dcsimg

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

Fundnotiz: Alaotra-See (Madagaskar).

licença
not applicable
citação bibliográfica
Forel,A., 1907, Ameisen von Madagaskar, den Comoren und Ostafrika., Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse 2. Systematische Arbeiten, pp. 75-92
autor
Forel,A.
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Plazi (legacy text)

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

Medium-sized or large ants closely resembling Anochetus .

In the worker, however, the antennal foveae are confluent, being united by a depression of the front behind the frontal carinae, and there is a welt or swelling which extends out obliquely from the eye and separates the antennal fossa from a depression, equally oblique and very pronounced on the side of the head. Both the apical and subapical teeth of the mandibles acute, the preapical truncated or acute, according to the species; the inner border of the mandibles usually minutely and serrately toothed. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, labial palpi 3-jointed. Eyes always well developed. Petiole surmounted by a conical node usually terminating in a spine which is inclined backward.

Female winged, with large eyes and ocelli, but in other respects like the worker.

Male with the head of the ordinary shape and with very large eyes and ocelli; mandibles very small; maxillary palpi 6-jointed. Antennae as in Anochetus . Petiole ordinarily with a pointed or conical node, but without terminal spine. Postpetiole separated from the succeeding segment by a rather pronounced constriction. Pygidium terminating in a spine. Claws simple.

Odontomachus is a tropicopolitan genus with apparently two centers of distribution, one in the Neotropical, the other in the Indonesian and Australian Regions (Map 17). One species, O. haematoda , represented by numerous subspecies and varieties, is found in all the wanner regions of the globe, even in the Southern United States, though not in the Mediterranean Region. The species all nest in small colonies in the ground or in rotten wood and the workers of some of the species are very aggressive and sting severely. They are able to leap backward a distance of several inches by suddenly closing their divaricated mandibles against any hard body that happens to be in the environment. The genus is poorly represented in Africa.

licença
not applicable
citação bibliográfica
Wheeler, W. M., 1922, The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, pp. 39-269, vol. 45
autor
Wheeler, W. M.
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Plazi (legacy text)

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

(Figs. 1, 8a-e)

Males winged. Antennal scrobe absent. Mandible reduced. Basal cavity of mandible extending to its front face and visible in full-face view. Notauli never impressed on mesoscutum. Mesepimeron bearing distinct (epimeral) lobe posterodorsally, lobe covering mesothoracic spiracle and seeming to form isolated plate. Dorsolateral corner of petiole in anterior view not projecting. Dorsal margin of petiole in anterior view more or less conical, with a narrowly rounded or pointed apex. Apical margin of abdominal tergum VIII projecting into sharp spine. Jugal lobe of hind wing present. Each middle and hind tibia with two spurs. Claws simple, never multidentate to pectinate.

Remarks. Two species are known in the Malagasy region. The males of both species are yellow to yellowish-brown. In the single species from the Seychelles ( O. simillimus ) the males are blackish. Males belonging to this genus are often similar to those in Anochetus and Pachycondyla . Characteristics separating this genus from Anochetus are noted in the Anochetus section. Characters separating it from Pachycondyla are: 1) petiolar apex more or less conical; 2) hind wing having a jugal lobe; 3) absence of notauli on the mesoscutum; and 4) a yellowish (rarely blackish) body color.

licença
not applicable
citação bibliográfica
Yoshimura, M., 2007, A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to subfamilies and treatment of the genera of Ponerinae., Zootaxa, pp. 21-40, vol. 1654
autor
Yoshimura, M.
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Plazi (legacy text)

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

Alto Paraguay, Caaguazú , Central, Cordillera, Itapúa (ALWC, IFML, INBP, MZSP).

licença
not applicable
citação bibliográfica
Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa, pp. 1-55, vol. 1622
autor
Wild, A. L.
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Plazi (legacy text)

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

[[ worker ]] [[ queen ]] Die Fuehlergruben vereinigen sich auf der Stirne. Das 2. Geisselglied ist laenger als das erste. Die Scheitel furche ist vorhanden. Der schiefe Eindruck beiderseits hinter den Augen deutlich. Das Stielchen traegt oben einen Kegel, welcher in einen Dorn endet.

Ich enthalte mich der Beschreibung von nur neu scheinenden Formen, indem ich, obschon im Besitze mancher Typen, doch nicht im Stande bin, mir eine klare Uebersicht ueber die beschriebenen Arten zu verschaffen; es scheint mir, dass hier die Speciesfabrikation zu sehr Platz gegriffen hat und eine bedeutende Reduction noethig sein wird.

licença
not applicable
citação bibliográfica
Mayr, G., 1862, Myrmecologische Studien., Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, pp. 649-776, vol. 12
autor
Mayr, G.
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Plazi (legacy text)

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

differs from the last in the one abdominal pedicle ending superiorly in a spine; antennae very slender and filiform in the neuters; head oblong, much notched posteriorly jaws long, narrow, parallel, three toothed.

licença
not applicable
citação bibliográfica
Jerdon, T. C., 1851, A catalogue of the species of ants found in southern India., Madras Journal of Literature and Science, pp. 103-127, vol. 17
autor
Jerdon, T. C.
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Plazi (legacy text)

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

Formica , pt., Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 965 (1766).

Odontomachus , Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. 128 (1804).

licença
not applicable
citação bibliográfica
Smith, F., Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., pp. -
autor
Smith, F.
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Plazi (legacy text)

Odontomachus ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Odontomachus és un gènere de formigues carnívores que es troben als tròpics i subtròpics de tot el món.

Descripció

Comunament conegudes com "formigues de la mandíbula parany", les espècies del gènere Odontomachus tenen un parell de grans mandíbules rectes, que es poden obrir fins a 180 graus. Aquestes mandíbules es tanquen per un mecanisme intern, i poden tancar-se de cop sobre la presa o objecte mentre els pèls sensorials a l'interior de les mandíbules es toquen. Les mandíbules són potents i ràpides, i donen a la formiga el seu nom comú. Les mandíbules o bé maten o bé mutilen la presa, de manera que la formiga pugui portar-la de tornada al niu. Les formigues Odontomachus simplement poden bloquejar l'adversari i mossegar de nou si amb una mossegada no n'hi ha prou, o fer servir les mandíbules per tallar els aliments més grans en parts. Les mandíbules també permeten moviments lents i els són molt útils per a altres tasques com la construcció del niu i la cura de les larves.

Mimetisme

Les aranyes saltadores del gènere Enoplomischus semblen imitar aquest gènere de formigues.

Distribució

Les espècies d'Odontomachus es troben a Centreamèrica, a Sud-amèrica, a l'Àsia tropical, Austràlia i l'Àfrica.

Espècies

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Odontomachus Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Odontomachus és un gènere de formigues carnívores que es troben als tròpics i subtròpics de tot el món.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Schnappkieferameisen ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Schnappkieferameisen (Odontomachus) sind eine Gattung der Ameisen (Formicidae) aus der Unterfamilie der Urameisen (Ponerinae).

 src=
O. haematodus, Larve

Merkmale

Die Ameisen zeichnen sich durch stark ausgeprägte Mandibeln aus. Die Mandibeln sind gerade, kaum gekrümmt und haben an der Spitze nur zwei oder drei Zähne. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Urameisen fehlt die typische Einschnürung zwischen erstem und zweitem Gaster-Segment. Das Petiolarstigma ist zu einer nach oben gerichteten Spitze ausgebildet. Die Stirnrinne ist stark ausgeprägt und oft sehr tief.[1]

Bau der Mandibeln

 src=
Schematische Darstellung des Kopfes von O. hastatus(Wheeler 1900)

Die Tiere verfügen über einen schnellen Schnappmechanismus. Dieser beruht darauf, dass die notwendige Energie zuvor in einem starken, sich im Kopf befindenden Schließmuskel wie in einem Bogen elastisch gespeichert wird. Der Kiefer ist in dieser offenen Stellung blockiert. Die Mandibeln haben erst die Möglichkeit zusammen zu schnappen, wenn der Kiefer durch einen weiteren Muskel ausgerastet werden. Der Oberkiefer von O. bauri entwickelt beim Auslösen des Mechanismus eine Kraft, die dem 300-fachen der Körpergewichtskraft der Ameise entspricht. Die Bewegung der zuschnappenden Kiefer ist mit 64 Metern pro Sekunde die schnellste gemessene im Tierreich. Das Insekt benötigt nur 0,13 Millisekunden für das Zuschnappen der Mundwerkzeuge.[2]

Funktion des Zuschnappens

Die Schnappkieferameisen nutzen ihre Mandibeln sowohl zum Beute machen als auch zur Verteidigung und zur Flucht. Der schnelle Vorgang des Zuschnappens wird hierbei als Sprungmechanismus verwendet. Um sich gegen Eindringlinge wie andere Ameisen zu schützen führen die Ameisen einen bis zu 40 cm, durchschnittlich 22 cm weiten Weitsprung aus. Vor diesem wird der Gegner zunächst mit den Mandibeln attackiert. Anschließend katapultiert sich das Insekt vom Eindringling weg, wobei dieser auch nach hinten geschleudert wird. Während des Sprunges kann es passieren, dass die Ameise mehrere Salti macht.[2]

Ähnliche Gattungen

 src=
Schnappkieferameisen: Strumigenys, Daceton, Odontomachus, Anochetus, Myrmoteras

Odontomachus sind den nahe verwandten Anochetus sehr ähnlich. Diese sind allerdings kleiner und haben die für Urameisen typische Gastereinschnürung. Außerdem ist bei Anochetus das Stielchenglied oben abgerundet und hat manchmal zwei Dornen, ist aber nie zu einer einzelnen Spitze ausgebildet.[1] Bei den Schnappkiefermechanismen der Gattungen Anochetus, Odontomachus (beide Unterfamilie Ponerinae), Myrmoteras (Unterfamilie Formicinae), Strumigenys und Daceton (beide Unterfamilie Myrmicinae) handelt es sich um das Ergebnis konvergenter Evolution.[3]

Verbreitung

Diese Ameisen sind weltweit in tropischen und subtropischen Gebieten verbreitet. Es sind 74 rezente (plus drei fossile) verschiedene Arten bekannt.[4]

Lebensweise

Die Arbeiterinnen jagen einzelgängerisch sowohl tagaktiv, als auch in der Nacht. Überwiegend erbeuten sie kleine Gliederfüßer auf der Erdoberfläche, oder auf Bäumen, wobei sie als Waffe ihre Mandibeln einsetzen. Die unterirdischen Nester werden bevorzugt im offenen Feld, aber auch im Schutz von Steinen und Felsen angelegt. Manchmal wird auch liegendes Totholz besiedelt.[1]

Systematik

Unter anderen gehören folgende Arten zur Gattung Odontomachus (Auswahl):

 src=
O. paleomyagra

Synonyme

Folgende Namen sind Synonyme für die Gattung Odontomachus:[6]

  • Champsomyrmex Emery, 1891
  • Myrtoteras Matsumura, 1912
  • Pedetes Bernstein, 1861

Quellen

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Genus Odontomachus. Australian Ants Online, archiviert vom Original am 6. Dezember 2008; abgerufen am 20. Juli 2013.
  2. a b Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, abgerufen am 5. Juni 2008.
  3. Martin Vieweg: Skurriler Schnappmechanismus entschlüsselt. Auf: wissenschaft.de vom 31. August 2017, abgerufen am 9. September 2019.
  4. Odontomachus Latreille, 1804. AntCat, an Online Catalog of the Ants of the World, by Barry Bolton abgerufen am 4. September 2020.
  5. An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World: O. paleomyagra
  6. Hölldobler and Wilson: The Ants. Springer (1990) ISBN 3-540-52092-9

Weblinks

 src=
– Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
  • AntWeb Bilder verschiedener Odontomachus Arten
 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Schnappkieferameisen: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Schnappkieferameisen (Odontomachus) sind eine Gattung der Ameisen (Formicidae) aus der Unterfamilie der Urameisen (Ponerinae).

 src= O. haematodus, Larve
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Odontomachus ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Odontomachus is a genus of ants commonly called trap-jaw ants found in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world.

Overview

Head of O. hastatus

Commonly known as trap-jaw ants, species in Odontomachus have a pair of large, straight mandibles capable of opening 180°. These jaws are locked in place by an internal mechanism, and can snap shut on prey or objects when sensory hairs on the inside of the mandibles are touched. The mandibles are powerful and fast, giving the ant its common name. The mandibles either kill or maim the prey, allowing the ant to bring it back to the nest. Odontomachus ants can simply lock and snap their jaws again if one bite is not enough, or to cut off bits of larger food. The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks such as nest building and care of larvae. The ants were also observed to use their jaws as a catapult to eject intruders or fling themselves backwards to escape a threat.[2][3]

The larvae of trap-jaw ants are remarkable[4] in being ornamented with long spikes and presenting dorsal adhesive pads for fixation onto internal ant nest walls.[5] They are carnivorous, extremely active larvae. Apparently, they undergo three larval moults before entering metamorphosis.[5] Their larvae use substrate to spin cocoons.[6]

Diet

Trap-jaw ants are mostly carnivorous, but also consume nectar, insect honeydew, and ripe fruit.[7]

Speed record

Trap-jaw ants of this genus have the second-fastest moving predatory appendages within the animal kingdom,[2] after the dracula ant (Mystrium camillae).[8] One study of Odontomachus bauri recorded peak speeds between 126 and 230 km/h (78 and 143 mph), with the jaws closing within just 130 microseconds on average. The peak force exerted was in the order of 300 times the body weight of the ant, and acceleration of 1,000,000 m/s² or 100,000 g.

Mimicry

The jumping spider genus Enoplomischus seems to mimic this ant genus.[9]

Distribution

Odontomachus species are found in Central and South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa.[10]

In the United States, O. haematodus was "recorded in Alabama back in 1956, but now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast, at least as far east as Pensacola, Florida."[11] In the past, O. ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region, but Magdalena Sorger, a PhD candidate at North Carolina State University, has confirmed a record of O. ruginodis more than 100 miles north of Orlando, in Gainesville, Florida.[12] Odontomachus relictus, however, is only found in "endangered scrub habitat on central Florida’s ancient sand ridges."[13]

Species

O. haematodus larva

The 73 valid species are:[14]

References

  1. ^ Bolton, B. (2014). "Odontomachus". AntCat. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
  2. ^ a b Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV (22 August 2006). "Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (34): 12787–12792. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312787P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103. PMC 1568925. PMID 16924120.
  3. ^ Ant Jaws Break Speed Record — Videos of Odontomachus jumping using its jaws
  4. ^ Pappas, Stephanie; May 11, Live Science Contributor |; ET, 2017 07:41am (11 May 2017). "Weird Ants Have Hairy Blobs for Babies". Live Science. Retrieved 2019-06-28. {{cite web}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
  5. ^ a b Fox, E.G.P.; Smith, A.A.; Gibson, J.C.; Solis, D.R. (2017). "Larvae of trap-jaw ants, Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): morphology and biological notes". The Austrian Society of Entomofaunistics. 25. doi:10.25849/myrmecol.news_025:017.
  6. ^ "How Trap-Jaw Ants Develop From Larvae Stages [Watch]". Science Times. 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
  7. ^ Camargo, Rafael X.; Oliveira, Paulo S. (April 2012). "Natural History of the Neotropical Arboreal Ant, Odontomachus hastatus : Nest Sites, Foraging Schedule, and Diet". Journal of Insect Science. 12 (48): 48. doi:10.1673/031.012.4801. ISSN 1536-2442. PMC 3476954. PMID 22957686.
  8. ^ "Dracula ants possess fastest known animal appendage: The snap-jaw". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
  9. ^ Wesołowska, W. (2005). "A new species of Enoplomischus from Kenya (Araneae: Salticidae: Leptorchestinae)" (PDF). Genus. 16 (2): 307–311. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-15.
  10. ^ Schmidt, C. A.; Shattuck, S. O. (2014). "The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior". Zootaxa. 3817 (1): 1–242. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. PMID 24943802.
  11. ^ "Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States". Entomology Today. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014. One species called Odontomachus haematodus was unofficially recorded in Alabama back in 1956. But now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast, at least as far east as Pensacola, Florida.
  12. ^ "Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States". Entomology Today. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014. As recently as a few years ago, another species called Odontomachus ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region, and points south. But now Sorger has confirmed a record of ruginodis more than a hundred miles north of Orlando, in Gainesville, Florida.
  13. ^ "Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States". Entomology Today. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014. Not all of the trap-jaw species are on the move, however. Sorger also studies Odontomachus relictus, a species that is found only in endangered scrub habitat on central Florida's ancient sand ridges.
  14. ^ An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World by Barry Bolton
  15. ^ An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World: O. paleomyagra

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Odontomachus is a genus of ants commonly called trap-jaw ants found in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Odontomachus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Odontomachus es un género de hormigas carnívoras que se encuentran en los trópicos y subtrópicos del mundo.

Descripción

Comúnmente conocidas como las "hormigas de mandíbulas trampa", las especies en Odontomachus tienen un par de grandes mandíbulas rectas que pueden abrirse hasta 180°. Pueden cerrarse de golpe sobre una presa u otro objeto cuando estos tocan los pelos sensoriales en el interior de las mandíbulas. Las mandíbulas son potentes y rápidas, dando a la hormiga su nombre común. Las mandíbulas bien matan o mutilan a la presa, permitiendo que la hormiga pueda llevarla de vuelta al nido. Odontomachus simplemente puede bloquear y encajar sus mandíbulas de nuevo si una mordedura no es suficiente, o para cortar partes de los alimentos más grandes. Las mandíbulas también permiten movimientos lentos y sirven muy bien para otras tareas como la construcción del nido y el cuidado de las larvas.

Récord de velocidad

Las hormigas con mandíbulas-trampa de este género tienen el movimiento de órganos depredadores más veloz del reino animal.[1]​ Un estudio de Odontomachus bauri registró velocidades pico de entre 126-230 kilómetros por hora, con el cierre de las mandíbulas en sólo 130 microsegundos en promedio. El pico de fuerza ejercido fue del orden de 300 veces el peso corporal de la hormiga. Las hormigas también usan sus mandíbulas como una catapulta para expulsar a intrusos o para arrojarse hacia atrás cuando tratan de escapar rápidamente de una amenaza.[1][2]

Mimetismo

Las arañas saltadoras del género Enoplomischus parecen imitar este género de hormigas.

Distribución

Las especies de Odontomachus se encuentran en Centroamérica hasta Sudamérica, Asia tropical, Australia y África.

Especies

Esta lista está tomada de (Bolton 1995).

Galería

Referencias

Notas

  1. a b Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV (21 de marzo de 2016). «Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants» (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (34): 12787-12792. PMID 16924120. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103. Archivado desde el original el 6 de septiembre de 2008. Consultado el 7 de junio de 2008.
  2. Ant Jaws Break Speed Record — Videos of Odontomachus jumping using its jaws

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Odontomachus es un género de hormigas carnívoras que se encuentran en los trópicos y subtrópicos del mundo.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Odontomachus ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Odontomaque

Odontomachus, en français Odontomaque, est un genre de fourmis de la sous-famille des Ponerinae et de la tribu des Ponerini, comprenant une centaine d'espèces réparties dans les régions chaudes du monde entier.

Systématique

Le nom scientifique de ce taxon est Odontomachus, choisi en 1804 par l'entomologiste français Pierre-André Latreille, dans son Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle. Ce genre se nomme « Odontomaque » en français[1].

Liste des espèces

Selon GBIF (29 juin 2021)[2] :

Publication originale

  • Pierre A. Latreille, « Tableau méthodique des Insectes », Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Déterville, vol. 24,‎ 1804, p. 179 (lire en ligne, consulté le 29 juin 2021)

Notes et références

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Odontomaque

Odontomachus, en français Odontomaque, est un genre de fourmis de la sous-famille des Ponerinae et de la tribu des Ponerini, comprenant une centaine d'espèces réparties dans les régions chaudes du monde entier.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Odontomachus ( Croato )

fornecido por wikipedia hr Croatian

Odontomachus, rod grabežljivih mrava mesoždera iz tropskih i suptropskih područja Južne Amerike, Afrike, Azije, Oceanije i nekih djelova jugoistoka Sjedinjenih država. Specifični su zbog svojih čeljusti koje mogu rastvoriti 180°. Rekorderi su u životinjskom carstvu jer svoje čeljusti mogu zaklopiti brzinom od samo 130 mikrosekundi, čim osjetilne dlačice osjete plijen.

Čeljust ovi mravi koriste i kao katapult, kako bi sebe odbacili unatrag i izbjegli napad. Rekorderi u ovim brzinama su mravi vrste O. bauri.

Rod obuhvaća 73 priznatih živih vrsta, i tri fosilne vrste. [1]

Vrste

  1. Odontomachus aciculatus F. Smith, 1863
  2. Odontomachus affinis Guerin-Meneville, 1844
  3. Odontomachus alius Sorger & Zettel, 2011
  4. Odontomachus allolabis Kempf, 1974
  5. Odontomachus angulatus Mayr, 1866
  6. Odontomachus animosus Smith, 1860
  7. Odontomachus assiniensis Emery, 1892
  8. Odontomachus banksi Forel, 1910
  9. Odontomachus bauri Emery, 1892
  10. Odontomachus biolleyi Forel, 1908
  11. Odontomachus biumbonatus Brown, 1976
  12. Odontomachus bradleyi Brown, 1976
  13. Odontomachus brunneus (Patton, 1894)
  14. Odontomachus caelatus Brown, 1976
  15. Odontomachus cephalotes Smith, 1863 (Indonezija, Australija, etc.)
  16. Odontomachus chelifer (Latreille, 1802)
  17. Odontomachus circulus Wang, 1993
  18. Odontomachus clarus Roger, 1861
  19. Odontomachus coquereli Roger, 1861
  20. Odontomachus cornutus Stitz, 1933
  21. Odontomachus desertorum Wheeler, 1915
  22. Odontomachus erythrocephalus Emery, 1890
  23. Odontomachus floresensis Brown, 1976 (Indonezija: Flores)
  24. Odontomachus fulgidus Wang, 1993
  25. Odontomachus granatus Wang, 1993
  26. Odontomachus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Južna Amerika, uvezen u Australiju prije 1876); tipična vrsta
  27. Odontomachus hastatus (Fabricius, 1804)
  28. Odontomachus imperator Emery, 1887
  29. Odontomachus infandus Smith, 1858
  30. Odontomachus insularis Guérin-Méneville, 1844
  31. Odontomachus kuroiwae (Matsumura, 1912)
  32. Odontomachus laticeps Roger, 1861
  33. Odontomachus latidens Mayr, 1867
  34. Odontomachus latissimus Viehmeyer, 1914
  35. Odontomachus malignus Smith, 1859
  36. Odontomachus mayi Mann, 1912
  37. Odontomachus meinerti Forel, 1905
  38. Odontomachus minangkabau Satria, Kurushima, Herwina, Yamane & Eguchi, 2015
  39. Odontomachus montanus Stitz, 1925
  40. Odontomachus monticola Emery, 1892
  41. Odontomachus mormo Brown, 1976
  42. Odontomachus nigriceps Smith, 1860
  43. Odontomachus opaciventris Forel, 1899
  44. Odontomachus opaculus Viehmeyer, 1912
  45. Odontomachus paleomyagra Wappler, Dlussky, Engel, Prokop & Knor, 2014
  46. Odontomachus panamensis Forel, 1899
  47. Odontomachus papuanus Emery, 1887
  48. Odontomachus pararixosus Terayama & Ito, 2014
  49. Odontomachus peruanus Stitz, 1933
  50. Odontomachus philippinus Emery, 1893
  51. Odontomachus procerus Emery, 1893
  52. Odontomachus pseudobauri (De Andrade, 1994)
  53. Odontomachus relictus Deyrup & Cover, 2004
  54. Odontomachus rixosus Smith, 1857
  55. Odontomachus ruficeps Smith, 1858 (Australija)
  56. Odontomachus rufithorax Emery, 1911
  57. Odontomachus ruginodis Smith, 1937
  58. Odontomachus saevissimus Smith, 1858
  59. Odontomachus scalptus Brown, 1978
  60. Odontomachus schoedli Sorger & Zettel, 2011
  61. Odontomachus scifictus Sorger & Zettel, 2011
  62. Odontomachus silvestrii W.M. Wheeler, 1927
  63. Odontomachus simillimus F. Smith, 1858 (Australija, Fidži, etc.)
  64. Odontomachus spinifer De Andrade, 1994
  65. Odontomachus spissus Kempf, 1962
  66. Odontomachus sumbensis Brown, 1976
  67. Odontomachus tensus Wang, 1993
  68. Odontomachus testaceus Emery, 1897
  69. Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi, 1914 (Afrika, Madagaskar, Sejšeli)
  70. Odontomachus turneri Forel, 1900 (Australija)
  71. Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, 1859
  72. Odontomachus xizangensis Wang, 1993
  73. Odontomachus yucatecus Brown, 1976

Izvori

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori i urednici Wikipedije
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia hr Croatian

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Croato )

fornecido por wikipedia hr Croatian

Odontomachus, rod grabežljivih mrava mesoždera iz tropskih i suptropskih područja Južne Amerike, Afrike, Azije, Oceanije i nekih djelova jugoistoka Sjedinjenih država. Specifični su zbog svojih čeljusti koje mogu rastvoriti 180°. Rekorderi su u životinjskom carstvu jer svoje čeljusti mogu zaklopiti brzinom od samo 130 mikrosekundi, čim osjetilne dlačice osjete plijen.

Čeljust ovi mravi koriste i kao katapult, kako bi sebe odbacili unatrag i izbjegli napad. Rekorderi u ovim brzinama su mravi vrste O. bauri.

Rod obuhvaća 73 priznatih živih vrsta, i tri fosilne vrste.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori i urednici Wikipedije
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia hr Croatian

Odontomachus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 è un genere di formiche della sottofamiglia Ponerinae che comprende specie diffuse nelle zone a clima tropicale.

Descrizione

Sono formiche di medie o grandi dimensioni, caratterizzate da un capo di forma irregolare, munito di mandibole sviluppate, e da un peziolo conico appuntito sull'estremità dorsale. Le mandibole, allungate e sottili, sono distaccate fra loro e dalla sommità dell'apparato boccale, e presentano generalmente 2 o 3 denti all'estremità. Esse si possono aprire in un arco di 180°.

Biologia

Le specie di Odontomachus sono formiche trappola, in quanto, per cacciare, si appostano aspettando l'arrivo della preda, che solitamente è un artropode di dimensioni ridotte. Una volta che la preda tocca i peli sensoriali delle mandibole, queste si chiudono di scatto in appena 0,3 millisecondi[1]: un record di velocità fra gli organismi viventi. A differenza delle formiche trappola della sottofamiglia Myrmicinae, le operaie di Odontomachus possono saltare sulla preda sollevandosi fino ad 8 cm da terra utilizzando le mandibole come spinta, e sono capaci di muoversi velocemente.

Note

  1. ^ Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL e Suarez AV, Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants, in PNAS2006; 103(34): 12787-12792.

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 è un genere di formiche della sottofamiglia Ponerinae che comprende specie diffuse nelle zone a clima tropicale.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT

Odontomachus ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Odontomachusrodzaj mrówek z podrodziny Ponerinae. Obejmuje 64 opisane gatunki.

Gatunki

Przypisy

  1. Odontomachus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).

Zobacz też

Linki zewnętrzne

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Odontomachus – rodzaj mrówek z podrodziny Ponerinae. Obejmuje 64 opisane gatunki.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Odontomachus ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A Odontomachus é um gênero de formigas carnívoras da subfamília das poneríneas, possuidoras de poderosa picada.[1]

Espécies

Lista de espécies retirada de (Bolton 1995)[carece de fontes?].

 src=
Operária de O. haematodus.
 src=
O. haematodus larva.

Bibliografia

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia PT

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A Odontomachus é um gênero de formigas carnívoras da subfamília das poneríneas, possuidoras de poderosa picada.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia PT

Kiến bẫy hàm ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Kiến bẫy hàm hay kiến tên lửa (Danh pháp khoa học: Odontomachus) là một chi kiến có nguồn gốc ở Nam Mỹ. Chúng được đặt tên là kiến bẫy hàm vì hàm dưới thuộc phần miệng của chúng có khả năng mở 180 độ giống như một cái bẫy. Hiện nó là một loài xâm lấnHoa Kỳ.

Đặc điểm

Chúng có cơ thể sáng bóng, màu vàng đen, sống được ở nhiều môi trường sống Chúng có chiều dài tối đa 9,5mm. Tất cả giống kiến bẫy hàm đều sở hữu nọc độc đáng sợ, khi bị chích sẽ giống như lửa đốt, với tốc độ nhanh như tên bắn, nên còn được gọi với cái tên kiến tên lửa. Hàm dưới của loài kiến bẫy hàm đủ mạnh để ném những con mồi vào trong không khí. Chúng có khả năng kiểm soát hàm dưới rất hiệu quả. Vết cắn của những loài kiến này rất đau đớn. Khi cần thiết, chúng dùng hàm dưới cắm vào đất hoặc một vật bất kỳ để lấy lực đẩy thân đi vài cm.

Các loài

Loài xâm lấn

Loài kiến bẫy hàm Odontomachus haematodus đang đe xọa và xâm lấn nước Mỹ với số lượng lớn dù vốn có nguồn gốc ở Nam Mỹ, nhưng gần đây lan truyền rộng dọc theo bờ biển vùng Vịnh Mississippi. Loài kiến bẫy hàm khổng lồ đang lan rộng trên khắp nước Mỹ. Thực tế loài này lan rộng và gia tăng lãnh thổ mà không ai để ý.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Kiến bẫy hàm
  • Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV (ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2006). "Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (34): 12787–12792. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103. PMC 1568925. PMID 16924120. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 6 năm 2008.
  • "Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States" (bằng tiếng Anh). Entomology Today. ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2014. "One species called Odontomachus haematodus was unofficially recorded in Alabama back in 1956. But now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast, at least as far east as Pensacola, Florida."
  • "Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States" (bằng tiếng Anh). Entomology Today. ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2014. "As recently as a few years ago, another species called Odontomachus ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region, and points south. But now Sorger has confirmed a record of ruginodis more than a hundred miles north of Orlando, in Gainesville, Florida."
  • "Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States" (bằng tiếng Anh). Entomology Today. ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2014. "Not all of the trap-jaw species are on the move, however. Sorger also studies Odontomachus relictus, a species that is found only in endangered scrub habitat on central Florida’s ancient sand ridges."

Liên kết ngoài

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Kiến bẫy hàm: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Kiến bẫy hàm hay kiến tên lửa (Danh pháp khoa học: Odontomachus) là một chi kiến có nguồn gốc ở Nam Mỹ. Chúng được đặt tên là kiến bẫy hàm vì hàm dưới thuộc phần miệng của chúng có khả năng mở 180 độ giống như một cái bẫy. Hiện nó là một loài xâm lấnHoa Kỳ.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Odontomachus ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

 src=
Муравей Odontomachus схватил муху Dohrniphora conlanorum.
 src=
Голова муравья O. troglodytes.
 src=
Муравей O. turneri, вид сбоку.
 src=
Крылатая самка O. troglodytes.
 src=
Крылатый самец O. brunneus.

Одонтомахус[2] (лат. Odontomachus, от др.-греч. ὀδοντο- + -μᾰχος «сражающися зубами») — род муравьёв (Formicidae) из подсемейства Ponerinae, включающий тропических и субтропических понерин с длинными мандибулами, мгновенно закрывающимися как капканы.

Распространение

Род характерен для тропиков и субтропиков Старого Света (Африка, южная и юго-восточная Азия, Австралия) и Нового Света. Наибольшее разнообразие отмечено в Америке и Азии, в то время как в Африке лишь 2 вида (O. assiniensis и O. troglodytes), а на Мадагаскаре с близлежащими островами три вида (O. coquereli, O. troglodytes, и на Сейшеллах O. simillimus, предположительно интродуцирован). Несколько видов проникают в области с умеренным климатом на юго-запад США, северо-восток Китая, центральную Аргентину[1].

Описание

Длина тела о 6 до 20 мм (в среднем около 1 см). Мандибулы прямые и узкие. Окраска от оранжевой до чёрной. Стебелёк между грудкой и брюшком состоит из 1 членика (петиоль), но первый сегмент брюшка не так резко, как у других понерин отделён перетяжкой от остальных. Заднегрудка без проподеальных зубцов (у сходного рода Anochetus они обычно развиты), Усики рабочих и самок 12-члениковые (у самцов 13). Оцеллии отсутствуют, сложные глаза среднего размера. Нижнечелюстные щупики рабочих 4-члениковые (у самцов 6 или 5), нижнегубные щупики состоят из 4 или 3 сегментов (у самцов 4 или 3). Средние и задние голени с 2 шпорами (одной гребенчатой и одной простой). Жало развито. Куколки в коконах[1][3]. Odontomachus это один из 4 родов муравьёв, способных к прыжкам с помощью ног (наряду с Gigantiops, Myrmecia и Harpegnathos)[4][5][6].

Биология

Хищники, охотящиеся на членистоногих (некоторые специализируются на термитофагии). Часть видов имеют трофобиотические отношения с сосущими соки растений равнокрылыми насекомыми или посещают внецветковые нектарники (O. affinis[7]; O. bauri, O. hastatus, O. panamensis[8][9]; O. troglodytes[10][11]. Неотропический вид O. chelifer известен как поедающий фрукты и части семян, которые он в конечном счете распространяет[12][13][14]. O. laticeps и O. minutus (=O. meinerti) также собирают семена с питательной оболочкой[15]. O. malignus отличается своей привычкой поиска пищи среди кораллов во время отлива[16]. Фуражируют в наземном ярусе. В поисках корма рабочие муравьи O. bauri осуществляют навигацию с помощью визуальных сигналов из верхнего полога леса, а также химические метки[17]. У вида O. troglodytes обнаружена мобилизация соплеменников с помощью тандемного бега[11][3].

Размер колоний сильно варьирует в пределах рода. Минимальное численность в 18 рабочих муравьёв отмечена у вида Odontomachus coquereli[18], а наибольший размер семей в 10000 рабочих обнаружен у вида O. opaciventris[19]. Большинство видов имеет средний размер семей в несколько сотен рабочих муравьёв: колонии O. chelifer содержат от 100 до 650 рабочих[20][14], колонии O. rixosus — в среднем 142 рабочих[21], семьи O. bauri — до 300 рабочих[22], колонии O. troglodytes — более 1,000 рабочих[23][3].

Большинство видов рода Odontomachus имеют типичных крылатых самок и полунезависимый способ основания новых семей[1], однако вид O. coquereli имеет бескрылых эргатоидных самок и колонии по всей видимости репродуцируются путём деления[18]. У неописанного вида из Малайзии также обнаружены эргатоидные самки[24], а деление колонии путём почкования отмечено у некоторых других видов[1]. Часть видов Odontomachus имеют в семьях только одну матку (моногиния), но у других известна полигиния, например, у O. assiniensis[25]; O. cephalotes[26]; O. chelifer[27]; O. rixosus[21]; O. troglodytes[25]. Самки O. rixosus демонстрируют набор задач более характерный для рабочей касты, включая фуражировку за пределами гнезда[21][3].

Гнезда и мирмекофилы

Муравьи этого рода строят земляные гнезда (а также древесные и в термитниках), состоящие всего из нескольких крупных камер. Большинство видов гнездятся в почве или в гнилой древесине (например, Odontomachus affinis[28]; O. bauri[29]; O. brunneus, O. clarus, O. relictus и O. ruginodis[30]; O. cephalotes[16]; O. chelifer[20][14]; O. coquereli[18]; O. erythrocephalus[9]; O. opaciventris[19]; O. rixosus[21]; O. simillimus[16][31]; O. tyrannicus[16]), некоторые виды гнездятся в покинутых термитниках ([32]) или арбореально (например, O. troglodytes[23]; O. brunneus, O. hastatus, и O. mayi[1]; O. bauri и O. hastatus[9]). Гнёзда O. bauri предположительно полидомные ([29])[3].

Среди паразитоидов обнаружены паразитические наездники (Eucharitidae) видов Chalcura deprivata, Kapala terminalis и Schizaspidia convergens[33]. В гнёздах Odontomachus monticola (Китай) найдены мирмекофильные жуки Pengzhongiella daicongchaoi[34].

Генетика

Диплоидный набор хромосом 2n = 30, 32 и 44[35].

Геном у разных видов рода варьирует в следующих пределах[36]:

  • Odontomachus bauri: 0,49 пг (C value)[37]
  • Odontomachus brunneus: 0,44 пг (C value)[38]
  • Odontomachus cephalotes: 0,43 пг (C value)[39]
  • Odontomachus chelifer: 0,54 пг (C value)[40]
  • Odontomachus haematodus: 0,51 пг (C value)[41]

Классификация

Род имеет несколько синонимов (Champsomyrmex Emery, 1892, Myrtoteras Matsumura, 1912, Pedetes Bernstein, 1861) и включает около 70 видов, в том числе, ископаемые[42]:

Мандибулы и прыжки

 src=
Голова O. hastatus
 src=
Рабочий O. haematodus

Эти муравьи имеют длинные, узкие и быстро закрывающиеся верхние челюсти. У муравья Odontomachus bauri зафиксирована рекордная для животных скорость защёлкивания мандибул: от 126 до 230 км/час, за 130 микросекунд. С помощью челюстей, муравей может прыгать на высоту до 20 см[47][48][49][50]. Сходный механизм челюстей развит у близкого рода Anochetus[51].

Мирмекоморфия

У прыгающих пауков рода Enoplomischus (Salticidae) наблюдается сходная внешняя форма задней части тела (Мимикрия).

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Brown, W. L. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subiribal characters. Genus Odontomachus (англ.) // Studia Entomologica (N.S.) : Журнал. — 1976. — Vol. 19. — P. 67—171.
  2. Стриганова Б. Р., Захаров А. А. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных: Насекомые (латинский-русский-английский-немецкий-французский) / Под ред. д-ра биол. наук, проф. Б. Р. Стригановой. — М.: РУССО, 2000. — С. 293. — 1060 экз.ISBN 5-88721-162-8.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Schmidt, C. A.; Shattuck, S. O. The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press, 2014. — Vol. 3817(1). — P. 1—242. — ISSN 1175-5326.
  4. Magdalena Sorger. Snap! Trap-jaw ants in Borneo also jump using their legs (англ.) // Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment : Журнал. — Washington: The Ecological Society of America, 2015. — Vol. 13, no. 10. — P. 574—575. — ISSN 1540-9309. — DOI:10.1890/1540-9295-13.10.574.
  5. Sindya N. Bhanoo. Ants With Leaping Ability. nytimes.com — 1 декабря 2015.
  6. Jason Bittel. The High-Flying Ant With a Bite Like a Bear Trap. nationalgeographic.com — 20 июня 2014
  7. Borgmeier, T. (1920) Zur lebensweise von Odontomachus affinis Guérin. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Vereins für Wissenschaft und Kunst in São Paulo, 1, 31–38.
  8. Schemske, D.W. (1982) Ecological correlates of a neotropical mutualism: ant assemblages at Costus extrafloral nectaries. Ecology, 63 (4), 932–941. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1937233
  9. 1 2 3 Longino, J.T. (2013) Ants of Costa Rica. Available from: http://academic.evergreen.edu/projects/ants/AntsofCostaRica.html (accessed 10 November 2013)
  10. Evans, H.C. & Leston, D. (1971) A ponerine ant (Hym. Formicidae) associated with Homoptera on cocoa in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, 357–362. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300057898
  11. 1 2 Lachaud, J.-P. & Déjean, A. (1991a) Food sharing in Odontomachus troglodytes (Santschi): a behavioral intermediate stage in the evolution of social food exchange in ants. Anales de Biología, 17 (6), 53–61.
  12. Pizo, M.A. & Oliveira, P.S. (1998) Interaction between ants and seeds of a nonmyrmecochorous neotropical tree, Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae), in the Atlantic forest of southeast Brazil. American Journal of Botany, 85 (5), 669–674. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2446536
  13. Passos, L. & Oliveira, P.S. (2002) Ants affect the distribution and performance of seedlings of Clusia criuva, a primarily birddispersed rain forest tree. Journal of Ecology, 90 (3), 517–528. https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00687.x
  14. 1 2 3 Passos, L. & Oliveira, P.S. (2004) Interaction between ants and fruits of Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae) in a Brazilian sandy plain rainforest: ant effects on seeds and seedlings. Oecologia, 139, 376–382. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1531-5
  15. Horvitz, C.C. (1981) Analysis of how ant behaviors affect germination in a tropical myrmecochore Calathea microcephala (P. & E.) Koernicke (Marantaceae): microsite selection and aril removal by neotropical ants, Odontomachus, Pachycondyla, and Solenopsis (Formicidae). Oecologia, 51, 47–52. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00344651
    Horvitz, C.C. & Beattie, A.J. (1980) Ant dispersal of Calathea (Marantaceae) seeds by carnivorous ponerines (Formicidae) in a tropical rain forest. American Journal of Botany, 67 (3), 321–326. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2442342
  16. 1 2 3 4 Wilson, E.O. (1959b) Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 120, 483–510.
  17. Oliveira, P.S. & Hölldobler, B. (1989) Orientation and communication in the neotropical ant Odontomachus bauri Emery (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Ethology, 83 (2), 154–166. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00525.x
  18. 1 2 3 Molet, M., Peeters, C. & Fisher, B.L. (2007) Permanent loss of wings in queens of the ant Odontomachus coquereli from Madagascar. Insectes Sociaux, 54, 183–188. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-007-0930-0
  19. 1 2 De la Mora, A., Pérez-Lachaud, G. & Lachaud, J.P. (2008) Mandible strike: The lethal weapon of Odontomachus opaciventris against small prey. Behavioral Processes, 78, 64–75. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2008.01.011
  20. 1 2 Fowler, H.G. (1980) Populations, prey capture and sharing, and foraging of the Paraguayan ponerine Odontomachus chelifer Latreille. Journal of Natural History, 14 (1), 79–84. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938000770081
  21. 1 2 3 4 Ito, F., Yusoff, N.R. & Idris, A.H. (1996) Colony composition and queen behavior in polygynous colonies of the Oriental ponerine ant Odontomachus rixosus (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 43, 77–86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01253958
  22. Jaffe, K. & Marcuse, M. (1983) Nestmate recognition and territorial behaviour in the ant Odontomachus bauri Emery (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 30 (4), 466–481. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02223978
  23. 1 2 Colombel, P.P. (1972) Recherches sur la biologie et l’éthologie d’Odontomachus haematodes L. (Hym. Formicoidea, Poneridae) biologie des ouvrieres. Insectes Sociaux, 3, 171–194. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02226625
  24. Gobin, B., Ito, F., Peeters, C. & Billen, J. (2006) Queen-worker differences in spermatheca reservoir of phylogenetically basal ants. Cell Tissue Research, 326, 169–178. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-006-0232-2
  25. 1 2 Ledoux, A. (1952) Recherches préliminaires sur quelques points de la biologie d’Odontomachus assiniensis Latr. (Hym. Formicoidea). Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 14 (11), 231–248.
  26. Peeters, C. (1987) The diversity of reproductive systems in Ponerine ants. In: Eder, J. & Rembold, H. (Eds.), Chemistry and Biology of Social Insects. Verlag J. Peperny, München, pp. 253–254.
  27. Medeiros, F.N.S., Lopes, L.E., Moutinho, P.R.S., Oliveira, P.S. & Hölldobler, B. (1992) Functional polygyny, agonistic interactions and reproductive dominance in the neotropical ant Odontomachus chelifer (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Ethology, 91, 134–146. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1992.tb00857.x
  28. Brandão, C.R.F. (1983) Sequential ethograms along colony development of Odontomachus affinis Guérin (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 30 (2), 193–203. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02223869
  29. 1 2 Ehmer, B. & Hölldobler, B. (1995) Foraging behavior of Odontomachus bauri on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Pysche, 102, 215–224. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/27197
  30. Deyrup, M. & Cover, S. (2004) A new species of Odontomachus ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from inland ridges of Florida, with a key to Odontomachus of the United States. Florida Entomologist, 87 (2), 136–144. https://dx.doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0136:ansooa]2.0.co;2
  31. van Walsum, E., Gobin, B., Ito, F. & Billen, J. (1998) Worker reproduction in the ponerine ant Odontomachus simillimus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 32 (3), 427–440.
  32. Déjean, A., Durand, J.L. & Bolton, B. (1996) Ants inhabiting Cubitermes termitaries in African rain forest. Biotropica, 28, 701–713. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389056
    Déjean, A., Bolton, B. & Durand, J.L. (1997) Cubitermes subarquatus termitaries as shelters for soil fauna in African rainforests. Journal of Natural History, 31, 1289–1302. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939700770711
  33. Kapala Cameron, 1884 (англ.). Universal Chacidoiod Database. Проверено 10 марта 2012. Архивировано 16 мая 2012 года.
  34. Yin Z. W., Li L. Z. Pengzhongiella daicongchaoi gen. et sp. n., a remarkable myrmecophile (Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Batrisitae) from the Gaoligong Mountains. (англ.) // ZooKeys. — 2013. — No. 326. — P. 17—26. — DOI:10.3897/zookeys.326.5933. — PMID 24039533. [исправить]
  35. Lorite P.& Palomeque T. Karyotype evolution in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with a review of the known ant chromosome numbers (англ.) // Myrmecologische Nachrichten : Журнал. — Wien, 2010. — Vol. 13. — P. 89—102.
  36. Tsutsui Neil D, Suarez Andrew V, Spagna Joseph C, Johnston J Spencer. The evolution of genome size in ants // BMC Evolutionary Biology. — 2008. — Т. 8, № 1. — С. 64. — ISSN 1471-2148. — DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-8-64. [исправить]
  37. База данных о размерах геномов животных — Odontomachus bauri.
  38. База данных о размерах геномов животных — Odontomachus brunneus.
  39. База данных о размерах геномов животных — Odontomachus cephalotes.
  40. База данных о размерах геномов животных — Odontomachus chelifer.
  41. База данных о размерах геномов животных — Odontomachus haematodus.
  42. 1 2 3 De Andrade, M. L. 1994c. Fossil Odontomachiti ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti). Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd. Ser. B (Geol. Paläontol.) 199: 1-28
  43. 1 2 3 Sorger, D.M. and H. Zettel. 2011. On the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Philippine Islands: V. The genus Odontomachus LATREILLE, 1804. Myrmecological News. 14:141-163.
  44. 1 2 3 4 Wang, M. 1993a. Taxonomic study of the ant tribe Odontomachini in China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sci. Treatise Syst. Evol. Zool. 2: 219-230.
  45. Wappler, T., Dlussky, G.M., Engel, M.S., Prokop, J. & Knor, S. 2014. A new trap-jaw ant species of the genus Odontomachus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) from the Early Miocene (Burdigalian) of the Czech Republic. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 88, 495–502.
  46. An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World: O. paleomyagra
  47. Ant Jaws Break Speed Record — Videos of Odontomachus jumping using its jaws
  48. Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV (22 August 2006). “Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants” (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (34): 12787—12792. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0604290103. PMC 1568925. PMID 16924120. Проверено 7 June 2008.
  49. Spagna, J. C., Larabee, F. J., Suarez, A. V. Evolution of jaw-morphology and kinematics in ponerine trap-jaw ants // Integrative and Comparative Biology. — 2012. — No. 52. — P. 165.
  50. Spagna, JC; Patek, SN; Suarez, AV. Polymorphic trap-jaws: intra- and interspecific scaling of jaw forces in trap-jaw ants // Integrative and Comparative Biology. — 2009. — No. 49. — P. 160. — ISSN 1540-7063.
  51. Gronenberg, W.; Ehmer, B. The mandible mechanism of the ant genus Anochetus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and the possible evolution of trap-jaws // Zoology. — 1996. — Vol. 99, no. 3. — P. 153—162.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

Odontomachus: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

 src= Муравей Odontomachus схватил муху Dohrniphora conlanorum.  src= Голова муравья O. troglodytes.  src= Муравей O. turneri, вид сбоку.  src= Крылатая самка O. troglodytes.  src= Крылатый самец O. brunneus.

Одонтомахус (лат. Odontomachus, от др.-греч. ὀδοντο- + -μᾰχος «сражающися зубами») — род муравьёв (Formicidae) из подсемейства Ponerinae, включающий тропических и субтропических понерин с длинными мандибулами, мгновенно закрывающимися как капканы.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

鋸針蟻 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

鋸針蟻屬(學名:Odontomachus)是位於熱帶亞熱帶肉食性螞蟻

攻擊性強,會以特化的顎夾發動瞬間夾擊動作,據研究開合瞬間為0.13毫秒。鋸針蟻的顎夾張開可達180度,除了獵食,遭遇天敵亦可夾擊地面使自己迅速彈離。[1]

參考來源

外部連結

小作品圖示这是一篇與昆虫相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

鋸針蟻: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

鋸針蟻屬(學名:Odontomachus)是位於熱帶亞熱帶肉食性螞蟻

攻擊性強,會以特化的顎夾發動瞬間夾擊動作,據研究開合瞬間為0.13毫秒。鋸針蟻的顎夾張開可達180度,除了獵食,遭遇天敵亦可夾擊地面使自己迅速彈離。

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科