dcsimg

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por EOL authors
A. californica occurs below 1200 m in elvation within the the Klamath and Coast Ranges from Siskiyou County south to Los Angeles County, and in the Cascade Range and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, it is found from from Shasta County south to Kern County. Less commonly it occurs in the Central Valley in Colusa, Yolo and Stanislaus Counties. California Buckeye is found in the following diverse vegetative associations: chaparral, montane chaparral, California mixed oak forest, California mixed evergreen forest, Ponderosa shrub forest, cypress forest, redwood forest, mixed conifer forest and silver fir/douglas fir forest. A. californica primarily occurs on sandy, sandy-loam, or gravelly-loam soils.
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Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: ground fire, woodland

See this Fire Study in FEIS for further information on responses of
California buckeye and other chaparral and woodland species to fire:
Damage and recovery in southern Sierra Nevada foothill oak woodland after
a severe ground fire
(blue oak-interior live oak/annual grass community)
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Common Names ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
California buckeye
buckeye
horsechestnut
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: cover

The cover value of California buckeye is poor from late spring through
late winter due to early leaf fall.
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fruit, shrub, tree

California buckeye is a large shrub or tree up to 23 feet (7 m) tall.
The 2-to 6-inch-long (5-15 cm) leaves are deciduous and palmately
compound [21]. Flowers are borne on a terminal panicle 4 to 8 inches
(10-20 cm) long. The pear-shaped, light brown fruit contains one to six
glossy brown seeds 0.8 to 1.2 inches (2-3 cm) in diameter [5,21].
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
California buckeye is endemic to California. It occurs in the
Klamath and Coast Ranges from Siskiyou County south to Los
Angeles County. In the Cascade Range and the foothills of the Sierra
Nevada, it occurs from Shasta County south to Kern County.
California buckeye is occasionally found in the Central Valley in Yolo,
Colusa, and Stanislaus Counties [5].
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire regime, litter, root crown, seed, top-kill

Plant adaptations: California buckeye sprouts from the root crown after
top-kill by fire [5,28]. Seeds would probably not survive fire because
they are highly susceptible to desiccation by heat [8]. Seed is often
transported by water and could be carried to a burn site in that manner [13].

Fire ecology: Early leaf fall results in accumulation of dry litter
around the plant early in the fire season.

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: herbaceous

Grazing considerations: California buckeye cannot be successfully
eliminated by occasional prescribed burning. Fire may control it if
the area is reburned every 7 to 8 years and immediately reseeded with
herbaceous vegetation [14]. Otherwise, California buckeye will recover
at the expense of other plants species, including desiable herbs [14,25].
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
California buckeye grows on dry slopes, in canyons, and along waterways
[5,21]. In the Central Valley it occurs along stream and river banks
[5,19]. It is associated with poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum)
in most communities in which it occurs [5,17].

Soil: California buckeye grows in sandy, sandy-loam, or gravelly-loam
soils [5].

Climate: California buckeye occurs in a Mediterranean climate with cool
moist winters and hot dry summers [5,15,18]. The mean annual rainfall
is less than 14 inches, and temperatures are in excess of 100 degrees
Fahrenheit (38 degrees C) for several successive days every summer [14].

Elevation: California buckeye occurs below 4,000 feet (1,219 m) [21].
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

229 Pacific Douglas-fir
231 Port-Orford-cedar
232 Redwood
234 Douglas-fir - tanoak - Pacific madrone
243 Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
244 Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
245 Pacific ponderosa pine
246 California black oak
247 Jeffrey pine
248 Knobcone pine
249 Canyon live oak
250 Blue oak - Digger pine
255 California coast live oak
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES27 Redwood
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: forest, shrub

K003 Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
K005 Mixed conifer forest
K006 Redwood forest
K009 Pine - cypress forest
K010 Ponderosa shrub forest
K029 California mixed evergreen forest
K030 California oakwoods
K033 Chaparral
K034 Montane chaparral
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Fire top-kills California buckeye [25].
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
California buckeye is toxic to all classes of livestock and wildlife.
The bark, leaves, stems, fruits, and seeds all contain glycosidal
compounds which cause haemolytic action on red blood cells and depress
the central nervous system when ingested. This species has been
implicated in inducing abortion in cattle [5,18].
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: climax, shrub, tree, woodland

California buckeye woodland is recognized as a distinct plant community
[13]. The species may also codominate oak (Quercus spp.) woodland.
Interior live oak (Q. wislizenii) and blue oak (Q. douglasii) are the
most common codominants of oak woodland [1,2,3,22,23]. In chaparral, it
is sometimes a dominant shrub or tree [2,4].

The following published classification schemes list California buckeye as a
climax species or a dominant part of the vegetation in community types
(cts) or plant associations (pas):

Area Classification Authority

CA: Coast Ranges mixed oak cts Allen & others 1991
w foothills
Sierra Nevada foothill woodland pas Thorne 1976
Klamath Mts. northern mixed Holland 1986
chaparral pas
Pinnacles
National
Monument Ca buckeye woodland cts Halverson & Clark
1986
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree, Shrub
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: root crown

Grazing: California buckeye often considered undesirable on rangeland
because of its toxicity.

Apian considerations: Honeybees are the chief pollinators of California
buckeye, but the pollen and nectar are toxic to them [5,9,14]. Losses
of adult honeybees and their larvae due to poisoning can be severe [9].
Human beings have been poisoned by eating honey made from California
buckeye [18].

Control treatments: California buckeye is susceptible to spray or
injection/cut surface treatments of phenoxy herbicides and picloram
[7,14,27]. Hand or mechanical brush control is ineffective unless the
root crown is removed [25,28].
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The dry matter composition of California buckeye seeds is 80 percent
carbohydrate, 5 percent protein, 1 percent fat, 2 percent ash, 3 percent
fiber, and 9 percent miscellaneous [12]. Protein content of the leaves
and stems varies from 31 percent in April to 5 percent in October [6].
Carbohydrate content of leaves and stems varies from 50 percent in April
to 1 percent in October [20]. Since California buckeye is a systemic
poison, how much of this nutrition is actually metabolized by
seed-eating or browsing livestock and wildlife in unknown. (see
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife).
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
CA
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
California buckeye is used as a landscaping ornamental [24].

The seeds of California buckeye served as a staple for California
Indians, who would mash the roasted seeds and then leach them to remove
the poison [5]. Native Americans also secured the seeds in streams and
other waterways in order to stupefy fish for easy capture [21].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Despite its toxicity, California buckeye flowers, leaves, and shoots are
palatable to livestock and wildlife. Hedrick [14] has listed it among
the 20 chaparral browse plants most preferred by cattle and black-tailed
deer. The palatability of the seeds for black-tailed deer, rodents, and
Steller's jay is fair to poor [5].
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

California buckeye flowers from April to September [24]. New leaves
emerge from March to June while soil moisture is abundant [20]. The
leaves dry up and are shed in late spring or early summer in Sierra
Nevada foothill populations but may be retained through fall in coastal
populations when soil moisture remains available [5]. Fruits ripen from
September to October and are dropped from November to December [24].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Information regarding California buckeye's response to fire is limited.
Sampson [25] has said that sprouting chaparral brush species, including
California buckeye, recover rapidly following a fire, sending out new
shoots during the first growing season. Growth in subsequent seasons is
also rapid, with the plant sometimes exceeding its prefire mass within a
few years. Sprouting can occur within a few weeks following fire, even
in the summer months. Growth is supported by drawing on food and water
reserves in the fully developed root system [20].
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: root crown, secondary colonizer, seed

survivor species; on-site surviving root crown
off-site colonizer; seed carried by water; postfire yr 1 & 2
secondary colonizer; off-site seed carried to site after year 2
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: root crown, seed, tree

Sexual: California buckeye reproduces by seed [5]. The average tree
produces approximately 100 seeds per year. Seed dispersal is poor and
is accomplished mainly by gravity or water; dispersal by animals is rare
[13]. Seeds are viable for only 1 year and are shed from November to
mid-February [24]. Germination occurs within several weeks of shedding
if the soil temperature is above 40 degrees Fahrenheit (4 degrees C).
If the temperature persists below 40 degrees for 2 months or more the
seeds are susceptible to fungal infections or desiccation [12].
Germination success rates of 75 percent have been reported under
laboratory conditions [19].

Asexual: California buckeye can sprout from the stump or root crown
[3,28].
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
7 Lower Basin and Range
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: climax, forest, shrub

California buckeye exhibits both tolerant and intolerant
characteristics. It occurs as widely scattered individuals in open
grasslands. It also occurs as an understory shrub in mixed evergreen
forest [3]. It is a climax indicator in chaparral and mixed oak
communities [1] and in California buckeye woodlands [8].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Synonyms ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Calothyrsus californica
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name of California buckeye is Aesculus
californica (Spach) Nutt. [18,21]. There are no recognized subspecies,
varieties, or forms.
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Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: seed

California buckeye is valuable as a soil binder on stream or river banks
and on steep slopes [11,17,26]. Seed can be obtained by harvesting
native plants. Seed propagation methods have been detailed [20,24].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Wood Products Value ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
California buckeye is occasionally used for lumber and paper pulp [25].
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Aesculus californica. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Aesculus californica ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

Aesculus californica, la falsa castañal de California,[1] ye una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia de les sapindacees.

 src=
Frutu.
 src=
Inflorescencia
 src=
Flores

Descripción

Ye un parrotal o pequeñu árbol qu'algama ente 4 y 12 metros d'altor. El so corteza ye gris y alcuéntrase cubierta de cutiu con liquen. Les fueyes son verde escuru en xunto de cinco (raramente siete), tienen de 6 a 17 cm. de llargu, son finalmente dentaes y cola superficie nidia. Les flores son arumaes de color blancu o rosa pálidu, alcuéntrase en panícules irguíes de 15-20 cm. de llargu y 5-7 cm. d'anchu. El frutu ye una cápsula de 5-8 cm. de llargu conteniendo una grana redonda y anaranxada que ye venenosa. Esta planta ta afecha al clima grebu y dexa cayer les sos fueyes pel branu pa caltener l'agua.

Distribución y hábitat

Ye natural de California. Pueden atopase en California a lo llargo de la so mariña y en montes hasta 1700 metros d'altitú en Sierra Nevada. Crez n'arbolees de carbayos y apodera en hábitats de chaparral. L'árbol actúa como fijador del suelu y evita la erosión en rexones montascoses.

Historia

Les tribus natives locales utilizaben les sos granes venenoses p'amoriar a los pexes en pequeñes corrientes d'agua y dar na so pesca más fácilmente. El néctar de les flores pueden envelenar a les abeyes y otros inseutos que nun tean inmunizaos.

Taxonomía

Aesculus californica describióse por (Spach.) Nutt. y espublizóse en A Flora of North America: containing . . . 1(2): 251, nel añu 1838.[2]

Etimoloxía

Aesculus: nome xenéricu llatín dáu por Linneo en 1753 y 1754, a partir del Llatín antiguu aesculus, -i, el carbayu, lo que ye sorprendente, anque nos numberosos autores de l'antigüedá que la usaron, Pliniu'l Vieyu precisa na so Historia naturalis (16, 11) que ye unu de los árboles que producen abiyotes ("Glandem, quae proprie intellegitur, ferunt robur, quercus, aesculus, ..." -L'abiyota puramente dicha felicidá vien del carbayu, del aesculus, ...) y, quiciabes d'ellí provién el tracamundiu, pos les castañes d'india tienen un llonxanu y superficial paecíu cola abiyotes pola so piel dura y la so carne firme y amarellentao.

californica: epítetu xeográficu qu'alude al so localización en California.

Sinonimia

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. Nome vulgar preferíu en castellán, en Árboles: guía de campu; Johnson, Owen y More, David; traductor: Pijoan Rotger, Manuel, ed. Omega, 2006. ISBN 978-84-282-1400-1. Versión n’español de la Collins Tree Guide.
  2. Aesculus californica en Trópicos
  3. Aesculus californica en PlantList

Bibliografía

  1. Abrams, L. 1951. Geraniums to Figworts. 3: 866 pp. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  2. Bailey, L. H. & Y. Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
  3. Hickman, J. C. 1993. Jepson Man.: Higher Pl. Calif. i–xvii, 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  4. Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  5. Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Enllaces esternos

Cymbidium Clarisse Austin 'Best Pink' Flowers 2000px.JPG Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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wikipedia AST

Aesculus californica: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

Aesculus californica, la falsa castañal de California, ye una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia de les sapindacees.

 src= Frutu.  src= Inflorescencia  src= Flores
licença
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original
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wikipedia AST

Aesculus californica ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA
 src=
Fulles
 src=
Inflorescència
 src=
Fruit

Aesculus californica, conegut popularment com a castanyer de Califòrnia, és una espècie fanerògama de la família de les sapindàcies.

Descripció

És un arbust o petit arbre que arriba a fer de 4 a 12 m d'alçada. La seva escorça és gris coberta sovint amb líquens. Les fulles són de color verd fosc en conjunts de cinc fulles (rarament set), fan de 6 a 17 cm de longitud, són finalment dentades i amb la superfície suau. Les flors són perfumades de color blanc o rosa pàl·lid, es troben formant panícules dretes de 15-20 cm de llarg i 5-7 cm d'ample. El fruit és una càpsula d'uns 5-8 cm de longitud que conté una llavor arrodonida i ataronjada, que és verinosa. Aquesta planta es troba adaptada al clima àrid i deixa caure les fulles a l'estiu per tal de conservar l'aigua.

Distribució i hàbitat

És natural de Califòrnia, on es poden trobar al llarg de la costa i en muntanyes fins als 1.700 m d'altitud, a Sierra Nevada (Estats Units). Creix en arboredes de roures i és dominant en hàbitats de garriga. L'arbre actua com a fixador del sòl i evita l'erosió en regions muntanyoses.

Història

Les tribus nadiues locals utilitzaven les llavors verinoses per a atordir els peixos en petits corrents d'aigua i procedir a la pesca més fàcilment. El nèctar de les flors pot enverinar les abelles i altres insectes que no hi estiguin immunitzats.

Taxonomia

Aesculus californica va ser descrita per (Spach.) Nutt. i publicada a A Flora of North America: containing 1(2): 251, l'any 1838.[1]

Etimologia

  • Aesculus: nom genèric llatí atorgat per Linné al 1753 i 1754, a partir del llatí antic aesculus, -i; el roure, cosa sorprenent, tot i que dels nombrosos autors de l'antiguitat que el van usar, Plini el Vell precisa en la seva Historia naturalis (16, 11) que és un dels arbres que produeixen aglans ("Glandem, quae proprie intellegitur, ferunt robur, quercus, aesculus..." -L'aglà, pròpiament dit, prové del roure, de l'aesculus, ...): en prové d'aquí potser la confusió.
  • californica: epítet geogràfic que fa referència a la seva localització a Califòrnia.

Sinonímia

  • Calothyrsus californica Spach[2]

Referències

  1. Aesculus californica a Trópicos
  2. «Aesculus californica» a EOL. Data consulta: 03 de març de 2014.

Bibliografia

  • Abrams, L. 1951. Geraniums to Figworts. 3: 866 pp. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  • Bailey, L. H. & E. Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
  • Hickman, J. C. 1993. Jepson Man.: Higher Pl. Calif. i–xvii, 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Aesculus californica Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata  src= Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.
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Aesculus californica: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA
 src= Fulles  src= Inflorescència  src= Fruit

Aesculus californica, conegut popularment com a castanyer de Califòrnia, és una espècie fanerògama de la família de les sapindàcies.

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Kalifornische Rosskastanie ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Kalifornische Rosskastanie (Aesculus californica) ist ein nur in Kalifornien heimischer Vertreter der Rosskastanien (Aesculus).

Merkmale

Die Kalifornische Rosskastanie wächst als Baum oder als breiter Strauch, der häufig dichte Gebüsche bildet. Sie erreicht Wuchshöhen von 12 m und einen (Kronen-)Durchmesser von drei, selten auch bis zu 15 m. Die Borke ist hellgrau bis fast weiß und glatt. Die Zweige sind jung rötlich-braun und kahl. Die Knospen sind spitz und harzig.

Die Laubblätter sind handförmig gefiedert und bestehen aus fünf, selten vier bis sieben, Fiederblättchen. Der Blattstiel ist 1 bis 12 cm lang. Die Blättchen sind 7 bis 17 cm lang, 2 bis 6 cm breit, eiförmig-lanzettlich, elliptisch-länglich oder länglich-lanzettlich. Das Blattende ist zugespitzt, der Blattgrund leicht herzförmig, abgerundet, stumpf bis zugespitzt. Der Blattrand ist scharf gesägt. Die Blattunterseite ist kahl, leicht blaugrün, an den Nerven sitzen kurze weiße Haare. Die Oberseite ist kahl und dunkelgrün. Die Blättchenstiele sind 0,5 bis 3 cm lang und zerstreut weiß behaart.

Der Blütenstand ist schmal säulenförmig, 8 bis 20 cm lang und dicht behaart. Der Blütenstiel ist behaart und 3 bis 10 mm lang. Der Kelch ist 5 bis 8 mm lang, glockig bis röhrig, lavendel-grau bis rosafarben oder purpurn. Die fünf Kelchblätter bilden – in unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung – ein oder zwei Lippen. Die vier oder fünf Kronblätter sind fast weiß bis hellrosa. Die oberen und die seitlichen Kronblätter sind 12 bis 18 mm lang, fast gleich und leicht abspreizend. Die Nägel sind kürzer als der Kelch und behaart. Die Platten sind verkehrt-eiförmig, stumpf, Oberfläche und Rand sind behaart und drüsenlos. Das fünfte Kronblatt ist klein oder fehlt. Die fünf bis sieben Staubblätter sind ungleich, 18 bis 30 mm lang, in männlichen Blüten länger. Die Staubfäden sind gebogen, purpurn bis weiß und kahl, die Staubbeutel sind leuchtend orangefarben, kahl, an der Spitze und der Basis der Loculi drüsig. Fruchtbare Stempel sind mit Griffel länger als die Staubblätter.

Die Kapselfrucht ist verkehrt eiförmig und hat einen Durchmesser von 5 bis 8 cm. Das Perikarp ist dünn und hellbraun. Sie enthält meist einen Samen, der blass orange-braun ist und einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 5 cm hat.

Verbreitung und Standorte

 src=
Gefiedertes Blatt.

Die Kalifornische Rosskastanie ist ein Endemit Kaliforniens und geographisch von den anderen Arten der Gattung isoliert. Sie wächst entlang der Küstenkette und an den Westhängen der Sierra Nevada. Selten ist sie im Central Valley zu finden. Sie steigt von Meeresniveau bis in 1500 m Seehöhe. Sie wächst häufig entlang von Bächen und in Schluchten, auf lehmigen oder trockenen Schotter-Böden.

Ökologie und Nutzung

Der Blattaustrieb erfolgt im Februar, der Blattfall im Spätsommer. Die Blüte erfolgt von Mai bis Juli.

Alle Pflanzenteile sind giftig. Amerikanische Ureinwohner verwendeten gemahlene Samen als Fischgift. Nektar und Pollen sind für Honigbienen giftig.[1]

Systematik

Die Kalifornische Rosskastanie wurde zunächst 1834 von Édouard Spach als Calothyrsus californica beschrieben, jedoch 1838 von Thomas Nuttall in die Gattung Aesculus gestellt. Aesculus californica ist der einzige amerikanische Vertreter der Sektion Calothyrsus, deren übrige Vertreter in Asien heimisch sind.

Belege

  • James W. Hardin: A Revision of the American Hippocastanaceae II. Brittonia, Band 9, 1957, S. 173–195.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Jepson Flora Project: Aesculus californica, abgerufen am 27. September 2008.

Weblinks

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Kalifornische Rosskastanie: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Kalifornische Rosskastanie (Aesculus californica) ist ein nur in Kalifornien heimischer Vertreter der Rosskastanien (Aesculus).

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Aesculus californica ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Aesculus californica, commonly known as the California buckeye or California horse-chestnut, is a species of buckeye native to California and southwestern Oregon.

Description

Aesculus californica is a large deciduous shrub or small tree, up to 4–12 m (13–39 ft) tall, with gray bark often coated with lichens and mosses. It typically is multi-trunked, with a crown as broad as it is high. Trees are long lived, with an estimated lifespan between 250–280 (300 maximum) years. The leaves are dark green, palmately compound with five (rarely seven) leaflets. Each leaflet is 6–17 cm (2.4–6.7 in) long, with a finely toothed margin and (particularly in spring) downy surfaces. The leaves are tender and prone to damage from both spring freezing or snow and summer heat and desiccation.

The flowers are sweet-scented, white to pale pink, borne on erect panicles 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long and 5–8 cm (2–3 in) broad. The fruit is a fig-shaped capsule 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, containing a large, round, orange-brown seed, measuring 2–7 cm (0.8–2.8 in). The seeds are poisonous[1] and are the largest known of any temperate (non-tropical) plant species.

A. californica has adapted to its native Mediterranean climate by growing during the wet late winter and spring months and entering dormancy in the dry summer months, though those growing in coastal regions tend to hold on to their leaves until mid-autumn.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Flower spike of the California Buckeye

The only Aesculus variety native to the West,[3] A. californica is widely distributed in California, growing along the central coast and in the lower elevations of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range. Its range extends to the foothills of the Siskiyou Mountains in the Rogue Valley in Oregon. A small disjunct population is found in the Chino Hills near Chino, California.

It is found growing in a wide range of conditions from crowded, moist, semi-shaded canyon bottoms to dry south-facing slopes and hilltops. In the coastal ranges north of Big Sur it is found growing alone on slopes, or intermingled with valley oak (Quercus lobata), Oregon oak (Q. garryana), coast live oak (Q. agrifolia) and California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica). In the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, A. californica can be found standing alone in grassland at the lowest elevations, intermingled in blue oak woodlands at intermediate elevations, and in mixed evergreen forests of black oak (Q. kelloggii), gray pine (Pinus sabiniana), ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) and interior live oak (Q. wislizeni) as it nears the limit of its range.

Toxicity and uses

Seed of the California Buckeye in its husk

Native American tribes, including the Pomo, Yokuts, and Luiseño, used the poisonous nuts and seeds to stupefy schools of fish in small streams to make them easier to catch.[4] The bark, leaves, and fruits contain the neurotoxic glycoside aesculin, which causes hemolysis of red blood cells. Buckeye also makes a good fireboard for a bow drill or hand drill.

Native groups occasionally used the plant as a food supply; after boiling and leaching the toxin out of the seeds or nut meats for several days, they could be ground into a flour or meal similar to that made from acorns.[3] The nectar and pollen of the flowers is toxic to honeybees,[3] so the trees should not be planted near apiaries.[5] When the shoots are small and leaves are new, they are lower in toxins and are grazed by livestock and wildlife.[6] The flowers are a rich nectar source for many species of butterflies,[7] and squirrels and chipmunks consume the seeds.[3]

It is used as an ornamental plant for its striking leaf buds, lime green foliage, fragrant white flowers, red-brown foliage in mid to late summer, and architectural silver branches through fall. The tree also acts as a soil binder, which prevents erosion in hilly regions.

Etymology

'Aesculus' is Linnaeus' name for horse chestnuts. It is derived from the old Roman name for a different species, Quercus petraea.[8]

'Californica' means 'native to California'.[8]

References

  1. ^ Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 397. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
  2. ^ Elna S. Bakker (1984). An island called California: an ecological introduction to its natural communities. University of California Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-520-04948-2. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  3. ^ a b c d Little, Elbert L. (1994) [1980]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region (Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 540. ISBN 0394507614.
  4. ^ Philip Alexander Munz; David D. Keck (1973). A California Flora. University of California Press. p. 994. ISBN 978-0-520-02405-2. Retrieved 2011-06-20. buckeye.
  5. ^ Kat Anderson; Wayne Roderick. California Buckeye, in the USDA NRCS Plant Guide (PDF) (Report). USDA. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
  6. ^ Howard, Janet L. Aesculus californica, in the USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information System (Report). USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
  7. ^ Kevin Hintsa. Watching Butterflies on Mount Diablo (Report). Archived from the original on 2011-11-10. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
  8. ^ a b Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 38, 84
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Aesculus californica: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Aesculus californica, commonly known as the California buckeye or California horse-chestnut, is a species of buckeye native to California and southwestern Oregon.

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Aesculus californica ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Aesculus californica, el falso castaño de California,[1]​ es una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia de las sapindáceas.

 src=
Fruto.
 src=
Inflorescencia
 src=
Flores

Descripción

Es un arbusto o pequeño árbol que alcanza entre 4 y 12 metros de altura. Su corteza es gris y se encuentra cubierta a menudo con líquenes. Las hojas son verde oscuro en conjunto de cinco (raramente siete), tienen de 6 a 17 cm. de largo, son finalmente dentadas y con la superficie suave. Las flores son perfumadas de color blanco o rosa pálido, se encuentran en panículas erguidas de 15-20 cm. de largo y 5-7 cm. de ancho. El fruto es una cápsula de 5-8 cm. de largo conteniendo una semilla redonda y anaranjada que es venenosa. Esta planta está adaptada al clima árido y deja caer sus hojas en verano para conservar el agua.

Distribución y hábitat

Es natural de California. Se pueden encontrar en California a lo largo de su costa y en montañas hasta 1700 metros de altitud en Sierra Nevada. Crece en arboledas de robles y domina en hábitats de chaparral. El árbol actúa como fijador del suelo y evita la erosión en regiones montañosas.

Historia

Las tribus nativas locales utilizaban sus semillas venenosas para aturdir a los peces en pequeñas corrientes de agua y proceder a su pesca más fácilmente. El néctar de las flores pueden envenenar a las abejas y otros insectos que no estén inmunizados.

Taxonomía

Aesculus californica fue descrita por (Spach.) Nutt. y publicado en A Flora of North America: containing . . . 1(2): 251, en el año 1838.[2]

Etimología

Aesculus: nombre genérico latino dado por Linneo en 1753 y 1754, a partir del Latín antiguo aesculus, -i, el roble, lo que es sorprendente, aunque en los numerosos autores de la antigüedad que lo usaron, Plinio el Viejo precisa en su Historia naturalis (16, 11) que es uno de los árboles que producen bellotas ("Glandem, quae proprie intellegitur, ferunt robur, quercus, aesculus, ..." -La bellota propiamente dicha viene del roble, del aesculus, ...) y, quizás de allí proviene la confusión, pues las castañas de india tienen un lejano y superficial parecido con la bellotas por su piel dura y su carne firme y amarillenta.

californica: epíteto geográfico que alude a su localización en California.

Sinonimia

Referencias

  1. Nombre vulgar preferido en castellano, en Árboles: guía de campo; Johnson, Owen y More, David; traductor: Pijoan Rotger, Manuel, ed. Omega, 2006. ISBN 978-84-282-1400-1. Versión en español de la Collins Tree Guide.
  2. Aesculus californica en Trópicos
  3. Aesculus californica en PlantList

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Aesculus californica: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Aesculus californica, el falso castaño de California,​ es una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia de las sapindáceas.

 src= Fruto.  src= Inflorescencia  src= Flores
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Pavier de Californie ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Aesculus californica

Le pavier de Californie, ou marronnier de Californie, est une espèce de la famille des Sapindacées, endémique de la Californie.

Description

Le pavier de Californie est un petit arbre, ou un grand arbuste, de 4 à 12 mètres de haut, à l'écorce grise souvent recouverte de lichens.

Les feuilles de couleur vert foncé sont composées-palmées et comptent cinq (plus rarement sept) folioles de 10 à 20 cm de long, aux bords finement dentés et aux faces duveteuses (en particulier au printemps).

Les fleurs, blanches à rose pâle, sont regroupées en panicules dressés de 15 à 20 cm de long sur 5 à 8 cm de large. Elles exalent une odeur douceâtre.

Le fruit est une capsule ovoïde de 5 à 8 cm de long, contenant une seule graine grande (2 à 5 cm de diamètre), ronde, orange ; les graines sont toxiques.

Distribution

Cette espèce est originaire de Californie. On peut la trouver dans la région de la Côte centrale et sur les parties les plus basses de la Sierra Nevada, jusqu'à 1700 mètres d'altitude.

Elle pousse dans les bois de chênes, devenant l'espèce dominante dans certaines formations végétales du type chaparral. Ces arbres font office de stabilisateurs des sols, limitant l'érosion dans les régions accidentées.

Utilisation et propriétés

Le pavier de Californie est parfois cultivé comme plante ornementale.

Les tribus locales amérindiennes, dont les Pomo, Yokuts et Luiseño, utilisent les graines toxiques de cette plante pour endormir des bancs de poissons dans de petits cours d'eau et faciliter ainsi leur capture.

L'écorce, les feuilles et les fruits contiennent des hétérosides neurotoxiques qui provoquent l'hémolyse des globules rouges. Les groupes amérindiens utilisaient à l'occasion les graines comme source de nourriture, après en avoir fait bouillir la pulpe et en avoir filtré les toxines pendant plusieurs jours. Même le nectar des fleurs est toxique et peut tuer les abeilles et d'autres insectes non adaptés à cette plante. Les jeunes pousses et les feuilles encore nouvelles ont un faible taux de toxines et peuvent être pâturés par le bétail et la faune sauvage.

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Pavier de Californie: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Aesculus californica

Le pavier de Californie, ou marronnier de Californie, est une espèce de la famille des Sapindacées, endémique de la Californie.

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Гіркокаштан каліфорнійський ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Назва

Гіркокаштан каліфорнійський вперше був описаний в 1834 році ботаніком Едуардом Спашем під назвою Calothyrsus californica. В 1838 році Томас Наттолл відніс його до роду Aesculus. Українська назва вказує на зону поширення цього виду і його важливу ознаку — гіркуватий смак плодів, що відрізняє цю рослину від їстівного справжнього каштана.

Опис

Кущ або невелике дерево заввишки 4-12 м, часто зростає у багатостовбурній формі. Крона розлога, завширшки 3-15 м. Кора гладка, блідо-сіра, майже біла, на молодих пагонах — червонувато-коричнева. Бруньки загострені і смолисті. Листки темно-зелені, гладкі, пальчасті, зазвичай складені з 5 листочків (рідше — з 7). Кожен листочок еліптично-довгастої, яйцеподібно-ланцетної або довгасто-ланцетної форми, біля основи серцеподібний, з дрібнозубчастим краєм, завдовжки 7-17 см і завширшки 2-6 см. Черешки завдовжки 1-12 см, опушені.

Суцвіття — волоть 8-20 см завдовжки та 5-8 см завширшки. Квітконіжки волохаті, завдовжки 3-10 мм. Квітки білі або блідо-рожеві, запашні. Чашечка квітки 5-8 мм завдовжки, дзвоникувата або трубчаста, лавандового, рожевого або фіолетового кольору. Чашолистків п'ять. Оцвітина складається з 4-5 пелюсток, їх довжина коливається від 12 до 18 мм. Тичинки нерівні (18-30 мм), зігнуті, голі, білого або фіолетового кольору. Пиляки голі, яскраво-помаранчеві, на кінчику залозисті. Плід — обернено-яйцеподібна коробочка завширшки 5-8 см. Оболонка плоду тонка, світло-бура. Всередині він містить кілька блідо-помаранчевих насінин завширшки 4-5 см.

Кора, листя і насіння отруйні. Вони містять нейротоксичний глікозид ескулін, який спричинює гемоліз еритроцитів у хребетних, а також є смертельною отрутою для бджіл. Квітне у травні-липні.

Екологія та поширення

Надає перевагу суглинистим або сухим гравійним ґрунтам. В залежності від місця зростання може бути вічнозеленим або листопадним. Вічнозелені особини зростають у місцинах з достатньою вологістю, листопадні форми утворилися як пристосування до нестачі вологи у посушливий сезон. Такі рослини вкриваються листям наприкінці зими або ранньою весною, а скидають його в середині осені. Квіти запилюються метеликами.

Ареал цього виду відокремлений від центру розповсюдження більшості гіркокаштанів секції Calothyrsus — Азії. Рослина зростає у центральній Каліфорнії, південно-західному Орегоні та в нижньому поясі гір Сьєрра-Невада, де підіймається до висоти 1500 м. Зрідка трапляється у Центральній долині. Біотопи, в яких поширений каліфорнійський гіркокаштан, доволі різноманітні: цю рослину можна зустріти в напівзатінку на дні вологих каньйонів, на сухих південних схилах, в угрупованнях з каліфорнійським чорним та лопатевим дубом, каліфорнійською умбелюларією, жовтою сосною та сосною Сабіна.

Застосування

В США гіркокаштан каліфорнійський високо цінують як декоративну та лісомеліоративну породу. Серед інших дерев він вирізняється яскравим листям, великими суцвіттями, запашними квітками. Окрім парків цей вид висаджують на еродованих ділянках для закріплення схилів. Втім його не можна вирощувати біля пасік, щоб запобігти загибелі бджіл.

Молоді гілочки та листя гіркокаштану каліфорнійського не насичені токсинами, тому вони придатні на корм худобі, також ними живляться дикі тварини.

Індіанські племена помо та йокут використовували плоди цього виду для риболовлі: вони кидали їх у невеликі струмки, що викликало запаморочення риби. В роки, коли був неврожай жолудів, насіння гіркокаштану деяким чином виступало замінником цього традиційного продукту. Щоб звільнити плоди від отрути, їх протягом кількох діб варили або вимочували у воді.

Джерела

  1. James W. Hardin: A Revision of the American Hippocastanaceae II. Brittonia, Band 9, 1957, S. 173–195.(англ.)
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Aesculus californica ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Aesculus californica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được (Spach) Nutt. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Aesculus californica. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề họ Bồ hòn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia VI

Aesculus californica: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Aesculus californica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được (Spach) Nutt. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI