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Stewartia malacodendron, the silky camellia,[2] silky stewartia or Virginia stewartia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Theaceae. It grows slowly into a large deciduous shrub or small tree, typically 3–4.5 m (10–15 ft) tall, but sometimes as tall as 9 m (30 ft). It is native to the southeastern United States.
The Latin specific epithet malacodendron literally means "soft tree".[3] Its common name "silky camellia" alludes to the appearance and texture of the flowers, which resemble those of the related camellias.
Stewartia malacodendron is an understory woodland species with rich brown bark. The young stems are hairy. The branches tend to grow with a horizontal orientation from the main stem with the foliage produced on shorter stems branching off these horizontally oriented branches.[4] The alternately arranged, dark green, simple leaves are 50 to 100 mm (2.0 to 3.9 in) long with finely toothed margins covered with fine hairs on the undersides, especially on the veins. The leaves are ovate to elliptical in shape with sharp pointed tips.
The buds are covered by two floral bracts with silvery hairs. The flowers are 60–90 mm (2.4–3.5 in) wide,[5] showy, with five white petals. The stamens have purple filaments and blue anthers that fill the middle of flat, cup shaped corollas. The flowers are born singly from the leaf axils on short stalks with two floral bracts (2–4 mm long) that remain after flowering. The flowers have five green sepals, 8–11 mm long and 5–9 mm wide. Stewartia malacodendron blooms in July and August in the northern part of its range and in April in the southern part of its range.[6]
Rounded, woody seed capsules are produced after flowering, each capsule with 4-5 chambers, and if fertilized, each chamber has 2-4 seeds.[7] The shiny, wingless seeds are full, ovoid in shape and purplish to reddish-brown in color; each seed is 5–7 mm long and 4–6 mm wide.
Stewartia malacodendron is native to Texas, where it is rare, being found in a small area along Little Cow Creek near Burkeville, growing at the sides of streams, ravines and wooded bluffs in well draining soils. It is also found in scattered locations in the states of Arkansas, Georgia, Florida (panhandle region), Louisiana and southern Alabama and as far north as Virginia.[8] This tree species is listed as endangered in the US states of Arkansas and Florida.[2]
Plants have a slow growth rate, are difficult to transplant and are a challenge to propagate. They grow best in partial shade in well draining soils.
Stewartia malacodendron has been cultivated in the United States since 1752. It is also grown in parks and gardens elsewhere in the temperate regions of the world, and in the UK has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9][10]
Stewartia malacodendron, the silky camellia, silky stewartia or Virginia stewartia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Theaceae. It grows slowly into a large deciduous shrub or small tree, typically 3–4.5 m (10–15 ft) tall, but sometimes as tall as 9 m (30 ft). It is native to the southeastern United States.
The Latin specific epithet malacodendron literally means "soft tree". Its common name "silky camellia" alludes to the appearance and texture of the flowers, which resemble those of the related camellias.
Stewartia malacodendron L., 1753
Ареал
Стюа́ртия мягкодреве́сная, также Стюа́ртия малакоде́ндрон[2] (лат. Stewartia malacodendron) — вид растений рода Стюартия (Stewartia) семейства Чайные (Theaceae).
Стюартия мягкодревесная — кустарник или небольшое дерево до 7 м в высоту. Молодые ветки красновато-коричневые, опушённые, кора взрослых веток гладкая, серебристо-серая.
Листья на черешках до 0,4 см длиной, сама листовая пластинка до 11 см длиной и до 5 см шириной, эллиптическая или яйцевидная, с неясно зазубренным краем. Верхняя поверхность листа голая, нижняя — прижатоопушённая.
Цветки в основном пазушные. Прицветники мелкие, прижатые к чашечке, яйцевидные. Чашечка разделена на 5 сросшихся в основании чашелистиков яйцевидной или округлой формы. Венчик из пяти почти свободных белых лепестков яйцевидной или округлой формы, с цельным или разорванным краем, ближе к основанию опушённые. Тычинки многочисленные, фиолетовые, в нижней части опушённые, сросшиеся в трубку. Завязь почти шаровидная, 4—5-угольная, опушённая.
Плоды — деревянистые прижатоопушённые красно-коричневые коробочки яйцевидной формы, угловатые, до 1,8 см шириной. Семена по 2 или 4 в каждом гнезде, красно- или фиолетово-коричневые, яйцевидные, 5—7 мм длиной.
Число хромосом — 2n = 30.
Стюартия в природе распространена в юго-восточной части Северной Америки, от Виргинии и Флориды до Миссисипи, Луизианы и Арканзаса. Известно два местонахождения в Северной Каролине на севере и одно в Техасе на западе.
Стюа́ртия мягкодреве́сная, также Стюа́ртия малакоде́ндрон (лат. Stewartia malacodendron) — вид растений рода Стюартия (Stewartia) семейства Чайные (Theaceae).
