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Litsea garciae ( Alemão )

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Litsea garciae oder Engkala, ist ein Baum in der Familie der Lorbeergewächse aus Taiwan und den Philippinen sowie wohl bis nach Indonesien und Malaysia.

Beschreibung

Litsea garciae wächst als immergrüner Baum bis über 25 Meter hoch. Der Stammdurchmesser erreicht 40–50 Zentimeter oder mehr.

Die einfachen und kurz gestielten, großen Laubblätter sind wechselständig bis fast wirtelig angeordnet. Der kurze Blattstiel ist bis zu 2,5 Zentimeter lang. Die ganzrandigen, unterseits fahlgrünen, oberseits dunkelgrünen und ledrigen Blätter sind 25–55 Zentimeter lang. Sie sind eiförmig, -lanzettlich bis verkehrt-eiförmig, -eilanzettlich und spitz bis zugespitzt. Die jüngeren Blätter sind unterseits dicht, seidig und silbrig behaart. Die Nebenblätter fehlen.

Litsea garciae ist zweihäusig diözisch. Es werden achselständige, kleine und traubige Blütenstände mit einzelnen Blüten oder dichten, doldigen, kleineren Blütengruppen mit mehreren, jeweils bootförmigen, meist beständigen Deckblättern gebildet. Die kurz gestielten und funktionell eingeschlechtlichen Blüten sind weiß-grünlich. Die einfache Blütenhülle ist mehrteilig, mit schmalen (meist 6) Tepalen und früh abfallend. Die männlichen Blüten besitzen einige (etwa 9–15) Staubblätter, die inneren mit Drüsen an der Basis, und manchmal einen Pistillode oder selten auch Staminodien. Die weiblichen Blüten besitzen meist (etwa 9–15) Staminodien und einen halboberständigen Stempel im verkehrt-kegelfömigen Blütenbecher, mit dickem, relativ kurzem Griffel und gelappter Narbe.

Es werden grün, rosa bis rötliche oder purpurne, unreif weiße, champignonförmige, etwas abgeflacht rundliche und einsamige, glatte Früchte gebildet. Sie sind bis etwa 3–4 Zentimeter groß, etwa halbkugelig und sitzen in einem grünen, fleischigen und becherförmigen, vergrößerten Blüten-, „Fruchtbecher“ und Blütenstiel. Der glatte, braune und bespitzte Samen ist recht groß.

Verwendung

Die etwas faden, avocadoartigen Früchte, mit weichem, cremigem und weißlich-grünlichem Fruchtfleisch sind essbar. Sie werden roh oder gekocht verwendet. Die unreifen, grünen Früchte werden in Essig und Salzlake eingelegt.

Aus den Samen kann ein Öl erhalten werden, welches zur Herstellung von Seifen oder Kerzen genutzt wird.

Das Holz ist nicht sehr beständig und relativ weich, es ist bekannt als Medang.

Literatur

  • K. Kubitzki, J. G. Rohwer, V. Bittrich: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. II: Flowering Plants Dicotyledons, Springer, 1993, ISBN 3-540-55509-9, S. 388.
  • T. K. Lim: Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants. Volume 3: Fruits, Springer, 2012, ISBN 978-94-007-2534-8, S. 75 ff.
  • F. S. P. Ng: Taxonomic Notes on Bornean Litsea, Lindera, Neolitsea and Iteadaphne (Lauraceae). In: Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 57, Part 2, 2005, S. 217–246, online auf biodiversitylibrary.org.

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Litsea garciae: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
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Litsea garciae oder Engkala, ist ein Baum in der Familie der Lorbeergewächse aus Taiwan und den Philippinen sowie wohl bis nach Indonesien und Malaysia.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Litsea garciae ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Litsea garciae, also known as engkala, engkalak, kalangkala, kangkala, medang, pangalaban, ta'ang, malai, wuru lilin, kelimah, bua talal, kelime, kelimie, bua' vengolobon, wi lahal, kelima, mali, beva' mali, kayu mali, malei, pengalaban, pengolaban, kupa, pipi, bagnolo, bangulo,[2] lan yu mu jiang zi, lan yu mu, buah tebuluh, tebulus, pong labon, and Borneo avocado, is a flowering tree in the family Lauraceae.[3]

Distribution

Litsea garciae is native to Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia, specifically to Peninsular Malaysia and the islands of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi.[4] It is generally believed to have originated in the Philippines, although some botanists believe it originated in Borneo.[5] It grows wild in evergreen, broad-leaved forests and in disturbed, open sites up to 200 meters (656 feet) in elevation. It is often found along rivers and on hillsides with sandy to clay soils, and prefers partly shady positions.[6]

Description

Fruits of Litsea Garciae

Litsea garciae is a sub-canopy, medium to large evergreen tree which grows 10–26 meters (32–85 feet) in height. The trunk can reach 60 centimeters (23 inches) in diameter.[6] The dark green leaves are simple and alternately arranged and are lanceolate-ovate or lanceolate-obovate in shape. They are glabrous and measure 25-40 centimeters (10-16 inches) in length and 6-15 centimeters (2-6 inches) in width. They droop slightly from the branches. The flowers are small and yellow-white in color. The flower head measures 15 millimeters in diameter. The fruit is oblate to globose in shape and measures 2.2-3 centimeters (0.8-1 inches) in height and 2.5-4.5 centimeters (1-2 inches) in diameter. It is edible and has a milky, avocado-like flavor. When unripe, the skin is a pale whitish-green, and when ripe is pink to red in color. The inner flesh is soft and white in color, sometimes with a greenish tint. The stem cap is large and green in color. It contains 1 large, brown seed which measures 1.5-2 centimeters (0.6-0.8 inches) in diameter.[7] The tree does not tolerate frost or temperatures below 55 F (12 C).[8] The plant bears fruit at five years of age.[9]

Uses

The fruit is eaten raw or cooked, and the tree is sometimes cultivated for its fruit. When eaten raw, it is rolled in the hands or hit with a spoon to cause slight bruising in order to release the flavor.[8] A popular way of eating the fruit is to submerge it in hot water for five minutes, then sprinkle it with salt. It is sometimes served steamed with rice. Unripe fruits are pickled.[9] An oil is extracted from the seed, which is used to make candles and soap. The wood is used in construction.[6] Litsea garciae has many medicinal uses. The Iban use the lightly burned bark to treat caterpillar stings, and use a bark poultice to treat boils. The Selako use a poultice of the leaves or shoots along with shallot and fennel seeds to cure infections and skin diseases. It is also used to treat skin burns. The Penan use a bark poultice for sprained knees, ankles, and muscular pains. Decoctions made from the bark are also used to help ailments such as blood in stools, and are mixed with durian bark to make an antidote for snakebite wounds.[3]

Chemistry

Litsea garciae fruits contain a high amount of phytochemicals, which has potential as a natural antioxidant that can contribute to human health. Phenolic and flavonoid content was highest in the stem cap, with the values of 8.29±0.70 milligrams gallic acid and 6.90±0.61 milligrams rutin, respectively. Anthocyanin content was highest in the flesh of the fruit, with the value of 4.12±0.10 milligrams cyanidin-3-glucoside. The same trend of antioxidant and phytochemical content was also found in the distilled water extract.[10] The fruit is also rich in stearic acid and contains antibacterial properties.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rogier de Kok (formerly Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (25 September 2019). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Litsea garciae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  2. ^ "Downloads Page". An ASEAN Heritage Park. 2014-11-20. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
  3. ^ a b "Engkala facts | Health Benefits". Health Benefits Times. 12 September 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  4. ^ "Litsea garciae S.Vidal". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  5. ^ "ENGKALA_Litsea garciae | Fruitipedia". fruitipedia.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "Litsea garciae - Useful Tropical Plants". Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Engkala Facts, Health Benefits and Nutritional Value". Health Benefits Times. 12 September 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Litsea garciae". Tropical Plant Book. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Engkalak". Specialty Produce. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  10. ^ Hassan, Siti Hawa Ali; Fry, Jeffrey R.; Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Abu (1 October 2013). "Antioxidant and phytochemical study on pengolaban (Litsea garciae), an edible underutilized fruit endemic to Borneo". Food Science and Biotechnology. 22 (5): 1–7. doi:10.1007/s10068-013-0202-x. ISSN 2092-6456. S2CID 85432083.
  11. ^ Kutoi, Clifford Junaidi; Khong, Heng Yen; Seruji, Nurr Maria Ulfa (March 2013). "Nutritional Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Litsea Garciae". The Open Conference Proceedings Journal. 4 (1): 115. doi:10.2174/2210289201304010115. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
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Litsea garciae: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Litsea garciae, also known as engkala, engkalak, kalangkala, kangkala, medang, pangalaban, ta'ang, malai, wuru lilin, kelimah, bua talal, kelime, kelimie, bua' vengolobon, wi lahal, kelima, mali, beva' mali, kayu mali, malei, pengalaban, pengolaban, kupa, pipi, bagnolo, bangulo, lan yu mu jiang zi, lan yu mu, buah tebuluh, tebulus, pong labon, and Borneo avocado, is a flowering tree in the family Lauraceae.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Litsea garciae ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Litsea garciae là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Nguyệt quế. Loài này được Vidal miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1886.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Litsea garciae. Truy cập ngày 14 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ Nguyệt quế (Lauraceae) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Litsea garciae: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Litsea garciae là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Nguyệt quế. Loài này được Vidal miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1886.

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wikipedia VI

蘭嶼木薑子 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Litsea garciae
Vidal, 1886

蘭嶼木薑子学名Litsea garciae)为樟科木薑子屬下的一个种。

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蘭嶼木薑子: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

蘭嶼木薑子(学名:Litsea garciae)为樟科木薑子屬下的一个种。

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