Diagnostic Description
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Inglês
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fornecido por Fishbase
Silvery grey in color (Ref. 4393).
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- Cristina V. Garilao
Life Cycle
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Inglês
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Breed at the sea throughout the year. Juveniles move into estuaries and enter rivers usually in late winter or early spring. Males remain in freshwater until 4 years, females for up to 7 years. Fish return first to estuaries before maturing sexually prior to spawning (Ref. 7248).
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Migration
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Inglês
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Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Morphology
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Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9
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Trophic Strategy
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Occur in freshwater to estuarine conditions. Breed at sea; juveniles move into estuaries and enter rivers in late winter or early spring. Feed on benthic algae and small invertebrates over muddy bottom. Changes in the feeding habits from migratory zooplankton to meiobenthos which takes place between 0.1 and 0.2 cm length, this is followed by a period when large quantities of food, mainly insects, are taken from the surface of the water; when it reached > 0.3 cm, changed feeding on microbenthos and sand (Ref. 56101). Occurs mainly in the freshwater zones of Eastern Cape rivers with small numbers in brackishwater at the head of estuaries; has an extended juvenile recruitment period; found to normally penetrate further upriver than Mugil cephalus (Ref. 74748). Opportunistic feeder, eat soft bodied insects if available (Ref. 74749). Gill-raker filaments were found in the stomach captured using seine net. Due to their thinner and more pointed snout, these species are frequently caught in the meshes of seine nets, in a gill net fashion. Mullets struggle to be free of the constricting meshes, food is often regurgitated at an early stage, subsequent gasping of oxygen would then easily cause gill-rakers, broken loose in the struggle, to be swalowed (Ref. 74739).
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- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Biology
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Inglês
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fornecido por Fishbase
Adults occur in freshwater to estuarine conditions. Adults breed at sea; juveniles move into estuaries and enter rivers in late winter or early spring. Females remain in freshwater for 7 years, males for 4 years. Return to estuaries before maturing sexually prior to spawning. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Feed on benthic algae and small invertebrates over muddy bottom (Ref. 6465). Decline in population from obstruction, by dams and weirs, of free passage into rivers.
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Importance
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fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Varswater-harder
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Africâner
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fornecido por wikipedia AF
Die Varswater-harder (Myxus capensis) is 'n vis wat endemies aan Suid-Afrika is. Dit kom voor van Valsbaai tot by Kosibaai. In Engels staan die vis bekend as Freshwater mullet.
Voorkoms
Die vis word 45 cm lank. Die vis is silwerkleurig wanneer dit in varswater is en word donker aan die bokant wanneer dit in soutwater (in die see) kom.
Gewoontes
Die vis is meer volop in die Kaapse riviere as ander harderspesies en kan tot 100 km na die binneland voorkom. Die vis bly die grootste gedeelte van sy lewe in varswater en gaan net na die see om eiers te lê tussen Maart en November. Damme en keerwalle verhoed die natuurlike migrasie van die vis en het tot gevolg dat hulle getalle aan die afneem is.
Sien ook
Bronne
Eksterne skakel
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Varswater-harder: Brief Summary
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Africâner
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fornecido por wikipedia AF
Die Varswater-harder (Myxus capensis) is 'n vis wat endemies aan Suid-Afrika is. Dit kom voor van Valsbaai tot by Kosibaai. In Engels staan die vis bekend as Freshwater mullet.
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Freshwater mullet
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Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
The freshwater mullet (Pseudomyxus capensis) is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is endemic to South Africa.
Distribution
The freshwater mullet is endemic to South Africa where is distribution extends from Kwazulu-Natal, the Eastern Cape to the Western Cape, from Kosi Bay to the Breede River drainage.[1]
Habitat and biology
This species is found in estuaries and the juveniles need freshwater reaches for growth and safety. The adults spawn at sea, after reaching sexual maturity in estuaries.[1] The juveniles move into the estuaries and up into rivers in the late southern winter or early spring and then stay there for seven years for females and four years for males. They feed on benthic algae and small invertebrates over muddy substrates.[2]
Conservation
The freshwater mullet's range and population have been impacted by the damming of streams and the introduction of alien fish.[1]
Taxonomy
The freshwater mullet was previously assigned to Myxus, but genetic studies in 2012 found it to be more closely related to the Fringelip mullet than to the Sand grey mullet, necessitating the erection of the monospecific genus Pseudomyxus for this species.[3][4]
References
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^ a b c d Swartz, E.; Impson, D. & Cambray, J. (2007). "Myxus capensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2007: e.T14264A4428878. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T14264A4428878.en. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
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^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Pseudomyxus capensis" in FishBase. June 2018 version.
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^ Durand, J.-D., Shen, K.-N., Chen, W.-J., Jamandre, B.-W., Blel, H., Diop, K., et al. 2012. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 64, 73–92. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.006
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^ Durand, J.-D., W.-J. Chen, K.-N. Shen, C. Fu, & P. Borsa. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied b mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 335: 687-697.
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Freshwater mullet: Brief Summary
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Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
The freshwater mullet (Pseudomyxus capensis) is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is endemic to South Africa.
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Myxus capensis
(
Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Myxus capensis: Brief Summary
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Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
Myxus capensis Myxus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Mugilidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Myxus capensis
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Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
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Myxus capensis: Brief Summary
(
Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
Myxus capensis é uma espécie de peixe da família Mugilidae.
É endémica da África do Sul.
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