Amaranthus albus L.

The name Amaranthus graecizans, which refers to a species of Old World origin, has been misapplied to both A. albus and A. blitoides in earlier North American floras and manuals.

Southwestern plants differing from typical Amaranthus albus in having viscid pubescence and usually distinctly crisped leaf margins may be recognized as var. pubescens; they were occasionally treated as a separate species, A. pubescens.

Amaranthus albus and A. blitoides are rather often confused in herbaria. The species are easily distinguished by their seed size and luster.

Plants annual, glabrous or glabrescent or viscid-pubescent. Stems usually erect, ascending proximally, rarely almost prostrate, much-branched, bushy (large plants forming tumbleweeds), 0.1-1 m. Leaves: petiole ¹/2 as long as blade, or longer in young proximal leaves; blade obovate to narrowly spatulate, mostly 0.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, early proximal leaves to 8 cm, base tapering, narrowly cuneate, margins entire, plane (or ± distinctly undulate), apex obtuse, with whitish or yellowish, subspinescent mucro. Inflorescences axillary glomerules, green, whitish green, or yellowish. Bracts of pistillate flowers subulate to linear-lanceolate, narrow, 2-3 mm, 2 times as long as tepals. Pistillate flowers: tepals 3, narrowly ovate to linear, slightly unequal, 1-1.5 mm, thin, apex acute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers intermixed with pistillate; tepals 3; stamens 3. Utricles ellipsoid-ovoid, 1.5 mm, equaling or exceeding tepals, smooth proximally, coarsely rugose distally, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds dark reddish brown to black, lenticular, 0.6-1 mm diam., shiny.

Stem erect or ascending, greenish white, 30-50 cm tall, branched from base, glabrous or strigose. Petiole 3-5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate or spatulate, 0.5-2 cm, glabrous, base narrowing to petiole, margin slightly undulate, apex obtuse or notched, with a mucro. Flowers in axillary clusters or short terminal spikes. Bracts and bracteoles subulate, 2-2.5 mm, slightly rigid, apex acute. Tepals ca. 1 mm, shorter than bracts, membranous; male flowers oblong, apex acuminate; female ones oblong or subulate, apex short acuminate. Stamens longer than perianth; stigmas 3. Utricles brownish black, obovate, 1.2-1.5 mm, rugose, circumscissile. Seeds black to brownish black, subglobose, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 32.

introduced; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Mexico; introduced and often successfully naturalized in South America, Eurasia, Africa, Australia.

Flowering summer-fall.

Disturbed habitats, waste places, vacant areas, railroads, streambanks, sandy areas, roadsides, agricultural fields; 0-2200m.

Roadsides, waste places, near houses. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Japan, Russia; Europe, North America].

Amaranthus albus var. pubescens (Uline & W. L. Bray) Fernald; A. pubescens (Uline & W. L. Bray) Rydberg

Amaranthus gracilentus H. W. Kung.