dcsimg

Juncitarsus ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Juncitarsus is an extinct genus of wading birds from the Eocene of the United States and Germany. Though previously considered a flamingo, it is likely a stem-flamingo, possibly a relative of the group which contains both flamingos and grebes (Mirandornithes).

History

A small set of bones were collected in 1946 and 1947 by Charles Lewis Gazin, Franklin L. Pearce, and George F. Sternberg at a locality in the Bridger Formation of Wyoming. These bones were sent to be studied by Alexander Wetmore, though he could not identify the species. It was not until 1980 that they were named by Storrs L. Olson and Alan Feduccia. The nominate species was named J. gracillimus with the nomenclature meaning "slender reed ankle".[1] A second species, J. merkeli from Germany was named in 1987 by Stefan Peters.[2]

Description

The remains of J. gracillimus belong to at least three adult or nearly adult birds and one chick, which at the time of death could not fly. Different sizes of bones may indicate sexual dimorphism. In the holotype (USNM 244318), the left tarsometatarsus is almost completely preserved; only a small inner part of the proximal section is missing. One right tarsus includes only the proximal section, the other - the proximal section and fragments of the head of the joint (lat. trochlea). The distal section of the right tarsus, fragments of the left tibiotarsus without a tarsus, the distal section of the right tibiotarsus, the anterior part of the left scapula, and an unfused frontal bone were preserved in a young specimen. In addition, the distal part of the right femur, fragments of the humerus and ulna, some phalanges of the fingers and vertebrae have been preserved.[1]

Based on the more completed J. merkeli (SMF A 295), the genus was a long-legged bird with a long, slender bill as seen in stilts.[2]

Classification

Olson and Feduccia had originally classified Juncitarsus as the earliest known member of the flamingo family Phoenicopteridae, though due its overall similarity to the family Recurvirostridae that authors suggested a kinship between flamingos and the avocets and stilts. This resulted in classifying flamingos as members of the shorebird order Charadriiformes.[1] However this is not currently supported by recent lines of morphological and molecular evidence as flamingos related to grebes in the clade Mirandornithes.[3][4][5][6] In light of this, Juncitarsus has been considered to be a basal mirandornithean. The following phylogenetic tree depicts Mirandornithes as recovered by Torres and colleagues in 2015.[7]

Mirandornithes

Juncitarsus

Podicipediformes

Phoenicopteriformes

Palaelodidae

Phoenicopteridae

Harrisonavis

Phoenicopterus

Phoenicoparrus

Paleobiology

Juncitarsus is known from both the Bridger Formation of Wyoming and the Messel Pit of Germany dating from the Ypresian to the Lutetian stages of the Eocene epoch. Based on the available evidence, Juncitarsus was a colonial species of wading bird.[1][2] Despite this wading lifestyle, this is actually a derived featured for this genus in respect to later mirandornitheans as it is believed this was required independently between Phoenicopteriformes and Juncitarsus. This is due the hypothesis that the common ancestor of grebes and flamingos was that of a swimming waterbird and not a wader. Furthermore Juncitarsus lacks some of the derived features that are seen in extant mirandornitheans.[6][7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Olson, S. L.; Feduccia, A. (1980). "Relationship and evolution of flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 316: 1–73.
  2. ^ a b c Peters, D. S. (1987). "Juncitarsus merkeli, n. sp. stutz die Ableitung der Flamingos von Regenpfeifervogeln (Aves: Charadriiformes: Phoenicopteridae)". Courier Forchungsinstitut Senckenberg. 97: 141–155.
  3. ^ Mayr, G. (February 2004). "Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 140 (2): 157–169. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00094.x.
  4. ^ Sangster, G. (July 2005). "A name for the flamingo-grebe clade". Ibis. 147 (3): 612–615. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00432.x.
  5. ^ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (12 December 2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  6. ^ a b Mayr, G. (2014) The Eocene Juncitarsus – its phylogenetic position and significance for the evolution and higher-level affinities of flamingos and grebes. Comptes Rendus Palevol. 13(1):9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.07.005
  7. ^ a b Torres, C. R.; De Pietri, V. L.; Louchart, A.; Van Tuinen, M. (2015). "New cranial material of the earliest filter feeding flamingo Harrisonavis croizeti (Aves, Phoenicopteridae) informs the evolution of the highly specialized filter feeding apparatus" (PDF). Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 15 (3): 609–618. doi:10.1007/s13127-015-0209-7. S2CID 18198929.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Juncitarsus: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Juncitarsus is an extinct genus of wading birds from the Eocene of the United States and Germany. Though previously considered a flamingo, it is likely a stem-flamingo, possibly a relative of the group which contains both flamingos and grebes (Mirandornithes).

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Juncitarsus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Juncitarsus es un género extinto de ave limícola que vivió durante el Eoceno en los Estados Unidos y en Alemania.[1]​ Aunque anteriormente se consideró que era una especie de flamenco prehistórico,[2]​ es más probable que se trate de un miembro más primitivo del linaje de los flamencos, posiblemente un pariente del grupo que contiene tanto a los flamencos como a los somormujos (Mirandornithes).[3]

Referencias

  1. Peters, D. S. 1987. Juncitarsus merkeli, n. sp. stutz die Ableitung der Flamingos von Regenpfeifervogeln (Aves: Charadriiformes: Phoenicopteridae). Courier Forchungsinstitut Senckenberg 97:141-155.
  2. Olson, S.L. And Feduccia, A. 1980. Relationship and evolution of flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 316:1-73.
  3. Mayr, G. (2004). Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 140(2), 157-169.
 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Juncitarsus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Juncitarsus es un género extinto de ave limícola que vivió durante el Eoceno en los Estados Unidos y en Alemania.​ Aunque anteriormente se consideró que era una especie de flamenco prehistórico,​ es más probable que se trate de un miembro más primitivo del linaje de los flamencos, posiblemente un pariente del grupo que contiene tanto a los flamencos como a los somormujos (Mirandornithes).​

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Juncitarsus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il juncitarso (gen. Juncitarsus) è un uccello estinto, imparentato con i fenicotteri. Visse nell'Eocene medio (circa 45 milioni di anni fa) e i suoi resti sono stati ritrovati in Europa e Nordamerica.

Descrizione

L'aspetto di questo animale doveva essere molto simile a quello dell'odierno cavaliere d'Italia (Himantopus himantopus): le zampe erano allungatissime, il becco era sottile e il collo moderatamente allungato. La taglia di Juncitarsus era intermedia tra quella di una grossa avocetta (Recurvirostra avosetta) e quella di un piccolo fenicottero (Phoenicopterus minor). Il becco diritto non aveva ancora mostrato la tendenza ad incurvarsi, come nei fenicotteri attuali, e probabilmente non era ancora avvenuta una vera specializzazione per nutrirsi filtrando l'acqua.

Classificazione

Nonostante l'aspetto primitivo e poco differenziato dagli uccelli caradriiformi (Charadriiformes), Juncitarsus è considerato già appartenente al gruppo dei fenicotteri (Phoenicopteriformes), a causa di alcune caratteristiche dello scheletro. Questo animale è considerato quindi una sorta di “mosaico” tra caradriiformi e veri fenicotteri; i fossili inoltre suggerirebbero che i fenicotteri non siano imparentati con i ciconiiformi (come precedentemente ritenuto) ma siano derivati da caradriiformi primitivi. Di questo animale sono note due specie: Juncitarsus gracillimus, rinvenuto nel Wyoming, e J. merkeli, della Germania.

Stile di vita

Questo uccello probabilmente viveva in colonie, dal momento che sono stati ritrovati numerosi esemplari giovani di J. gracillimus, troppo piccoli per volare, in uno stesso sito fossilifero. Le ossa frontali di uno di questi reperti indicano inoltre che erano presenti depressioni per ospitare le ghiandole del sale; ciò indicherebbe un habitat di acqua salata per questi animali: questa caratteristica accomuna Juncitarsus con i moderni fenicotteri che abitano laghi salati.

Bibliografia

  • Olson, S.L. And Feduccia, A. 1980. Relationship and evolution of flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 316:1-73.
  • Peters, D. S. 1987. Juncitarsus merkeli, n. sp. stutz die Ableitung der Flamingos von Regenpfeifervogeln (Aves: Charadriiformes: Phoenicopteridae). Courier Forchungsinstitut Senckenberg 97:141-155.

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT

Juncitarsus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il juncitarso (gen. Juncitarsus) è un uccello estinto, imparentato con i fenicotteri. Visse nell'Eocene medio (circa 45 milioni di anni fa) e i suoi resti sono stati ritrovati in Europa e Nordamerica.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT