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Hakea gibbosa, ook bekend as harige hakea en as rotshakea, ‘n lid van die Proteaceae-familie, is met Wet 42 van 1937 in Suid-Afrika tot onkruid verklaar.
Hierdie plant is waarskynlik rond 1830 vir ‘n heiningplant uit Nieu-Suid-Wallis waar dit inheems voorkom, ingevoer. Teen 1910 is dit as vinnig-groeiend brandhout by Caledon aangeplant. Die plant aard besonder goed in die winterreënvalgebied in die Wes-Kaap. Dit kom daarom wydverspreid in die Kaapse Skiereiland (veral by Houtbaai), by Caledon en Hermanus en in die Franschhoekberge voor. Orals verdring dit daar die Kaapse fynbos.
Harige hakea kom voor as vertakte struike of klein boompies tot 3 m hoog. Dit het dik houtagtige wortels. Die stamme is dik, houtagtig met ‘n donkergrys bas en die takke is dig, bruinerig tot grys. Die blare is eenvoudig, grysgroen, naaldvormig, tot 80 mm lank, 1,5 mm in deursnee, stekelpuntig, met fyn haartjies en word later onbehaard. Geel blommetjies lewer die houtagtige skurwe vrugte wat gewoonlik in die okselknoppe gedra word. Die vrugte is 30 mm lank en 25 mm in deursnee en grys van kleur. Dit bevat twee sade, elkeen 10 mm lank en 8 mm breed met aan die bokant ‘n vleuel van 15 mm by 12 mm. Hulle word vrygestel na ‘n brand of as die moederplant sterf.
Rotshakea kom dikwels saam met syerige hakea (Hakea sericea) voor en is geneig om baie digte bosse te vorm wat die natuurlike plantegroei heeltemal verdring. Die probleem word vererger deur die feit dat hierdie plante reeds vrugte (dus sade) vorm as dit nog klein is, die struike boonop oud word en dit selfs in donker skaduwee goed groei. Daarom onderduk dit die groei van die Kaapse fynbos. Die plante gebruik so baie water dat dit die volume afloopwater van die berge na die damme aansienlik verminder.
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Hakea gibbosa, ook bekend as harige hakea en as rotshakea, ‘n lid van die Proteaceae-familie, is met Wet 42 van 1937 in Suid-Afrika tot onkruid verklaar.
Hakea gibbosa, commonly known as hairy hakea[2] or needlebush hakea,[3] is a shrub of the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has very prickly foliage, cream-yellowish flowers from April to July, and provides shelter for small birds. It has become an environmental weed in South Africa and New Zealand, where it had been introduced for use as a hedge plant.
Hakea gibbosa is a very prickly shrub to 0.9–3 m (2 ft 11 in – 9 ft 10 in) high. It may be bushy or slender, and does not form a lignotuber. The new growth and leaves are thickly covered with fine brown hairs, becoming smooth as they age. The leaves are needle-shaped, mostly grooved on the underside, 2.5–8.5 cm (0.98–3.35 in) long, 0.9–1.5 cm (0.35–0.59 in) wide, spreading in different directions, and tipped with a very sharp point 1–2.3 mm (0.039–0.091 in) long. The inflorescence consists of two to six individual cream-coloured flowers on a stem 0.7–1.6 mm (0.028–0.063 in) long in the leaf axils. The pedicels are 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long and covered with long, soft hairs. Flowering occurs from April to July. The perianth is 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) long, white-yellow and usually smooth. The large grey, globular shaped fruits are woody, 2.5–4.5 cm (0.98–1.77 in) long and 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) wide, with a deeply wrinkled or warty surface, a small beak and fragile horns about 0.3 mm (0.012 in) long. The fruits contain two seeds. and are retained on the shrub.[2][3][4]
The species was first described by James Edward Smith who named the species Banksia gibbosa in 1790.[5] In 1800 the Spanish taxonomic botanist Antonio José Cavanilles gave it its current name.[6] The British botanist Richard Anthony Salisbury had given it the name Banksia pinifolia in 1796, upon which Joseph Knight based his name and reallocated it to Hakea as the pine-leaved hakea (H. pinifolia) in his controversial 1809 work On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae.[7]
Needlebush hakea is restricted to the Sydney basin in central New South Wales, It is found on sandstone ridges and cliffs in heathland, with red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera), tea tree (Leptospermum trinervium), dagger hakea (Hakea teretifolia), heath banksia (Banksia ericifolia), and conesticks (Petrophile pulchella).
Plants found in Queensland which were classified as this species have been renamed as a new species Hakea actites.[2]
Hakea gibbosa is a Category 1 Plant on the Declared Weeds & Invaders list for South Africa.[8] It has become naturalised in northern parts of North Island in New Zealand.[9]
Small birds use the prickly foliage as shelter. The seeds are eaten by the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo.[10]
Hakea gibbosa adapts readily to cultivation and is easy to grow with good drainage and a sunny aspect, though its prickly foliage may be a deterrent.[2]
The gum was investigated for use in sustained-release tablets in 1999.[11]
Hakea gibbosa, commonly known as hairy hakea or needlebush hakea, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has very prickly foliage, cream-yellowish flowers from April to July, and provides shelter for small birds. It has become an environmental weed in South Africa and New Zealand, where it had been introduced for use as a hedge plant.
Hakea gibbosa là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Quắn hoa. Loài này được Cav. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1799.[1]
Bài viết tông thực vật Embothrieae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Hakea gibbosa là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Quắn hoa. Loài này được Cav. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1799.
