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Charaxes solon ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Charaxes solon (Synonym: Charaxes fabius) ist ein in Asien vorkommender Schmetterling aus der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae). Im englischen Sprachgebrauch wird er als Black Rajah (Schwarzer Herrscher) bezeichnet.

Merkmale

Falter

Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von 70 bis 80 Millimetern, wobei die Weibchen etwas größer als die Männchen sind. Bei beiden Geschlechtern hebt sich auf der dunkelbraunen Flügeloberseite eine breite cremefarbene bis gelbliche, aus Flecken gebildete Binde ab. Die Zeichnungselemente sind bei den Weibchen meist etwas intensiver ausgebildet als bei den Männchen. Die Hinterflügel zeigen außerdem eine gelbbraune Randbinde sowie zwei Schwänzchen. Die silbergrauen bis gelbbraunen Flügelunterseiten sind mit Streifen und Flecken gemustert.

Raupe

Die Raupen sind grün gefärbt. Sie ähneln Nacktschnecken. Ihre Kopfkapsel trägt zwei große sowie zwei kleine Hörner, die an den Enden jeweils rotbraun gefärbt sind. Am Analsegment befinden sich zwei bräunliche Spitzen. Sie sind auf der gesamten Körperoberfläche mit sehr kurzen, gelben Tuberkeln versehen.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Die Verbreitung von Charaxes solon erstreckt sich durch Indien. Die Art kommt außerdem in Indonesien, Malaysia, Bhutan, Myanmar sowie auf Sri Lanka und den Philippinen vor. In den Vorkommensgebieten werden 15 Unterarten genannt.[1] Die Art bewohnt offene und bewaldete sowie ebenso auch hügelige Gebiete.

Lebensweise

 src=
Falter an Exkrement saugend

Die Falter von Charaxes solon saugen zur Nahrungsaufnahme gerne an Baumwunden, Exkrementen oder überreifen Früchten. Sofern diese Nahrungsquellen nicht zur Verfügung stehen, wird auch Blütennektar als Ersatz angenommen.[2] Die gelbgrünen Eier werden auf der Oberseite der Blätter der Nahrungspflanze abgelegt. Die Raupen ernähren sich von den Blättern verschiedener Hülsenfrüchtler (Fabaceae), beispielsweise vom Tamarindenbaum (Tamarindus indica) sowie von Bauhinia racemosa, Dalbergia sissoo oder Pithecellobium dulce.[3] Details zur Lebensweise der Art müssen noch erforscht werden.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Markku Savela: Tanaecia Butler, (1869) - Verbreitung und Unterarten. In: Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Abgerufen am 16. Dezember 2018 (englisch).
  2. Rajashree Bhuyan, Priyadarshini B. Pandhakar und Peter Smetacek: Two typically fruit and sap feeding Indian butterflies shift to flower nectar (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N. F. 34 (4), 2014, S. 218–220
  3. India Biodiversity Portal
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Charaxes solon: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Charaxes solon (Synonym: Charaxes fabius) ist ein in Asien vorkommender Schmetterling aus der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae). Im englischen Sprachgebrauch wird er als Black Rajah (Schwarzer Herrscher) bezeichnet.

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Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia DE

Charaxes solon ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Charaxes solon, the black rajah,[2][3] is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae).[1][2][3][4]

Description

Underside

The black rajah is a medium-sized butterfly with a 70- to 80-mm wingspan. Above, the butterfly is dark brownish black with greenish or white discal bands across both the wings. The band is broken into spots towards the apex of the fore wing. The hind wing has two similar-sized tails at veins 2 and 4. These tails are longer in the females and more pointed in the males.[5]

Egg

Its egg is transparent yellow and spherical, with longitudinal ridges. It has a dark red, uneven band around its upper half.

Caterpillar

The caterpillar is dark green with irregular rows of yellow tubercles. The caterpillar is cylindrical and may have a round white blotch on the seventh segment. The head is curved out and has horns and spines. The pupa is short and dark green, with a lateral longitudinal line marbled with white.[6]

Range

The butterfly is found in South and Southeast Asia. It occurs in Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Indochina, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and the Philippines (Palawan, Sulu Archipelago). In India, the butterfly occurs in South India, and the Himalayas from Kumaon, Sikkim, into Bhutan, through Assam, and onto Myanmar. At least in South Asia, it is not rare.[2][3][7][8]

Ecology

The black rajah is generally a low-elevation butterfly and can be found at altitudes up to 1950 m (6500 feet) ASL.

The caterpillars generally feed on Fabaceae, such as tamarind Tamarindus indica.[6] At least on Borneo but probably elsewhere too, adults do generally not visit carrion or old fruit to drink liquids.[9]

Gallery

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charaxes solon.
Wikispecies has information related to Charaxes solon.
  1. ^ a b Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Moore, Frederic (1893–1896). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. II. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 249–252.
  2. ^ a b c Savela, Markku. "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816 Charaxes Rajahs". Tree of life - insecta - lepidoptera. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  3. ^ a b c R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 157. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
  4. ^ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1907). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis. pp. 217–218.
  5. ^ Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329. pp. 146-147
  6. ^ a b Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation. p.151
  7. ^ Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation. p.151
  8. ^ Savela, Markku. "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  9. ^ Hamer, K.C.; Hill, J.K.; Benedick, S.; Mustaffa, N.; Chey, V.K. & Maryati, M. (2006): Diversity and ecology of carrion- and fruit-feeding butterflies in Bornean rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22: 25–33. doi:10.1017/S0266467405002750 (HTML abstract)
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Charaxes solon: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Charaxes solon, the black rajah, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae).

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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
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wikipedia EN

Charaxes solon ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Charases solon est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères appartenant à la famille des Nymphalidae, à la sous-famille des Charaxinae et au genre Charaxes qui réside en Australasie.

Dénomination

Charaxes solon a été nommé par Johan Christian Fabricius en 1793 sous le nom de Papilio solon [1]

Sous-espèces

  • Charaxes solon solon dans le sud de l'Inde.
Synonymie pour cette sous-espèce :
Charaxes fabius fabius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1900)[2]
  • Charaxes solon catulus (Fruhstorfer, 1914)[3]
  • Charaxes solon cerynthus (Fruhstorfer, 1914)[3] au Sri Lanka.
  • Charaxes solon cunctator (Fruhstorfer, 1914)[4] dans toute l'Indochine.
Synonymie pour cette sous-espèce :
Charaxes fabius echo (Rothschild & Jordan, 1898) [6]
  • Charaxes solon hannibal (Butler, 1869)[7] au nord du Sulawesi.
Synonymie pour cette sous-espèce :
Charaxes fabius hannibal (Rothschild & Jordan, 1898) [8]
  • Charaxes solon jordani (Fruhstorfer, 1914)[3] au sud du Sulawesi.
Synonymie pour cette sous-espèce :
Eriboea lampedo (Hübner, 1823)[9] - protonyme
Charaxes zephyrus (Butler, 1869)[10]
Charaxes lampedo (Butler,1866)[11]
Charaxes fabius lampedo (Rothschild & Jordan, 1900) [12]
Synonymie pour cette sous-espèce :
Charaxes fabius sulphureus (Rothschild, 1900)

Noms vernaculaires

Il n'y a pas de nom vernaculaire en français. Il se nomme Black Rajah en anglais, Pale Black Rajah pour Charaxes solon solon et Sulphur Black Rajah pour Charaxes solon sulphureus

Description

Charaxes solon est un grand papillon d'une envergure de 70 à 80 mm au dessus marron avec deux queues aux ailes postérieures, une bande discale formée de grosses taches jaune clair, et une ligne submarginale de discrètes petits points jaune clair.

Le dessous est beige argenté.

 src=
Charaxes solon en Inde

Chenille

La chenille est verte marquée de jaune.

Biologie

Plantes hôtes

Les plantes hôtes de la chenille sont des Tamarindus dont Tamarindus indica.

Écologie et distribution

Il est présent en Asie du Sud-Est, Inde, Sri Lanka, Birmanie ainsi qu'en Malaisie, aux Philippines, au Sulawesi, à Bornéo et Sumatra[14]

Biotope

Il réside habituellement en altitude jusqu'à 1 950 mètres.

Protection

Notes et références

  1. Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 69, n. 216
  2. Rothschild & Jordan, 1900, Novit. zool. 7 (3) : 468
  3. a b c et d Fruhstorfer, 1914; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 731
  4. Fruhstorfer, 1914; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 730
  5. Butler, 1867; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (3) 20 (120) : 400, pl. 8, f. 5, 6
  6. Rothschild & Jordan, 1898, Novit. zool. 5 (4): pl. 7, f. 2
  7. Butler, 1869; Lepid. Exotica (2): 14, pl. 6, f. 5
  8. Rothschild & Jordan, 1898, Novit. zool. 5 (4): pl. 7, f. 1
  9. Hübner, [1823]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. 52
  10. Butler, 1869; Cistula ent. 1 (1) : 5
  11. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (3) : 628
  12. Rothschild & Jordan, 1900, Novit. zool. 7 (3) : 465
  13. Rothschild, 1900; in Rothschild & Jordan, Novit. zool. 7 (3) : 466
  14. a et b Funet
  15. Rhé-Philipe, 1908; Rec. Ind. Mus. 2 (3): 285
  16. Rothschild, 1898; in Rothschild & Jordan, Novit. zool. 5 (4): pl. 7
  17. Rothschild, 1900; in Rothschild & Jordan, Novit. zool. 7 (3) : 468

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wikipedia FR

Charaxes solon: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Charases solon est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères appartenant à la famille des Nymphalidae, à la sous-famille des Charaxinae et au genre Charaxes qui réside en Australasie.

licença
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Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia FR

Charaxes solon ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Charaxes solon, atau Black Rajah, adalah kupu-kupu yang termasuk dalam kelompok keluarga Nymphalidae dan sub-keluarga Charaxinae.

 src=
Underside

Gallery

File:Black Rajah (Charaxes solon) in Kawal WS, AP W IMG 1803.jpg|in Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary, India. File:Black Rajah (Charaxes solon) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0782.jpg|in Narsapur, Medak district, India. Image:Black Rajah (Charaxes solon) on Cassia fistula (Amaltas) at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7167 .jpg| in Hyderabad, India. Image:Black Rajah (Charaxes solon) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9463.jpg| in Hyderabad, India. Image:Charaxes solon at MNP.jpg|Black Rajah resting on Pongamia pinnata trunk in Mumbai at MAhim Nature Park [1] by MMRDA

Nota kaki


Rujukan

  • Evans, W.H. (1932): The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
  • Gaonkar, Harish (1996): Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore, India & Natural History Museum, London, UK.
  • Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac & Punetha, J.C. (1992): Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.
  • Hamer, K.C.; Hill, J.K.; Benedick, S.; Mustaffa, N.; Chey, V.K. & Maryati, M. (2006): Diversity and ecology of carrion- and fruit-feeding butterflies in Bornean rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22: 25–33. doi:10.1017/S0266467405002750 (HTML abstract)
  • Haribal, Meena (1992): Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History. Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation, Gangtok, Sikkim.
  • Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000): Butterflies of Peninsular India (2006 reprint). University Press, India.
  • Savela, Markku (2007): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Charaxes. Version of 2007-JUN-05. Retrieved 2007-SEP-08.
  • Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957): Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Pengarang dan editor Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia MS

Charaxes solon: Brief Summary ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Charaxes solon, atau Black Rajah, adalah kupu-kupu yang termasuk dalam kelompok keluarga Nymphalidae dan sub-keluarga Charaxinae.

 src= Underside
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Pengarang dan editor Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia MS

Charaxes solon ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Insecten

Charaxes solon is een vlinder uit de familie van de Nymphalidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1793 door Johann Christian Fabricius.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
01-04-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Charaxes solon ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Rajah Đen (Charaxes solon) là một loài bướm trong họ Nymphalidae, được tìm thấy ở vùng nhiệt đới của châu Á. Sải cánh từ 70–80 mm.

Phạm vi phân bố của loài bướm này ở Nam ÁĐông Nam Á. Nó hiện diện ở Sri Lanka, Ấn Độ, Myanma, Đông Dương, bán đảo Mã Lai, Singapore, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines (Palawan, quần đảo Sulu). Tại Ấn Độ, loài bướm này xuất hiện ở Nam Ấn Độ và bên phải Himalaya từ Kumaon, Sikkim, vào Bhutan, qua Assam và vào Myanma. Ít nhất tại Nam Á, nó không phải là loài hiếm hoi.[1]. Con sâu bướm thường ăn loài Fabaceae, như Tamarindus indica[2]. Ít nhất ở Borneo nhưng cũng có thể cây khác[3].

Hình ảnh

Ghi chú

  1. ^ Haribal (1994): p.151; see also Savela (2007) for references.
  2. ^ Haribal (1994): p.151
  3. ^ Hamer et al. (2006)

Tham khảo

  • Evans, W.H. (1932): The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
  • Gaonkar, Harish (1996): Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (bao gồm Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore, India & Natural History Museum, London, UK.
  • Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac & Punetha, J.C. (1992): Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.
  • Hamer, K.C.; Hill, J.K.; Benedick, S.; Mustaffa, N.; Chey, V.K. & Maryati, M. (2006): Diversity and ecology of carrion- and fruit-feeding butterflies in Bornean rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22: 25–33.doi:10.1017/S0266467405002750 (HTML abstract)
  • Haribal, Meena (1992): Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History. Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation, Gangtok, Sikkim.
  • Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000): Butterflies of Peninsular India (2006 reprint). University Press, India.
  • Savela, Markku (2007): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Charaxes. Version of 2007-JUN-05. Truy cập 2007-SEP-08.
  • Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957): Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Charaxes solon: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Rajah Đen (Charaxes solon) là một loài bướm trong họ Nymphalidae, được tìm thấy ở vùng nhiệt đới của châu Á. Sải cánh từ 70–80 mm.

Phạm vi phân bố của loài bướm này ở Nam ÁĐông Nam Á. Nó hiện diện ở Sri Lanka, Ấn Độ, Myanma, Đông Dương, bán đảo Mã Lai, Singapore, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Philippines (Palawan, quần đảo Sulu). Tại Ấn Độ, loài bướm này xuất hiện ở Nam Ấn Độ và bên phải Himalaya từ Kumaon, Sikkim, vào Bhutan, qua Assam và vào Myanma. Ít nhất tại Nam Á, nó không phải là loài hiếm hoi.. Con sâu bướm thường ăn loài Fabaceae, như Tamarindus indica. Ít nhất ở Borneo nhưng cũng có thể cây khác.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

鎖龍螯蛺蝶 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Charaxes solon
(Fabricius, 1793) 亞種

有16個亞種,詳閱正文。

鎖龍螯蛺蝶(學名:Charaxes solon)是屬於蛺蝶科螯蛺蝶亞科的一種蝴蝶,是螯蛺蝶屬的一種。分佈於印度、中南半島至印尼一帶,模式產地為印度南部的特蘭奎巴[1]。幼蟲的寄主為豆目各科中,金合歡屬檀屬猴耳環屬酸豆屬等植物[2]

亞種

圖集

  •  src=

    幼蟲及蛹

  •  src=

    成蟲翅面

  •  src=

    成蟲翅底

  •  src=

    吸糞

  •  src=

    吸果汁

腳註

  1. ^ Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 69, n. 216
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 186
  3. ^ Fabricius, 1781; Spec. Ins. 2: 12
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Fruhstorfer, 1914; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
  5. ^ Butler, 1867; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (3) 20 (120): 400, pl. 8, f. 5, 6
  6. ^ Butler, 1869; Lepid. Exotica (2): 14, pl. 6, f. 5
  7. ^ Hübner, [1823]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2: pl. 52, f. 3-4
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Rothschild, 1900; Novit. zool. 7 (3): 466, 468
  9. ^ Rhé-Philipe, 1908; Rec. Ind. Mus. 2 (3): 285
  10. ^ Rothschild, 1898; Novit. zool. 5 (4): pl. 7

參考文獻

  • Hanafusa, H. 1989: New species and subspecies of butterflies from South East Asia. Futao (SSN 0916-1112) 1: 3–10.
licença
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direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

鎖龍螯蛺蝶: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

鎖龍螯蛺蝶(學名:Charaxes solon)是屬於蛺蝶科螯蛺蝶亞科的一種蝴蝶,是螯蛺蝶屬的一種。分佈於印度、中南半島至印尼一帶,模式產地為印度南部的特蘭奎巴。幼蟲的寄主為豆目各科中,金合歡屬檀屬猴耳環屬酸豆屬等植物。

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科