rujukan

1. ↑ ”Alstonia_macrophylla” at Asianplant.net at http://www.asianplant.net/Apocynaceae/Alstonia_macrophylla.htm
2. ↑ Partomihardjo, Tukirin dkk (2014). Jenis-Jenis Pohon Penting di Hutan Nusakambangan. Jakarta: LIPI Pers bersama Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. k. 28. ISBN 978-979-799-804-2.

Alstonia macrophylla, the hard alstonia, hard milkwood or big-leaved macrophyllum,^[3] is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae.

Distribution

It is native to Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi), Malaysia, the Philippines (Tagalog: batino^[4]), Thailand, and Vietnam. It was introduced to Sri Lanka, where it is known as hawari nuga by local Sinhalese people.

Description

Alstonia macrophylla is a tree with a straight trunk and a high, narrow crown. It can grow up to 30 meters tall. The trunk and branches contain a white latex. The bark is smooth and has a light grey color. Leaves are in whorls of three to four, simple, penni-veined, membranous, and glabrous above. Leaf-blades are 10 to 50 centimeters long, 5 to 15 cm wide, widest in or above the middle, and cuneate at the base. Flowers are about 7 mm in diameter, white, with narrow corolla tube, placed terminal on twigs. Fruits are about 30 centimeters long, green and filled with many small hairy seeds that are dispersed far and wide by the wind. The heartwood is yellowish, with a straight and shallowly interlocked grain with a moderately fine to rather coarse texture.^[5]

Natural habitat

Grows in a wide range of habits. Undisturbed and disturbed areas from sea-level up to 2900 meters altitude. Grows near the coast behind mangrove forests and in mixed dipterocarp forests. Usually grows on ridges and hillsides with sandy to clayey soils. It also grows in ultrabasic and limestone soils.^[5]

Uses

The timber is of superior quality to that of Alstonia scholaris and less liable to attack by boring insects. It is used for making roof beams, frames, poles and toys. Being a quick growing tree that grows in a wide range of habitats and soils, it has been used for reforestation in Sri Lanka.^[6]

Invasive species

In Sri Lanka, where it is called "havari nuga", it has been used for reforestation due to its fast growth rate and is now a widely spread invasive species in the wet zone. It mostly grows as a pioneer tree in disturbed forest areas.^[7]

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  Trunk in Hyderabad, India.

• 

  Tree with fruits in Hyderabad, India.

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  Tree in Hyderabad, India.

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  Leaves in Hyderabad, India.

• 

  Fruit in Hyderabad, India.

• 

  Trunk in Hyderabad, India.

• 

  Flowers in Hyderabad, India.

• 

  Flowers in Hyderabad, India.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alstonia macrophylla.

Alstonia macrophylla^[1]​ es un a especie de planta fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Apocynaceae.

Vista de la planta

Flores

Hojas

Distribución

Es originaria de Indonesia (Kalimantan y Sulawesi), Malasia, las Filipinas, Tailandia, y Vietnam.

Descripción

Alstonia macrophylla es un árbol con un tronco recto y alto y corona estrecha. Puede llegar a alcanzar hasta 30 metros de altura. El tronco y las ramas contienen un látex blanco. La corteza es lisa y de color gris claro. Las hojas están en verticilos de tres a cuatro, son simples, penni-veteadas, membranosas, y glabras por encima. Las láminas foliares son de 10 a 50 centímetros de largo, 5 a 15 cm de ancho, más ancho en o por encima de la mitad, y cuneadas en la base. Las flores son de unos 7 mm de diámetro, blancas, con el tubo de la corola estrecha, colocadas terminales en las ramitas. Las frutas son de unos 30 centímetros de largo, verdes y llenas de muchas pequeñas semillas peludas que se dispersan a lo largo y ancho por el viento. El duramen es de color amarillento, con un grano recto y superficialmente entrelazada con una textura moderadamente fina a gruesa.^[2]​

Hábitat

Crece en una amplia gama de hábitos. Áreas no alteradas y perturbadas desde el nivel del mar hasta los 2900 metros de altitud. Crece cerca de la costa detrás de los bosques de manglares y en bosques mixtos de dipterocarpáceas. Por lo general, crece en las crestas y laderas con arena para los suelos arcillosos. También crece en suelos calizos y ultrabásicos.^[2]​

Usos

La madera es de calidad superior a la de Alstonia scholaris y menos sensible al ataque de insectos perforadores. Se utiliza para la fabricación de vigas de techo, marcos, postes y juguetes. Al ser un árbol de crecimiento rápido que crece en una amplia gama de hábitats y de los suelos, se ha utilizado para la reforestación en Sri Lanka.^[3]​^[4]​

Taxonomía

Alstonia macrophylla fue descrita por Wall. ex G.Don y publicado en A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants 4: 87. 1837.^[5]​

• Alstonia acuminata Miq.
• Alstonia batino Blanco.
• Alstonia brassii Monach.
• Alstonia costata Wall. ex Miq.
• Alstonia glabriflora Markgr.
• Alstonia oblongifolia Merr.
• Alstonia pangkorensis King & Gamble
• Alstonia paucinervia Merr.
• Alstonia subsessilis Miq.^[6]​^[7]​

Referencias

Alstonia macrophylla est une espèce de plantes de la famille des arbres Apocynaceae.

Liste des variétés

Selon Tropicos (15 mars 2019)^[2] (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :

• variété Alstonia macrophylla var. acuminata (Miq.) Monach.
• variété Alstonia macrophylla var. glabra A. DC.
• variété Alstonia macrophylla var. mollis Merr.

Publication originale

• A Numerical List of Dried Specimens n. 1648.

Notes et références

Pokok Pulai Penipu Bukit ialah spesies tumbuhan dalam famili Apocynaceae. Ia hidup di Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Sri Lanka, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Nama saintifiknya Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. ^[1]

Jenis-jenis lain

Selain itu terdapat juga beberapa jenis Pulai berlainan seperti:-

• Pokok Pulai Alstonia angustiloba Miq. ^[2]
• Pokok Pulai Basong Alstonia pneumatophora Backer ex den. ^[3]
• Pokok Pulai Lilin Alstonia spatulata ^[4]
• Pokok Pulai Penipu Paya Alstonia angustifolia Wall. ex A ^[5]
• Pokok Pulai Penipu Bukit Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G^[6]

• Batang pokok di Hyderabad, India.

• Pokok dengan buah di Hyderabad, India.

• Pokok di Hyderabad, India.

• Daun di Hyderabad, India.

• Buah di Hyderabad, India.

• Batang di Hyderabad, India.

• Bunga di Hyderabad, India.

• Bunga di Hyderabad, India.

Rujukan

Lihat juga

• Sidiyasa, K. 1998. Alstonia macrophylla. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 20 Ogos 2007.

Rujukan

• Senarai pokok

Sữa lá to hay mớp lá to (danh pháp khoa học: Alstonia macrophylla) là một loài thực vật thuộc họ Apocynaceae. Loài này có ở Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thái Lan, và Việt Nam.

• Thân cây, Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

• Cây có quả, Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

• Cây tại Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

• Lá, Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

• Quả tại Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

• Thân cây, Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

• Hoa, Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

• Hoa, Hyderabad, Ấn Độ.

Tham khảo

• Sidiyasa, K. 1998. Alstonia macrophylla. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Truy cập 20 tháng 8 năm 2007.

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大叶糖胶树（学名：Alstonia macrophylla）是夹竹桃科鸡骨常山属的植物。分布于菲律宾、马来西亚、印度尼西亚以及中国大陆的广东等地，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

参考文献