Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes 1840)

Die Kersfees-papegaaivis (Calotomus carolinus) is 'n vis wat wydverspreid voorkom in die Stille Oseaan, die Indiese Oseaan, Oman en aan die ooskus van Afrika suidwaarts tot by die suide van KwaZulu-Natal. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Christmas parrotfish.

Identifikasie

Die vis word tot 50 cm lank. Die lyf is ovaalvormig met 'n stroombelynde kop profiel. Volwasse mannetjies is donker blou-groen en die skubbe het pienk rantjies. Daar is ook pienk strepies wat van die oë uitstraal.

Hulle leef in aflandige koraal- en rotsriwwe in water wat 10 tot 30m diep is. Hier kom hulle voor in koraal puin, seegras en grasagtige areas. Hulle vreet 'n verskeidenheid alge en seegras.

Sien ook

• Alfabetiese lys van visse
• Lys van Suider-Afrikaanse visse volgens wetenskaplike name
• Lys van varswater visfamilies
• Lys van visfamilies

Bron

• The Reef Guide: Fishes, corals, nudibranchs & other invertebrates: East & South Coasts of Southern Africa. Dennis King & Valda Fraser. Struik Nature. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77584-018-3

Verwysings

Eksterne skakel

• http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=4355&genusname=Calotomus&speciesname=carolinus&AT=Calotomus+carolinus&lang=English

Calotomus carolinus és una espècie de peix de la família dels escàrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 54 cm de longitud total.^[3]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des de l'Àfrica Oriental fins a les Illes Galápagos i les Illes Revillagigedo.^[3]

Referències

Bibliografia

• Bellwood, D.R. 2001: Family Scaridae. A: Carpenter & Niem 2001. Species identification guide for fishery purposes. Bony fishes part 4. 6: 3468-3492, Pls. VI-XIV.
• Bruce, R.W. i J.E. Randall, 1985. A revision of the Indo-West Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus (Scaridae: Sparisomatinae). Indo-Pacific Fishes (5):32 p.
• Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1840. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatorzième. Suite du livre seizième. Labroïdes. Livre dix-septième. Des Malacoptérygiens. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 14: i-xxii + 2 pp. + 1-464 + 4 pp., Pls. 389-420.
• Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
• Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
• Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
• Randall, J.E., 1986. Scaridae. p. 706-714. A M.M. Smith i P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemanya.
• Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.

Enllaços externs

• ITIS (anglès)
• AQUATAB.NET

Calotomus carolinus, commonly known as Carolines parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the family Scaridae. It is also known as the starry-eye parrotfish, stareye parrotfish, bucktooth parrotfish, Christmas parrotfish or marbled parrotfish. Since the Calotomus carolinus is known across the Pacific, it also has its own name in many native languages for example, it is called a panuhunuhunu in the Hawaiian language.^[3]

Description

Female specimen

The species is about 50 centimetres (20 in) long. The species changes its appearance greatly during the transition to adulthood. Juveniles of the species are typically a mottled orangish-brown, with some pink shading. Adult males, also known as terminal stage, are shades of blue or green, and have pink lines radiating from their eyes. Adult females, also known as the initial phase, are mottled brown and their eyes bulge out slightly.^[4][5] Its jaws consist of pebble-like teeth fused into a beak for eating seaweed, but in juveniles the teeth are not yet fully fused and are visible on the outside of the dental plate.^[5][6]

Distribution

Calotomus carolinus has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution from the coast of East Africa, although not in the Red Sea where it is replaced by Calotomus viridescens, through the Indian Ocean to the eastern Pacific Ocean around the Revillagigedo and the Galapagos Islands.^[2]

Habitat and biology

Calotomus carolinus can typically be found as a single fish or in small groups, in shallow reefs or lagoons.^[4][6] It occurs in subtidal reef flats, lagoons and seaward reefs down to depths of 27 metres (89 ft), or more. Within the wider habitat this species can be found in areas of coral, rubble, seagrass and algae. It feeds on a variety of benthic encrusting algae, Padina and seagrasses. they can also be found in small schools, or even by itself.^[7] It is a protogynous hermaphrodite^[2] The Calotomus carolinus, along with many of its relatives, feeds on the seaweed and algae growing on the coral which is helpful to the reef ecosystems because most of the algae restrict the coral's growth, keeping it from fully maturing.^[8]

Naming and taxonomy

Calotomus carolinus was first formally described as Callyodon carolinus in 1840 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes (1795-1865) with the type locality given as the Caroline Islands.^[9] When Charles Henry Gilbert described the genus Calotomus in 1890 he designated Calotomus xenodon as its type species, thinking that the genus was monotypic, this was later shown to be a synonyms of C. carolinus.^[10]

An example of gender change within the species

Like a lot of its cousins, a Calotomus carolinus can undergo a sex change^[11] There are two phases (which has been mentioned above) are known as initial and terminal phase.^[11] In a scientific study, there were 22 initial phase that were between 62 mm and 253 mm.^[11] when they grew up, they found out that there were only six terminal phasers, which were in between 240 mm and 270 mm.^[11] and the rest were secondary males.^[11] This was a prime example of some of the difference between the two genders between these fish.

References

Calotomus carolinus es una especie de peces de la familia Scaridae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 54 cm de longitud total.^[2]​

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra desde el África Oriental hasta las Islas Galápagos e Islas Revillagigedo.

Referencias

Bibliografía

• Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
• Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
• Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
• Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
• Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
• Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.

Calotomus carolinus Calotomus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scaridae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

• FishBase.org

Ikus, gainera

• Calotomus
• Scaridae

Calotomus carolinus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van papegaaivissen (Scaridae).^[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1840 door Valenciennes.

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2009.^[1]

星眼絢鸚嘴魚，又名卡羅鸚鯉，俗名鸚哥、蠔魚、菜仔魚（雌），為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目鸚哥魚科的其中一種。

分布

本魚分布於印度太平洋區，包括紅海、東非、雷維拉吉哥多島、加拉巴哥群島、日本、台灣、菲律賓、馬里亞納群島、密克羅尼西亞、馬紹爾群島、帛琉、索羅門群島、諾魯、斐濟群島、澳洲等海域。

深度

水深5至30公尺。

特徵

本魚體延長而略側扁。體高較同屬的魚種高。吻圓鈍；前額不突出。齒板具有2列以上的圓錐狀齒重疊排列而成。上頜前端齒呈寬扁狀；上咽骨每側有咽頭齒三列，下咽骨之生齒面寬度大於長度。開始型的雌魚體色單調，為棕色，散布有白色的斑點。終端型的雄魚為深藍綠色，鱗片後緣鑲有橘紅色，最明顯的是眼睛四周及吻部具有輻射狀的橘紅色斑紋。尾鰭為雙凹型。背鰭硬棘9枚、背鰭軟條10枚、臀鰭硬棘3枚、臀鰭軟條9枚、脊椎骨25。體長可達40公分。

生態

本魚棲息環境多變化，如珊瑚礁礁台、礁湖、海草床、沙地等皆可棲居。以海草或海藻為食。有時獨游或群游。

經濟利用

食用魚類，夏季時宜用清蒸食用，秋末春初者肉味甜美宜用紅燒，而較不新鮮者可做魚鬆。

参考文献

• 台灣魚類資料庫