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Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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There are seven extant species and one extinct species (Acanthognathus poinari) in this genus.

Ants of the genus Acanthognathus stalk small insects and catch their prey by a strike with their long, thin mandibles. The mandibles close in less than 2.5 ms and this movement is controlled by a specialized closer muscle. In Acanthognathus, unlike other insects, the mandible closer muscle is subdivided into two distinct parts: as in a catapult, a large slow closer muscle contracts in advance and provides the power for the strike while the mandibles are locked open. When the prey touches specialized trigger hairs, a small fast closer muscle rapidly unlocks the mandibles and thus releases the strike. The fast movement is steadied by large specialized surfaces in the mandible joint and the sensory-motor reflex is controlled by neurones with particularly large, and thus fast-conducting, axons.

Species in this genus are found in rotten logs, hollow twigs and branches and sections of wood burried in leaf litter. The colony size is rather small, often less than 20 workers. Individual foragers can be seen hunting collembola prey with mandibles wide open on the surface of leaf litter.

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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Central and South America

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David Lubertazzi
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Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

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Mandibles linear and elongate, their bases extremely closely approximated and with kinetic mode of action, each with an apical fork of 3 spiniform teeth that interlock at full closure. Preapical dentition sometimes present but often absent. Mandibles at full gape open to 170 degrees or more. Basal process of mandible a long curved spur that is minutely bifurcated apically; when mandibles fully closed the basal processess cross over and are ventral to the labrum and at the apex of the labio-maxillary complex; when fully open the mandibles are braced in that position by opposition of the basal processes alone. Trigger hairs arise from the mandibles (one from each); trigger hairs lie flat against margin when mandible closed, becoming erect as mandibles open. Palp formula 0,1. Labrum extremely reduced to vestigal, represented by a narrow Y-shaped sclerite; labrum not taking part in mandibular locking mechanism. Buccal cavity narrow, parallel-sided anteriorly; labio-maxillary complex narrow.

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David Lubertazzi
citação bibliográfica
Bolton, B. 2000. The ant tribe Dacetini. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 65: 1-1028.
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David Lubertazzi (lubertazzi)
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Acanthognathus ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Acanthognathus is a genus of ants that are found in tropical Central and South America.[2] There are 7 living species and 1 extinct species, Acanthognathus poinari, known only from fossil records.[3]

Description

They are reddish in colour and have long trap-jaws that can be compared to those of Odontomachus. These predatory ants live in small colonies that typically consist of less than 30 adults.[2]

Acanthognathus has large, line-shaped jaws, each with an apical fork of 3 spiniform teeth that interlock when fully closed; Preapical dentition sometimes present but often absent. Jaws open to 170 degrees or more. Basal process of mandible a long curved spur that is minutely bifurcated apically; when the mandibles are fully closed, the basal processes intersect and are ventral to the labrum and at the apex of the labio-maxillary complex; when fully open the mandibles are held in that position by opposition of the basal processes alone. Trigger hairs arise from mandibles (one of each); trigger hairs lie flat against margin when jaws close, becoming erect when the jaws are open.

Taxonomy

The genus was established by Mayr (1887) to house the species A. ocellatus, described from a single worker found in Brazil.[4]

Mistakenly, the name Acanthognathus was re-used by German ichthyologist G. Duncker in 1912 for a genus of syngnathid fish,[5] but that is invalid as it is a junior homonym.[6] These are now placed in either Dunckerocampus or Doryrhamphus, as the former sometimes is considered a subgenus of the latter.[7][8] To further confuse, a genus of nemesiid spiders, Acanthogonatus, is frequently misspelled Acanthognathus.

List of species

References

  1. ^ Mayr, G. (1887). Südamerikanische Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 37: 511-632.
  2. ^ a b Brown, W. L., Jr., & W. W. Kempf (1969). A Revision of the Neotropical Dacetine Ant Genus Acanthognathus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Psyche 76(2): 87-109.
  3. ^ a b Bolton, B. (2014). "Acanthognathus". AntCat. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
  4. ^ a b Galvis, J. P.; Fernández, F. (2009). "Ants of Colombia X. Acanthognathus with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Revista Colombiana de Entomología. 35: 245–249.
  5. ^ Duncker, G. (1912). Die Gattungen der Syngnathidae. Mitteilungen Naturhist. Museum Hamburg 29: 219-240.
  6. ^ Ride, W.D.L, H.G. Cogger, C. Dupuis, O. Kraus, A. Minelli, F. C. Thompson & P.K. Tubbs, eds. (1999). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. ISBN 0-85301-006-4
  7. ^ Whitley, G. P. (1933). Studies in ichthyology. No. 7. Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (1): 60-112, Pls. 11-15.
  8. ^ Dawson, C. E. (1985). Indo-Pacific pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Indo-Pacific pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). i-vi + 1-230.
  9. ^ Baroni Urbani, C., & De Andrade, M. L. (1994). First description of fossil Dacetini ants with a critical analysis of the current classification of the tribe (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VI: Dacetini). Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd. Ser. B ((page 12-15, Strumigenys senior synonym of Quadristruma).

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Acanthognathus: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Acanthognathus is a genus of ants that are found in tropical Central and South America. There are 7 living species and 1 extinct species, Acanthognathus poinari, known only from fossil records.

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Acanthognathus ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Acanthognathusrodzaj mrówek z podrodziny Myrmicinae. Obejmuje osiem gatunków (w tym jeden wymarły, znany z dominikańskiego bursztynu A. poinari), gatunkiem typowym jest A. ocellatus.

Występowanie

Rodzaj neotropikalny, występuje w Ameryce Południowej i Środkowej[2].

Biologia

Tworzy niewielkie kolonie, liczące do 30 dorosłych osobników[2].

Robotnice tego rodzaju mają wyspecjalizowane, długie i cienkie żuwaczki, rozwierające się do kąta 170°. Mrówki podchodzą do niewielkich owadów i w momencie, gdy zdobycz dotknie jednego z czuciowych włosków na ich wewnętrznej powierzchni, żuwaczki błyskawicznie się zatrzaskują. Czas zamknięcia żuwaczek wynosi poniżej 2,5 ms[3].

Taksonomia

Rodzaj dawniej zaliczany do Dacetini[4]. W 2015 roku na podstawie analiz filogenetycznych zaliczony został do Attini przez P.S. Warda i innych[5][4].

Należy tu 8 opisanych gatunków[6]:

Przypisy

  1. Acanthognathus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b Brown W.L. Jr, Kempf W.W. A Revision of the Neotropical Dacetine Ant Genus Acanthognathus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae. „Psyche”. 76 (2), s. 87–109, 1969. DOI: 10.1155/1969/19387.
  3. Gronenberg W., Brandão C.R.F., Dietz B.H., Just S. Trap-jaws revisited: the mandible mechanism of the ant Acanthognathus. „Physiological Entomology”. 23 (3), s. 227–240, 1998. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3032.1998.233081.x.
  4. a b Genus: Acanthognathus. W: AntWeb [on-line]. [dostęp 2016-04-14].
  5. P. S. Ward, S. G. Brady, B. L. Fisher, T. R. Schultz. The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). „Systematic Entomology”. 40, s. 61–81, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12090.
  6. Barry Bolton: Acanthognathus. W: An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World [on-line]. [dostęp 2016-04-14].
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Acanthognathus: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Acanthognathus – rodzaj mrówek z podrodziny Myrmicinae. Obejmuje osiem gatunków (w tym jeden wymarły, znany z dominikańskiego bursztynu A. poinari), gatunkiem typowym jest A. ocellatus.

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Acanthognathus ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Acanthognathus (лат. , от др.-греч. ἀκανθο- +γνάθος «шипастые челюсти») — род муравьёв, встречающийся в тропических странах Центральной и Южной Америки[2]. Имеют красноватую окраску и мощные развитые мандибулы, по размеру сравнимые с мандибулами муравьёв рода Odontomachus. Эти хищные муравьи живут небольшими колониями из не менее чем 30 взрослых особей. Длина рабочих 3,5—4,6 мм. Усики самок и рабочих 11-члениковые, а самцов — 12-члениковые. Формула щупиков: 5,3 (нижнечелюстные + нижнегубные). Вместе с родом Daceton являются наиболее примитивными представителями трибы Dacetini[2].

Ископаемый вид †Acanthognathus poinari Baroni Urbani, 1994 был описан из миоценовых Доминиканских янтарей[3].

Название рода Acanthognathus было использовано также немецким ихтиологом Г. Дункером в 1912 году для именования рода игловых рыб (Dunckerocampus или Doryrhamphus)[4], однако, это был случай омонимии[5]. Следует отметить, что сходное название имеют пауки из семейства Nemesiidae (Acanthogonatus).

Примечания

  1. Galvis, J. P.; Fernández, F. (2009). “Ants of Colombia X. Acanthognathus with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)”. Revista Colombiana de Entomología. 35: 245—249.
  2. 1 2 Brown, W. L., Jr., & W. W. Kempf (1969). A Revision of the Neotropical Dacetine Ant Genus Acanthognathus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Psyche 76(2): 87-109.
  3. Baroni Urbani C., De Andrade M. L. 1994. First description of fossil Dacetini ants with a critical analysis of the current classification of the tribe (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VI: Dacetini). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde (B), 198: 1-65.
  4. Duncker, G. (1912). Die Gattungen der Syngnathidae. Mitteilungen Naturhist. Museum Hamburg 29: 219—240.
  5. Ride, W. D. L, H. G. Cogger, C. Dupuis, O. Kraus, A. Minelli, F. C. Thompson & P.K. Tubbs, eds. (1999). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. ISBN 0-85301-006-4
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Acanthognathus: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

 src= Acanthognathus teledectus

Acanthognathus (лат. , от др.-греч. ἀκανθο- +γνάθος «шипастые челюсти») — род муравьёв, встречающийся в тропических странах Центральной и Южной Америки. Имеют красноватую окраску и мощные развитые мандибулы, по размеру сравнимые с мандибулами муравьёв рода Odontomachus. Эти хищные муравьи живут небольшими колониями из не менее чем 30 взрослых особей. Длина рабочих 3,5—4,6 мм. Усики самок и рабочих 11-члениковые, а самцов — 12-члениковые. Формула щупиков: 5,3 (нижнечелюстные + нижнегубные). Вместе с родом Daceton являются наиболее примитивными представителями трибы Dacetini.

Ископаемый вид †Acanthognathus poinari Baroni Urbani, 1994 был описан из миоценовых Доминиканских янтарей.

Название рода Acanthognathus было использовано также немецким ихтиологом Г. Дункером в 1912 году для именования рода игловых рыб (Dunckerocampus или Doryrhamphus), однако, это был случай омонимии. Следует отметить, что сходное название имеют пауки из семейства Nemesiidae (Acanthogonatus).

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Авторы и редакторы Википедии