Benefits
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
The Atlantic Spanish mackerel is a valued fish to recreational or commercial fisheries throughout its range.The fisheries along the Atlantic US coast north of southern Florida, and in the Gulf of Mexico are seasonal between spring and late summer or fall, depending on species migrations, while in southern Florida operations are concentrated in the winter months, from October to February or March (Klima, 1959). Since 1950, over 92% of the total US catch has been landed in Florida (Trent & Anthony, 1979). The species is second in volume among Mexico's Gulf of Mexico fisheries with an average annual production of 4 900 metric tons in the period from 1968 to 1976 (Doi & Mendizabal, 1979), most of which is landed in the state of Veracruz (80%). Catches from Campeche amounted to 15%, and those from Yucatan to 5% of the Mexican total. After substracting the catches reported as S. maculatus that should be attributed to S. brasiliensis, S. cavalla, and S. regalis (in the case of catches reported by Cuba and the Dominican Republic), the world catch of Atlantic Spanish mackerel ranged between about 15 000 t in 1975 and 14 000 t in 1981 (FAO, 1983). The early fishery in the USA utilized trolling lines, gillnets, and pound nets (Earll, 1883). Fish taken by the commercial gillnet fishery in Florida range between 30 and 65 cm fork length, larger than hooks and lines caughtfish (21 to 69 cm fork length). The minimum acceptable fork length in those days was 30 cm. Gillnet catches comprised predominantly 3 year old fish from 36 to 41 cm fork length (Klima, 1959). Larger vessels now entering the fishery have power-rollers to mechanically retrieve the nets which are mostly made of nylon; airplane spotter pilots locate the fish (Trent & Anthony, 1979). Recreational anglers catch Spanish mackerel from boats while trolling or drifting and from boats, piers, jetties, and beaches by casting, livebait fishing, jigging, and drift fishing (Trent & Anthony, 1979). Fishermen in Veracruz employ beach seines (chinchorros playeras), gillnets (redes agalleras), trolling lures (curricanes), and trap nets (almadrabas). Nearly all the catch is consumed fresh, frozen, or smoked (Lyles, 1969). A few attempts have been made at canning Atlantic Spanish mackerel but the product has not been widely accepted (Lyles, 1969). Frozen fish begin to show signs of rancidity after as little as three months time in frozen storage. Therefore, they are now being treated with antioxidants and EDTA (Farragut, 1972; Hale, 1979).The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 10 046 t. The countries with the largest catches were Mexico (8 382 t) and USA (1 362 t).
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
An epipelagic, neriticspecies known to migrate in large schools over great distances along the shore. With increasing water temperatures, Atlantic Spanish mackerel move northward, from Florida along the Atlantic coast of the USA to Narraganset Bay, Rhode Island, between late February and July, and back in fall. It overwinters off Florida. There are also schools migrating westwards in early spring, reaching Texas in late March. North-south movements along the Mexican coast occur between August and November and back in March and April. S. maculatus spawn in batches from May to September in waters of less than 50 m depth over the inner continental shelf of Texas, from July to September (or as early as April in some years) off Florida, starting in April off the Carolinas, and from late August to late September in the northernmost part of its range. Larvae have been encountered in surface waters with temperature ranging between 19.6 and 29.8° C and salinitles of 28.3 to 37.4° S (McEachran, Finucane & Hall, 1980). As with other members of the genus, food consists mainly of small fishes with lesser quantities of penaeoid shrimps and cephalopods. Clupeoids such as menhaden, alewives, thread herring (Opisthonema), and anchovies (Anchoa) are particularly important forage in North Carolina, Florida, Texas, and Veracruz. The percentage of anchovies consumed is higher for juveniles than for adults.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Size
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Maximum size is about 77 cm fork length and 4.8 kg weight (Beardsley & Richards, 1970). Females grow larger than males. The all-tackle angling record 1b a 4.02 kg fish with a fork length of 83 cm taken at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in June 1982. In Florida, females attain sexual maturity between 25 and 37 cm fork length, males between 28 and 34 cm (Klima, 1959).
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Seasonal along Atlantic coast of the United States from Cape Cod to Miami and Gulf of Mexico coast from Florida to Yucatan.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Gillrakers on first arch moderate: 1 to 4 on upper limb; 8 to 13 on lower limb, usually 10 or 11; 10 to 16 total. First dorsal fin with 17 to 19 spines; second dorsal with 17 to 20 rays, usually 18 or more, followed by 7 to 9 finlets; anal fin with 17 to 20 rays, followed by 7 to 10 finlets; pectoral fin rays 20 to 23, modally 21. Lateral line gradually curving down toward caudal peduncle; pelvic fins relatively long, 4.6 to 5.8% of fork length, compared to S. brasiliensis (3.6 to 5.9%). Vertebrae 21 or 22 precaudal plus 30 or 31 caudal, total 51 to 53. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Colour: sides silvery marked with about three rows of round to elliptical dark spots (orange in life); first dorsal fin black anteriorly and at distal margin posteriorly, basal part of posterior membranes white.
- Alcantara, (1972)
- Berrien & Finan, (1977a)
- Earll, (1883)
- Friusche, (1978, on larvae and juveniles)
- Klima, (1959, Florida)
- MArquez, (1973, Mexico)
- Mendoza, (1968, Mexico)
- Powell, (1975, Florida)
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B. & C.E. Nauen 1983.. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Migration
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Interpelvic process small and bifid. Lateral line gradually curving down toward caudal peduncle. Vertebrae 21-22 precaudal plus 30-31 caudal, total 51-53. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Swim bladder absent. Body covered with small scales. First dorsal fin black anteriorly and at distal margin posteriorly. Generally silvery with sides marked with about three rows of round to elliptical dark spots (orange in life).
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Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Caligus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Morphology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 17 - 19; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 20; Analsoft rays: 17 - 20; Vertebrae: 51 - 53
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Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Migrates northward from Florida along the Atlantic coast of the USA to Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island bet. Late Feb.-Jul., and back in fall. It overwinters in Florida. There are schools migrating westwards in early spring, reaching Texas in late March. North-south movements along the Mexican coast occur between Aug.-Nov. and back in Mar.-Apr. Feeds mainly on small fishes (clupeoids and anchovies), few quantities of penaeoid shrimps and cephalopods. Juveniles have a higher percentage of anchovies in their diet than adults. Piscivore (Ref. 57616). Casting, live-bait fishing, jigging, and drift fishing are also employed in capturing this species. Aerial spotting is sometimes used in locating the fish.
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Biology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Migrates in large schools over great distances along the shore. Larvae are found in surface waters between 19.6° and 29.8°C with salinities of 28.3 to 37.4 ppt. Feeds mainly on small fishes (clupeoids and anchovies), few quantities of penaeoid shrimps and cephalopods. Casting, live-bait fishing, jigging, and drift fishing are also employed in capturing this species. Aerial spotting is sometimes used in locating the fish. Marketed fresh, frozen or smoked; eaten pan-fried, broiled and baked.
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- FishBase
Importance
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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Scomberomorus maculatus
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Scomberomorus maculatus és una espècie de peix de la família dels escòmbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Els mascles poden assolir els 91 cm de longitud total i els 5.890 g de pes.[3]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a l'Atlàntic occidental: des del Canadà fins a les costes del Golf de Mèxic, incloent-hi Florida (Estats Units) i Yucatán (Mèxic).[3]
Referències
-
↑ Lacepède B. G. E. 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 3. i-lxvi + 1-558.
-
↑ BioLib
-
↑ 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)
Bibliografia
- Collette, B.B. i C.E. Nauen., 1983. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Mitchill, S. L. 1815. The fishes of New York described and arranged. Trans. Lit. Phil. Soc. N. Y. v. 1: 355-492, Pls. 1-6.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
En altres projectes de
Wikimedia:
Commons (Galeria) Commons (Categoria) 
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- Autors i editors de Wikipedia
Scomberomorus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Scomberomorus maculatus és una espècie de peix de la família dels escòmbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
- licença
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Scomberomorus maculatus
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Scomberomorus maculatus ist ein mariner Raubfisch aus der Familie der Makrelen und Thunfische. Für den Menschen ist er sowohl in der kommerziellen Fischerei als auch als Sportfisch von Bedeutung.[1]
Beschreibung
Die erste Rückenflosse, deren vorderster Teil schwarz gefärbt ist, besteht aus 17 bis 19 Hartstrahlen, die zweite aus 17 bis 20 Weichstrahlen. Darauf folgen sieben bis neun Flössel. Die Afterflosse hat wie die zweite Rückenflosse 17 bis 20 Weichstrahlen, dahinter sieben bis zehn Flössel. Die Schwanzflosse ist groß und tief gespalten. Die Bauchflossen sind sehr klein. Die Brustflossen setzen auf der Körpermitte an. Der spindelförmige Körper erreicht eine Maximallänge von 91 Zentimetern.[1] Eine Schwimmblase ist nicht vorhanden. Die Seitenlinie verläuft sehr regelmäßig, ab der zweiten Rückenflosse fällt ihr Verlauf leicht ab. Auf den Flanken ist Scomberomorus maculatus silbrig-bläulich glänzend, entlang der Seitenlinie verlaufen drei übereinander liegende Reihen dunkler Flecken.
Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Lebensweise
Scomberomorus maculatus bewohnt den Kontinentalschelf im Golf von Mexiko und um die Ostküste Nordamerikas bis etwa 19° Nord, Florida und die Großen Antillen. Vor den Bahamas ist die Art nicht vertreten.[1] Bevorzugt werden Wassertiefen von 10 bis 35 Metern.[1]
Scomberomorus maculatus ist ein Raubfisch, der sich vor allem von kleinen Fischen wie Sardellen, selten aber auch von Krebstieren und Kopffüßern ernährt.[1] Oft halten sie sich in großen Gruppen in Küstengewässern auf.
Quellen
Literatur
- Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen: Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date (= FAO Species Catalogue. Bd. 2 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Nr. 125, Bd. 2). United Nations Development Programme u. a., Rom 1983, ISBN 92-5-101381-0, (Vollständige Ausgabe).
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ a b c d e Scomberomorus maculatus auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
Weblinks
– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
-
Scomberomorus maculatus auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
-
Scomberomorus maculatus auf der Seite der FAO
-
Scomberomorus maculatus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2013.1. Eingestellt von: Collette, B., Boustany, A., Carpenter, K.E., Fox, W., Graves, J., Juan Jorda, M., Nelson, R. & Oxenford, H., 2011. Abgerufen am 3. Oktober 2013.
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Scomberomorus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Scomberomorus maculatus ist ein mariner Raubfisch aus der Familie der Makrelen und Thunfische. Für den Menschen ist er sowohl in der kommerziellen Fischerei als auch als Sportfisch von Bedeutung.
- licença
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- Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
Scomberomorus maculatus
(
Nan
)
fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
Scomberomorus maculatus sī chi̍t khoán chheng-kho (Scombridae), bé-ka-sio̍k (Scomberomorus) ê hî.
Chham-khó chu-liāu
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Scomberomorus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Nan
)
fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
Scomberomorus maculatus sī chi̍t khoán chheng-kho (Scombridae), bé-ka-sio̍k (Scomberomorus) ê hî.
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Atlantic Spanish mackerel
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
The Atlantic Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) is a migratory species of mackerel that swims to the northern Gulf of Mexico in spring, returns to southern Florida in the eastern Gulf, and to Mexico in the western Gulf in the fall.
Description
The fish exhibits a green back; its sides are silvery marked with about three rows of round to elliptical yellow spots. Lateral line gradually curving down from the upper end of the gill cover toward caudal peduncle. The first (spiny) dorsal fin is black at the front. Posterior membranes are white with a black edge. Its single row of cutting edged teeth in each jaw (around sixty-four teeth in all) are large, uniform, closely spaced and flattened from side to side. As with the King mackerel and the Cero mackerel, these teeth look very similar to those of the Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix. Spanish Mackerel can grow (rarely) to 36-37 inches and weigh up to 14 pounds.
Distribution/habitat
Spanish mackerel occur seasonally from the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico, as far north as Cape Cod, Massachusetts. They are a shallow water species, preferring sand bottom in depths of 10 to 40 feet (3 to 12 m), occasionally found as deep as 80 feet (24 m).
Migration patterns
It appears that one Atlantic and one or more Gulf groups of Spanish mackerel occur in Florida waters. With rising water temperatures, the Atlantic group migrates along the Atlantic coast of the United States from Miami, Florida, beginning in late February through July reaching as far as southern Cape Cod, Massachusetts, then returning in fall. An Eastern Gulf group moves northward from the Florida Keys during late winter and spring, appearing off the central West Coast of Florida about April 1. Movement continues westward and terminates along the northern Texas coast. During fall, this group migrates back to its wintering grounds in the Keys.
Life history
The Gulf group of Spanish mackerel spawn in batches from May to September off shore of Texas, off the Gulf shore of Florida as early as April in some years. The Atlantic group spawns starting in April off the Carolinas and from late August to late September in the northernmost part of its range. Spanish mackerel mature by age-1 at a fork length (FL) of 14 inches (36 cm). Females live longer and grow to larger sizes than males. Females may live as long as 11 years, growing to 11 pounds (5.0 kg) and 33 inches (84 cm) FL. Males reach about age-6 and 19 inches (48 cm) FL.[3]
Feeding habits
Spanish mackerel are carnivores. As with other members of the genus, food consists mainly of small fishes with lesser quantities of shrimp and squid. Striped anchovies (Engraulidae) and clupeoids such as menhaden, alewives and thread herring (Opisthonema), are particularly important forage in North Carolina, Florida, Texas, and Veracruz. The percentage of anchovies consumed is higher for juveniles than for adults.
Fisheries
Commercial capture of Atlantic mackerel in tonnes from 1950 to 2009
Fishing gear and methods
Spanish mackerel are a highly valued fish throughout their range from North Carolina to Texas. Recreational anglers catch Spanish mackerel from boats while trolling or drifting and from boats, piers, jetties, and beaches by casting spoons and jigs and live-bait fishing. Fast lure retrieves are key to catching these quick fish. Commercial methods are primarily run-around gill netting, and rarely, by trolling lures similar to those used by recreational anglers.
On November 4, 1987, Woody Outlaw caught a world-record 13 pound Spanish mackerel[4] on a blue and white Sea Witch with a strip of fastback menhaden on a 7/0 hook, held by a Shimano bait-casting reel on a Kuna rod with 30-pound test line.[5]
Management
Spanish mackerel are managed in commercial and recreation fisheries with bag limits, size limits, commercial trip limits, and with only seasonal fishing allowed. The management of mackerel has been considered a success because the population used to be in decline, but is now on the rise without overfishing occurring.
As food
Spanish mackerel are primarily marketed fresh or frozen as fillets as commercially caught fish are too small to sell in the form of steaks. Their raw flesh is white. They may be prepared by broiling, frying, baking or, rarely, by smoking.
The Spanish mackerel is also a popular sushi fish. By analogy with the Japanese Spanish mackerel, which is a member of the same genus, it is often called sawara on sushi menus.
Similar species
Spanish mackerel are similar in appearance to small King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) and Cero mackerel (Scomberomorus regalis). All three are very similar in shape and coloration. They may be distinguished as follows:
The lateral line on Spanish and Cero mackerel slopes gradually from the top edge of the gill to the tail. In contrast that of the king mackerel takes an abrupt drop at mid-body.
The first (spiny) dorsal on Spanish and Cero mackerel has a prominent black patch. The King mackerel has none. As all three species normally keep the first dorsal folded back in a body groove, this difference is not immediately evident.
Spanish mackerel have prominent yellow spots on the flanks at all sizes. In addition to such spots, Cero mackerel have one or more yellow stripes along the centerline. Young King mackerel have similar, but slightly smaller spots; these fade away on individuals weighing over 10 pounds (4.5 kg), but they may still be seen as spots of slightly darker green on the upper back from some angles of view.
Worldwide, there are many members of this genus quite similar to one or another of these three species. In particular, off Mexico, Atlantic Spanish mackerel may be confused with Serra Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) which may appear in the same area.
See also
References
-
^ Collette, B.; Boustany, A.; Carpenter, K.E.; Fox, W.; Graves, J.; Juan Jorda, M.; Nelson, R.; Oxenford, H. (2011). "Scomberomorus maculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T170323A6748550. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170323A6748550.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
-
^ "Scomberomorus maculatus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Scomberomorus maculatus" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
-
^ "IGFA World Record; All Tackle Records; Mackerel, Spanish". IGFA World Records. International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
-
^ Robert J. Goldstein (1 January 2000). Coastal Fishing in the Carolinas: From Surf, Pier, and Jetty. John F. Blair, Publisher. pp. 99–. ISBN 978-0-89587-195-4.
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Atlantic Spanish mackerel: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
The Atlantic Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) is a migratory species of mackerel that swims to the northern Gulf of Mexico in spring, returns to southern Florida in the eastern Gulf, and to Mexico in the western Gulf in the fall.
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Scomberomorus maculatus
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Scomberomorus maculatus es una especie de peces de la familia Scombridae en el orden de los Perciformes. En México es conocido como sierra y es muy apreciado para la realización del ceviche.
Morfología
• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 91 cm de longitud total y los 5.890 g de peso.[1]
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentra en el Atlántico occidental: desde el Canadá hasta las costas del Golfo de México, incluyendo Florida (Estados Unidos ) y Yucatán (México ).
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Scomberomorus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Scomberomorus maculatus es una especie de peces de la familia Scombridae en el orden de los Perciformes. En México es conocido como sierra y es muy apreciado para la realización del ceviche.
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Scomberomorus maculatus
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Scomberomorus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
Scomberomorus maculatus Scomberomorus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scombridae familian sailkatzen da.
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Thazard atlantique
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Scomberomorus maculatus
Le Thazard atlantique (Scomberomorus maculatus) est un poisson migrateur, apparenté au maquereau. On le trouve dans le Golfe du Mexique au printemps, puis il retourne vers les eaux du sud de la Floride en automne.
Notes et références
Voir aussi
Article connexe
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Thazard atlantique: Brief Summary
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Scomberomorus maculatus
Le Thazard atlantique (Scomberomorus maculatus) est un poisson migrateur, apparenté au maquereau. On le trouve dans le Golfe du Mexique au printemps, puis il retourne vers les eaux du sud de la Floride en automne.
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Scomberomorus maculatus
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Il maccarello reale[2] (Scomberomorus maculatus Mitchill, 1815), noto anche come maccarello reale maculato (Regolamento (CE) N. 216/2009) e (Decisione di Esecuzione (UE) 2016/1251), è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Scombridae.
Descrizione
S. maculatus ha corpo fusiforme allungato e compresso ai lati, con muso appuntito e bocca ampia fin oltre l'occhio, con forti denti triangolari. Le pinne dorsali sono due, la prima bassa e abbastanza lunga, di altezza decrescente e la seconda triangolare o lunata, a base breve e più alta. La pinna anale è simmetrica e uguale alla seconda dorsale. Sul peduncolo caudale vi sono delle pinnule (da 7 a 10) sia sul lato dorsale che su quello ventrale. La pinna caudale è lunata. La linea laterale si piega dolcemente verso il basso prima del peduncolo caudale. Le scaglie sono piccole e sono presenti sull'intero corpo. La colorazione è argentea con 3 file di macchie oblunghe giallastre o brunastre (color arancio nel pesce vivo). La prima pinna dorsale ha la parte anteriore nera. La taglia massima è di 91 cm, il peso massimo noto è di 5,9 kg, normalmente non supera i 120 cm[3][4].
Distribuzione e habitat
S. maculatus è endemico dell'Oceano Atlantico occidentale lungo le coste americane a nord fino al Canada meridionale e a sud fino allo Yucatán (Messico). È inoltre comune nel golfo del Messico. Nella parte settentrionale del suo areale la presenza è limitata ai mesi estivi, in inverno si ritrova principalmente al largo della Florida[3][4]. Ha abitudini pelagiche costiere e può penetrare negli estuari[1]. Vive tra 10 e 25 metri di profondità[3].
Biologia
Vive fino a 5 anni. Effettua lunghe migrazioni stagionali senza allontanarsi dalla costa[3]. Gregario, forma banchi[4].
Alimentazione
Predatore, si nutre di pesci (Clupeidae e Engraulidae soprattutto) e secondariamente di crostacei Penaeoidea e di molluschi cefalopodi[3].
Riproduzione
Si riproduce nella stagione calda in acque profonde fino a 50 metri. Le larve si incontrano in acque superficiali[4].
Pesca
Si tratta di una specie di grande importanza sia per la pesca commerciale che per la pesca sportiva[3]. Viene catturato con reti da posta, con sciabiche e con amo e lenza (anche dalla pesca professionale, oltre che da quella sportiva). I pescatori dilettanti insidiano la specie prevalentemente con le tecniche dello spinning, della traina e del surf casting. Le carni sono buone e sono consumate fresche o affumicate, quando congelate si deteriorano dopo pochi mesi. Gli stati che catturano le maggiori quantità sono nell'ordine Messico e Stati Uniti[4]. Può causare il ciguatera[3].
Conservazione
La IUCN considera questa specie a rischio minimo di estinzione. S. maculatus, sebbene intensamente pescato, non è soggetto a sovrapesca e gli stock sono numericamente stabili in tutto l'areale e non mostrano segni di declino[1].
Note
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Scomberomorus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Il maccarello reale (Scomberomorus maculatus Mitchill, 1815), noto anche come maccarello reale maculato (Regolamento (CE) N. 216/2009) e (Decisione di Esecuzione (UE) 2016/1251), è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Scombridae.
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- Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
Gevlekte koningsmakreel
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Vissen Gevlekte koningsmakreel (Scomberomorus maculatus) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van makrelen (Scombridae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan maximaal 91 cm lang en 5890 gram zwaar worden.
Leefomgeving
Scomberomorus maculatus is een zoutwatervis. De vis prefereert een subtropisch klimaat en heeft zich verspreid over de Grote en Atlantische Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 10 tot 35 m onder het wateroppervlak.
Relatie tot de mens
Scomberomorus maculatus is voor de visserij van groot commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.
Voor de mens is Scomberomorus maculatus potentieel gevaarlijk, omdat er vermeldingen van ciguatera-vergiftiging zijn geweest.
Externe link
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties - Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Gevlekte koningsmakreel: Brief Summary
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Gevlekte koningsmakreel (Scomberomorus maculatus) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van makrelen (Scombridae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan maximaal 91 cm lang en 5890 gram zwaar worden.
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Karita
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Karita[3], makrela hiszpańska[3] (Scomberomorus maculatus) – gatunek morskiej ryby z rodziny makrelowatych.
Występowanie
Wody płn.-zach. i zachodniego Atlantyku, od Kanady po Karaiby i Jamajkę na południu. Występowanie gatunku we wschodniej części Atlantyku jest mylone z gatunkiem Scomberomorus tritor[4]
Charakterystyka
Ciało bocznie spłaszczone w srebrzystobiałym kolorze z jasnobrązowym grzbietem Dorasta do 90 cm długości i masy ciała do 6 kg.
Znaczenie gospodarcze
Ma duże znaczenie w gospodarce rybnej.
Przypisy
-
↑ Scomberomorus maculatus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
-
↑ Scomberomorus maculatus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
-
↑ a b Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973
-
↑ Fishbase
Bibliografia
- Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973
-
Encyklopedia wędkarstwa, Wyd. Muza, 1995
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Karita: Brief Summary
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Karita, makrela hiszpańska (Scomberomorus maculatus) – gatunek morskiej ryby z rodziny makrelowatych.
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Cá thu Tây Ban Nha Đại Tây Dương
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Cá thu Tây Ban Nha Đại Tây Dương (danh pháp hai phần: Scomberomorus maculatus) là một loài cá trong họ Cá thu ngừ. Cá thu Tây Ban Nha Đại Tây Dương là loài cá di cư, bơi đến phía bắc vịnh Mexico vào mùa xuân, trở về phía nam Florida ở phía đông vịnh, và đến México ở vùng vịnh phía Tây vào mùa thu.
Mô tả
Cá có lưng màu xanh lá; hai bên ánh bạc với 3 vạch các đốm vàng hình elip. Đường bên dần dần uốn cong xuống từ đầu trên của nắp mang về phía cuống đuôi. Vây lưng đầu tiên có màu đen ở phía trước.
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Xem thêm
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Cá thu Tây Ban Nha Đại Tây Dương: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Cá thu Tây Ban Nha Đại Tây Dương (danh pháp hai phần: Scomberomorus maculatus) là một loài cá trong họ Cá thu ngừ. Cá thu Tây Ban Nha Đại Tây Dương là loài cá di cư, bơi đến phía bắc vịnh Mexico vào mùa xuân, trở về phía nam Florida ở phía đông vịnh, và đến México ở vùng vịnh phía Tây vào mùa thu.
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Испанская пятнистая макрель
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Испанская пятнистая макрель
Международное научное название
Scomberomorus maculatus (Cuvier, 1829)
Синонимы
-
Scomber maculatus Mitchill, 1815
-
Cybium maculatum (Mitchill, 1815)
Ареал
Охранный статус 
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 172436NCBI 99344EOL 2804347FW 352556 Испанская пятнистая макрель[1] (лат. Scomberomorus maculatus) — вид лучепёрых рыб семейства скумбриевых. Обитают в субтропических водах северо-западной и центрально-западной части Атлантического океана между 44° с. ш. и 19° ю. ш. и между 97° з. д. и 64° з. д. Океанодромные рыбы, встречаются на глубине до 35 м. Максимальная длина тела 91 см. Ценная промысловая рыба[2][3].
Ареал
Испанская пятнистая макрель обитает у атлантического побережья США от Кейп-Код до Майами, и в Мексиканском заливе от Флориды до Юкатана[4]. Эти эпипелагические неретические рыбы держатся на глубине до 35 м[2]. Иногда заплывают в эстуарии рек[3]. Совершают сезонные миграции вдоль побережья. С повышением температуры воды (февраль-июль) они уплывают на север к берегам Род Айленда и в залив Наррагансет. Зиму они проводят в водах Флориды. Также наблюдаются косяки, которые ранней весной отправляются на запад, достигая в конце марта берегов Техаса. Миграции с юга на север и обратно протекают в августе-ноябре и марте-апреле, соответственно[4].
![src=]()
Старинное изображение (1877) испанской пятнистой макрели
Описание
У испанских пятнистых макрелей удлинённое веретеновидное тело, тонкий хвостовой стебель с простым килем. Голова короткая. Длина рыла короче оставшейся длины головы. Имеются едва различимые сошниковые и нёбные зубы. Верхнечелюстная кость не спрятана под предглазничную. 2 спинных плавника разделены небольшим промежутком. Боковая линия не волнистая, плавно изгибается под вторым спинным плавником. Брюшные плавники маленькие. Брюшной межплавниковый отросток маленький и раздвоенный. Зубы на языке отсутствуют[5]. Первый спинной плавник очень длинный. Зубы ланцетовидные. Плавательный пузырь отсутствует. Грудные плавники с вырезкой на заднем крае[6]. Количество жаберных тычинок на первой жаберной дуге 10—16. Позвонков 51—53. В первом спинном плавнике 17—19 колючих лучей, во втором спинном и в анальном плавниках 17—20 мягких лучей. Позади второго спинного и анального плавников пролегает ряд из 7—9 и 7—10 соответственно более мелких плавничков, помогающих избегать образования водоворотов при быстром движении. Грудные плавники образованы 20—23 лучами[4].
Спина голубовато-зелёная. Бока серебристые, с тремя рядами округлых пятен коричневого цвета. Брюхо серо-зелёное, отливает металлом[6][7]. Максимальная зарегистрированная длина 91 см, а масса 5,9 кг[2].
Биология
Пелагическая стайная рыба, держится в основном в прибрежных водах.
Нерест происходит с апреля по сентябрь над шельфом. Икра пелагическая[6]. Личинки попадаются в поверхностном слое воды при температуре 19,6—29,8° C и солёности 28,3—37,4 ‰[4]. Самки растут быстрее самцов, достигают половой зрелости при длине 25—37 см (самцы 28—34 см)[6]. Продолжительность жизни в Мексиканском заливе оценивается в 9 лет, а в Атлантике в 11 лет. Продолжительность поколения около 4 лет[3].
Испанская пятнистая макрель питается в основном мелкими рыбами (сельдями и анчоусами), а также креветками и кальмарами. Наиболее существенную долю рациона молодых особей составляют анчоусы[4].
![src=]()
Испанская пятнистая макрель — желанный трофей для рыбака
Взаимодействие с человеком
Ценная промысловая рыба. Объект любительской рыбалки. Мясо белого цвета, вкусное[6]. Коммерческий промысел ведётся кошельковыми неводами, жаберными сетями и удебными средствами. В водах Флориды жаберными сетями добывают в основном рыб 30—65 см, тогда как более мелкие особи (21—69 см) чаще попадаются на крючок[4]. Испанская пятнистая макрель поступает на рынок в основном в свежем, мороженом и копчёном виде. Международный союз охраны природы присвоил виду охранный статус «Вызывающий наименьшие опасения»[3].
Примечания
-
↑ Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 364. — 12 500 экз. — ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
-
↑ 1 2 3 Scomberomorus maculatus (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
-
↑ 1 2 3 4 Scomberomorus maculatus (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
-
↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. — FAO species catalogue. — Rome, 1983. — Vol. 2. — P. 69—70.
-
↑ Г. Линдберг, З. Красюкова. 4 // Рыбы Японского моря и сопредельных частей Охотского и Желтого морей. — Определители по фауне СССР, издаваемые зоологическим институтом АН СССР. — Ленинград: Наука, 1975. — С. 285—293. — 451 с. — ISBN 9785458519892.
-
↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Промысловые рыбы России. В двух томах / Под ред. О. Ф. Гриценко, А. Н. Котляра и Б. Н. Котенёва. — М.: изд-во ВНИРО, 2006. — Т. 2. — С. 872. — ISBN 5-85382-229-2.
-
↑ Scomberomorus maculatus (неопр.). на сайте Florida Museum of Natural History (Проверено 18 января 2019)
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Испанская пятнистая макрель: Brief Summary
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Испанская пятнистая макрель (лат. Scomberomorus maculatus) — вид лучепёрых рыб семейства скумбриевых. Обитают в субтропических водах северо-западной и центрально-западной части Атлантического океана между 44° с. ш. и 19° ю. ш. и между 97° з. д. и 64° з. д. Океанодромные рыбы, встречаются на глубине до 35 м. Максимальная длина тела 91 см. Ценная промысловая рыба.
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橢斑馬鮫
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Scomberomorus maculatusMitchill, 1815 橢斑馬鮫為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鯖亞目鯖科的其中一種，分布於西大西洋區，從加拿大至墨西哥猶加敦半島海域，棲息深度10-35公尺，本魚腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂，側線逐漸地對於尾柄彎曲下來，泳鰾不存在，身體覆蓋著小鱗片，第一背鰭黑色前面地在後部地而在末梢部的邊緣，通常銀色的有被有顯著的對橢圓的深色斑點的大約三個列的圓的側邊，背鰭硬棘17-19枚;背鰭軟條17-20枚;臀鰭軟條17-20枚;脊椎骨51-53個，體長可達91公分，棲息在沿岸海域，屬肉食性，以魚類、頭足類為食，可做為食用魚、遊釣魚，曾有雪卡魚中毒的報告。
参考文献
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橢斑馬鮫: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
橢斑馬鮫為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鯖亞目鯖科的其中一種，分布於西大西洋區，從加拿大至墨西哥猶加敦半島海域，棲息深度10-35公尺，本魚腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂，側線逐漸地對於尾柄彎曲下來，泳鰾不存在，身體覆蓋著小鱗片，第一背鰭黑色前面地在後部地而在末梢部的邊緣，通常銀色的有被有顯著的對橢圓的深色斑點的大約三個列的圓的側邊，背鰭硬棘17-19枚;背鰭軟條17-20枚;臀鰭軟條17-20枚;脊椎骨51-53個，體長可達91公分，棲息在沿岸海域，屬肉食性，以魚類、頭足類為食，可做為食用魚、遊釣魚，曾有雪卡魚中毒的報告。
Diet
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Feeds mainly on small fishes (clupeoids and anchovies), few quantities of penaeoid shrimps and cephalopods
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Western Atlantic: from Cape Cod to Miami (USA) and Gulf of Mexico coasts from Florida, USA to Yucatan, Mexico
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Migrates in large schools over great distances along the shore.
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
nektonic
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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