Benefits
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
The largest fisheries are in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroun, mainly in the dry season. Total catches for 1983 were 88 121 t (Nigeria 31 622 t, Sierra Leone 21 127 t, Ivory Coast 14 618 t). Caught by canoe fishermen using purse seines and encircling nets, also seine nets in lagoons and estuaries. Marketed fresh, also smoked and dried (the latter greatly preferred in Cameroun and perhaps elsewhere, but the Senegambian catch is mostly marketed fresh).The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 184 271 t. The countries with the largest catches were Guinea (33 780 t) and Senegal (29 468 t).
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125) Vol.7 Pt. 2:305-579.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Euryhaline,inshore waters,also lagoons and more than 300 km up rivers (e.g. Gambia River, where they move down during flooding, but up again during intrusion of seawater in the dry season).Feeds by filtering phytoplankton, chiefly diatoms (full analysis by Rainbridge, 1963). Breeds throughout year in waters of salinities 3.5 to 38°/oo, but with peaks in at least some areas (March, June/ July and October/November at mouth of Gambia River - see Scheffers & Conand, 1976; July to September off Sierra Leone; November to May/June off Ivory Coast and Nigeria, i.e. progressively later to south); spawns in the sea, in estuaries and in rivers.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125) Vol.7 Pt. 2:305-579.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Size
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
To 35 cm standard length, usually about 20 to 25 cm.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125) Vol.7 Pt. 2:305-579.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Eastern central Atlantic (Dakhla, western Sahara, to at least Lobito, Angola - i.e. from 24°N to 12°S; dwarf population in Lake Nokoué, Benin). Records from Cape Verde Islands based on erroneous type locality for E. fimbriata by Bowdich - followed by later authors.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125) Vol.7 Pt. 2:305-579.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Body fairly deep, compressed, scutes present along belly. Upper jaw with distinct median notch, into which tip of lower jaw fits. Lower gillrakers long, fine and numerous, about 3 times as long as gill filaments, upper gillrakers bent sharply upward, V-shaped. Pelvic finrays i 7; caudal fin tips long and pointed. A faint dark spot behind gill cover (sometimes followed by others); dorsal fin tip black; caudal fin deep chrome yellow; golden tints on body. Resembles Sardinella aurita , S. rouxi and especially S. maderensis, but these are more slender, have a rounded upper jaw (not notched) and upper gillrakers are not bent upward like an elbow. Alosa species do not overlap E. dorsalis in the north of its range (also upper gillrakers not bent, pelvic finrays i 8).
- Bainbridge, (1963 - food)
- Scheffers & Conand, (1976 - Senegambian region - biol.)
- Whitehead, (i.e. CLOFETA, in press - all refs. to 1984)
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125) Vol.7 Pt. 2:305-579.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Aphanomyces Infestation. Fungal diseases
- licença
- cc-by-nc
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- FishBase
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Ethmalosa fimbriata is found in fairly shallow coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries, and sometimes also in lower courses of coastal rivers, even more than 300 km up rivers; euryhaline (Ref. 187, 188, 81269, 81631).
- licença
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- FishBase
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Morphology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 19; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 19 - 25; Vertebrae: 40 - 44
- licença
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- FishBase
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- Crispina B. Binohlan
Migration
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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- FishBase
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Life Cycle
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Breeds all year in waters of salinities 3.5 to 38 ppt, but with peaks in at least some areas, becoming progressively later to south. Spawns in the sea, in estuaries and in rivers.
- licença
- cc-by-nc
- direitos autorais
- FishBase
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Goussia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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- FishBase
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Thraustotheca Infestation. Fungal diseases
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- FishBase
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Saprolegnia Infestation. Fungal diseases
- licença
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- FishBase
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- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Dictyuchus Infestation. Fungal diseases
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- FishBase
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- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Allomycetes Infestation. Fungal diseases
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- FishBase
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- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Achlya Infestation. Fungal diseases
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Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Diagnosis: Body fairly deep, compressed, scutes present along belly; upper jaw with distinct notch, into which tip of lower jaw fits; lower gillrakers long, fine and numerous, about 3 times as long as gill filaments, upper gillrakers bent sharply upward, V-shaped; pelvic fin rays with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays; caudal fin tips long and pointed (Ref. 188). A faint dark spot behind gill cover, sometimes followed by others; dorsal fin tip black; caudal fin deep chrome yellow; golden tints on body (Ref. 188, 81269). Ethmalosa fimbriata resembles Sardinella aurita, Sardinella rouxi and especially Sardinella maderensis, but these are more slender, have a rounded upper jaw which is not notched and the upper gillrakers are not bent upward like an elbow (Ref. 188).Description: Body fairly deep, compressed, scutes present along belly (Ref. 188, 2849, 81269, 81631). Mouth terminal; upper jaw with distinct median notch, into which tip of lower jaw fits (Ref. 187, 188). Adipose eyelid very well developed (Ref. 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631). Lower gillrakers long, fine and numerous, about 3 times as long as gill filaments; upper gillrakers bent sharply upward, V-shaped; total gill rakers about 108 (Ref. 188, 104885). Dorsal fin short, at about midpoint of body, with 16-19 rays, consisting of 3-5 unbranched and 12-17 branched rays; anal fin well behind dorsal fin base, with 19-25 rays, consisting of 2-4 unbranched and 17-23 branched rays; pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 14 branched rays; pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays; caudal fin tips long and pointed (Ref. 187, 188, 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631, 104885). Scales lacinate on posterior margin, numbering 37-45 in a longitudinal series; transversal scales 16-19; pre-dorsal scales 20-22 (Ref. 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631). With 16-20 pre-pelvic and 10-13 post-pelvic midventral scutes (Ref. 2849, 5356, 81269, 81631). Number of vertebrae 40-44 (Ref. 5356).Colouration: Back blue/green, sides silvery, with a faint oval spot a short distance behind gill opening; golden areas on upper part of head; anterior dorsal finrays dark, rest of fin yellow, except at base; anal fin yellow at base; caudal fin deep chrome yellow, but upper edge and hind margin grey (Ref. 187). Alcohol-preserved specimens are silvery, with the back brownish to greenish; a rounded black spot behind the upper part of operculum, sometimes followed by one or more, less visible, spots aligned in a longitudinal series (Ref. 188, 2849, 2849, 81269, 81631).
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- FishBase
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Biology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Ethmalosa fimbriata is found in fairly shallow coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries, and sometimes also in lower courses of coastal rivers, even more than 300 km up rivers (Ref. 187, 188, 81269, 81631). It feeds principally on phytoplankton, chiefly diatoms, filtered by the very fine gillraker sieve (Ref. 187, 188, 3166). It breeds throughout the year in waters of salinities 3.5-38 ppt, but with peaks in at least some areas; spawns in the sea, in estuaries and in rivers (Ref. 188). The largest fisheries are in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon, mainly in the dry season (Ref. 188).
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Importance
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: experimental; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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Ethmalosa fimbriata
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Ethmalosa fimbriata és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels clupèids i l'única del gènere Ethmalosa.[4]
Descripció
- Pot arribar a fer 45 cm de llargària màxima (normalment, en fa 25).
- 16-19 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 19-23 a l'anal.[5][6][7]
Reproducció
Fa la posta tant al mar com als estuaris i els rius.[5][8]
Alimentació
Menja fitoplàncton (principalment, diatomees).[5][9][10]
Depredadors
A la Costa d'Ivori és depredat per Elops lacerta i a Nigèria per Pellonula leonensis i Scomberomorus tritor.[11]
Paràsits
És parasitat per Goussia ethmalosa'.[12]
Hàbitat
És un peix d'aigua dolça, salabrosa i marina; pelàgic-nerític, catàdrom[13] i de clima tropical (25°N-8°S, 17°W-14°E) que viu entre 0-50 m de fondària.[5]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a l'Atlàntic oriental central: des de Dakhla (el Sàhara Occidental) fins a Lobito (Angola).[5][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]
Ús comercial
Es comercialitza fresc, fumat[38] i assecat.[5]
Observacions
És inofensiu per als humans.[5]
Referències
-
↑ Regan C. T., 1917. A revision of the clupeoid fishes of the genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia and Dorosoma and their allies. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 8) v. 19 (núm. 112). 297-316.
-
↑ Bowdich, S. L., 1825. Fishes of Madeira. Pp. 121-125 i 233-238. A: T. E. Bowdich. Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo during the autumn of 1823, while on his third voyage to Africa. Londres. Fishes of Madeira.: i-xii + 1-278, 11 pls. + 10 pls.
-
↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
-
↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
-
↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ Maigret, J. i B. Ly, 1986. Les poissons de mer de Mauritanie. Science Nat., Compiègne. 213 p.
-
↑ Sanches, J.G., 1991. Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publicações avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 16. 429 p.
-
↑ Blay, J. Jr. i K.N. Eyeson, 1982. Observations on the reproductive biology of the shad, Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bodwich), in coastal waters of Cape Coast, Ghana. J. Fish Biol. 21:485-496.
-
↑ Bainbridge, V., 1963. The food, feeding habits and distribution of the Bonga Ethmalosa dorsalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). J. CIEM 28:270-284.
-
↑ Blay, J. Jr. i K.N. Eyeson, 1982. Feeding activity and food habits of the shad, Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bodwich), in the coastal waters of Cape Coast, Ghana. J. Fish Biol. 21:403-410.
-
↑ FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ Obiekezie, A.I., 1986. Goussia ethmalosa n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sporozoea), a coccidian parasite of the West African shad, Ethmalosa fimbriata Bowdich 1825, (Pisces: Clupeidae). Z. Parasitenkd. 72(6):827-829.
-
↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
-
↑ Afonso, P., F.M. Porteiro, R.S. Santos, J.P. Barreiros, J. Worms i P. Wirtz, 1999. Coastal marine fishes of São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea). Arquipélago 17(A):65-92.
-
↑ Albaret, J.-J., 1987. Les peuplements de poissons de la Casamance (Sénégal) en période de sércheresse. Rev. Hydrobiol. trop. 20(3-4):291-210.
-
↑ Albaret, J.-J., M. Simier, F.S. Darboe, J-M. Ecoutin, J. Raffray i L.T. de Morais, 2004. Fish diversity and distribution in the Gambia Estuary, West Africa, in relation to environmental variables Aquat. Living Resour. 17:35-46
-
↑ Ama-Abasi, D., S. Holzloehner i U. Enin, 2004. The dynamics of the exploited population of Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich, 1825, Clupeidae) in the Cross River Estuary and adjacent Gulf of Guinea. Fish. Res. 68:225-235.
-
↑ Bianchi, G., 1986. Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para propósitos comerciais. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Angola. Preparado com o apoio da NORAD e da FAO (FIRM) Programa Regular, FAO, Roma. 184 p.
-
↑ Diouf, P.S., 1996. Les peuplements de poissons des milieux estuariens de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: L'exemple de l'estuaire hyperhalin du Sine-Saloum. Université de Montpellier II. Thèses et Documents Microfiches Núm .156. ORSTOM, París. 267 p.
-
↑ Etim, L., 2000. Length-weight relationship of eight fish species from the Cross River, Nigeria. Global J. Pure Appl. Sci. 6(4):571-575.
-
↑ Fagade, S.O. i C.I. Olaniyan, 1972. The biology of the West African shad Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bodwich) in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. J. Fish Biol. 4:519-533.
-
↑ Gerlotto, F., 1976. Biologie de Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bodwich) en Cote d'Ivoire. II. Etude de la croissance en lagune par la methode de Petersen. Doc. Sci. Cent. Rech. Oceanogr. Abidjan 7( 2):1-27.
-
↑ Kamara, A.B., 1977. A list of the estuarine and marine fishes and some shellfishes of Sierra Leone, with their common names in either Krio or English. p. 47-56. A: W. Okera (compl.) Bulletin of the Institute of Marine Biology and Oceanography. Vol. 2. Núm. 1. Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.
-
↑ King, R.P., 1996. Length-weight relationships of Nigerian coastal water fishes. Naga ICLARM Q. 19(4):53-58.
-
↑ Marcus, O., 1982. The biology of the West African Shawa Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bodwich) found in the Nigerian coastal waters. Annual Report, Nigerian Inst. Oceanogr. Mar. Res. Lagos. p. 10-11.
-
↑ Moses, B.S., 1988. Growth, mortality and potential yield of bonga, Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bodwich, 1825) of Nigerian inshore waters. Fish. Res. 6: 233-247.
-
↑ Nieland, H., 1980. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the food of Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich) in the Ebrie lagoon (Ivory coast). Doc. Sci. Cent. Rech. Océanogr. Abidjan 11(1):85-95.
-
↑ Ofori-adu, D.W., 1988. List of fishes, shellfishes and other marine food resources in the Ghanaian coastal waters. Mar. Fish. Res. Tech. Pap. Núm. 1. 43 p.
-
↑ Pandaré, D., S. Niang, H. Diadhiou i B. Capdeville, 1997. Ichtyofauna of Casamance: reproduction and distribution according to the salinity gradient. Bull. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire ( A. Sci. Nat) 49(1):167-190.
-
↑ Pliya, J., 1980. La pêche dans le sud-ouest du Bénin. Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique, París. 296 p.
-
↑ Reiner, F., 1996. Catálogo dos peixes do Arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publicações avulsas do IPIMAR Núm. 2. 339 p.
-
↑ Showers, P.A.T., 1996. Comparative growth performance for species of the family Clupeidae of Sierra Leone. Naga ICLARM Q. 19(4):42-44.
-
↑ Troadec, J.-P. i S. Garcia, 1979. Les ressources halieutiques de l'Atlantique centre-est. Premiere partie: les ressources du golfe de Guinée de l'Angola à la Mauritanie. FAO Doc. Tech. Pêches, Núm. 186.1. 167 p.
-
↑ Vakily, J.M., 1992. Assessing and managing the marine fish resources of Sierra Leone, west Africa. Naga ICLARM Q. 15(1):31-35.
-
↑ Vivien, J., 1991. Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et des poissons. GICAM. 271 p.
-
↑ Watts, J.C.D., 1957. The chemical composition of West African fish. 1. The West African shad, Ethmalosa dorsalis (C & V), from the Sierra Leone River estuary. Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire, Ser. A, 20:697-752.
-
↑ Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303.
-
↑ Brownell, B., 1983. A practical guide to improved fish smoking in West Africa. UNICEF, Nova York.
Bibliografia
- Anònim, 1997. Registres de peixos de la base de dades del Museu de la Secció de Vertebrats del Museu Reial de l'Àfrica Central. MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes, Bèlgica.
- Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
- Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
- Bainbridge, V., 1961. The early life history of the bonga, Ethmalosa dorsalis (Cuvier and Valenciennes). J. Cons. CIEM 26(3):347-353.
- Charles-Dominique, E., 1982. Exposé synoptique des données biologiques sur l'ethmalose (Ethmalosa fimbriata S. Bowdich, 1825). Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 15(4):373-397.
- Crespo, J., J. Gajate i R. Ponce, 2001. Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (Madrid).
- Fagade, S.O. i C.I.O. Olaniyan, 1973. The food and feeding interrelationship of the fishes in the Lagos lagoon. J. Fish Biol. 5(2):205-225.
- Kotlyar, A.N., 1984. Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscou. 288 p.
- Museu Suec d'Història Natural. Base de dades de la col·lecció d'ictiologia. Secció d'Ictiologia, Departament de Zoologia de Vertebrats. Estocolm, Suècia, 1999.
- Ogbonna, C.I.C. i R.O. Alabi, 1991. Studies on species of fungi associated with mycotic infections of fish in Nigerian freshwater fish pond. Hydrobiologia 220(2):131-136.
- Ricker, W.E., 1973. Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
- Salzen, E.A., 1958. Observations on the biology of Ethmalosa fimbriata. Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire. Ser. A. 18:355-371.
- Sanches, J.G., 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 14. 322 p.
- Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.
Enllaços externs
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Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a:
Ethmalosa fimbriata
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Ethmalosa fimbriata: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Ethmalosa fimbriata és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels clupèids i l'única del gènere Ethmalosa.
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Ethmalosa fimbriata
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Ethmalosa fimbriata ist ein kleiner Heringsartiger aus der Unterfamilie Dorosomatinae und die einzige Art der monotypischen Gattung Ethmalosa. Verbreitet ist dieser Fisch entlang der Westküste Afrikas. In der dortigen kommerziellen Fischerei ist er sehr bedeutend[1] und wird in sehr großen Mengen für die Herstellung von Fischmehl verwendet.[2]
Beschreibung
Ethmalosa fimbriata hat einen gedrungenen, hochrückigen, seitlich zusammengedrückten und spindelförmigen Körper. Die Bauchseite ist beschuppt. Wie bei allen Heringsartigen bestehen die Flossen nur aus Weichstrahlen. Bei der Rückenflosse sind es 16 bis 19, bei der Afterflosse 19 bis 23. Die Rückenflossenspitze ist schwärzlich, die Schwanzflosse ist glänzend und tief gespalten. Hinter dem Kiemendeckel deutet sich ein undeutlicher Fleck an. Die Flanken sind gelblich glänzend.
Ethmalosa fimbriata besitzt einen Kaumagen, welcher aber nicht so muskulös wie der von Brevoortia und Ethmidium ist.
Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Biologie
Bei Ethmalosa fimbriata handelt es sich um einen Schwarmfisch, der vorwiegend in Küstenbereichen entlang der westafrikanischen Küste vorkommt. Zudem ist diese Art ein anadromer Wanderfisch, der zum Laichen bis zu 300 Kilometer die Flüsse hinauf schwimmt.[1] Allerdings laicht sie auch im Meer und im Brackwasser.[3] Sie ernährt sich filtrierend von Phytoplankton, vor allem von Kieselalgen.[3]
Verwendung zur Herstellung von Fischmehl
Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bonga) wird in sehr großen Mengen für die Herstellung von Fischmehl verwendet, welches in Länder mit großen Aquakulturen (u. a. China, Norwegen) exportiert wird. Dadurch werden die Bestände überfischt und die lokalen Preise haben sich sehr stark verteuert. Die örtlichen Fischmehlfabriken in den Erzeugerländern verursachen große Umweltschäden.[2][4]
Wissenswertes
Quellen
Literatur
- Peter J. P. Whitehead: Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies, and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 7. FAO Rom 2005. (PDF-Datei).
Einzelnachweise
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↑ a b c Ethmalosa fimbriata auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
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↑ a b Ian Urbina: Chinas Trawler fischen Afrikas Küsten leer – für unseren Lachs aus Norwegen. In: DER SPIEGEL (online). DER SPIEGEL GmbH & Co. KG, 9. Mai 2021, abgerufen am 9. Mai 2021.
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↑ a b Peter J.P. Whitehead: Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies, and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 7. FAO Rom 2005. (PDF)
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↑ Doro Schreier: „Stolen Fish“ – Fischmehlfabriken in Gambia, eine neue Fluchtursache! 24. September 2020, abgerufen am 10. Mai 2021 (deutsch, englisch).
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↑ Scomberomorus tritor auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
Weblinks
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Ethmalosa fimbriata: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Ethmalosa fimbriata ist ein kleiner Heringsartiger aus der Unterfamilie Dorosomatinae und die einzige Art der monotypischen Gattung Ethmalosa. Verbreitet ist dieser Fisch entlang der Westküste Afrikas. In der dortigen kommerziellen Fischerei ist er sehr bedeutend und wird in sehr großen Mengen für die Herstellung von Fischmehl verwendet.
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Ethmalosa
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Ethmalosa fimbriata, the bonga shad or just bonga, is a shad, a clupeid fish, that occurs along the coasts and in brackish water of coastal lagoons, rivers and lakes of western Africa from Dakhla in Western Sahara to Lobito in Angola. It is usually around 25 cm long but the maximum length is 45 cm. It is the only member of its genus.
Fishery
Bonga is caught by inshore small-scale fisheries using seine fishing from a boat or by beach seine. It may also be caught by gill net.
Use in fish meal
Bonga is also used to make fish meal, a powder which is exported around the world and used to feed farmed fish in places like Norway and China.[1] The practice is controversial in countries like Gambia, where environmentalists say over-fishing of Bonga for fish meal is raising prices for locals.[2] Refuse from fish meal plants has also been linked to environmental damage.[3]
Food
Bonga is very important in West African coastal and lagoon fishing communities and it is an important food source in West and Central Africa.[4] It is usually smoke-dried for 2 to 5 days, depending on size and on the market. Smoke-drying is done over a fire. The fish is placed on sticks, bars or wire mesh trays about 1 m from the floor. A fire is lit on the floor and the fish is first cooked over a high fire, then the fire is reduced to a smoldering fire which is kept going for as long as necessary. Smoking "ovens" can be open without walls or closed with walls either in the outside air or inside a smoke house. A hard-smoked bonga can be kept for several months in ambient conditions.
Smoke-drying of fish is essentially a drying process to preserve the product in the absence of refrigeration. It is different from fish smoking as it is known in Europe, USA, Canada, etc., where it is applied to impart taste, such as smoked salmon (cold smoked) or smoked eel (hot smoked) which must be stored under refrigeration.
See also
References
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Ethmalosa: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Ethmalosa fimbriata, the bonga shad or just bonga, is a shad, a clupeid fish, that occurs along the coasts and in brackish water of coastal lagoons, rivers and lakes of western Africa from Dakhla in Western Sahara to Lobito in Angola. It is usually around 25 cm long but the maximum length is 45 cm. It is the only member of its genus.
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Ethmalosa fimbriata
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Ethmalosa fimbriata: Brief Summary
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
Ethmalosa fimbriata Ethmalosa generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Clupeidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Afrikansilli
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
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Afrikansilli: Brief Summary
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
Afrikansilli (Ethmalosa fimbriata) on sillien heimoon kuuluva kalalaji. Lajin kuvasi ensimmäisenä Sarah Bowdich Lee vuonna 1825.
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Ethmalosa fimbriata
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich, 1825) conosciuto in italiano come alosa africana[2] è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua dolce della famiglia Clupeidae. È l'unica specie nel genere Ethmalosa.
Distribuzione e habitat
Specie endemica delle zone tropicali dell'Oceano Atlantico orientale, diffusa lungo le coste africane dal Sahara Spagnolo all'Angola. È assente dal mar Mediterraneo. Una popolazione nana vive nel lago Nokoué in Benin. È una specie strettamente costiera, popola anche le lagune e penetra nei fiumi fino a 300 km dalla foce. Durante la stagione piovosa tende a spostarsi verso le foci mentre durante quella secca risale a monte[3][4].
Descrizione
Aspetto generale simile alla cheppia o alle altre Alosa. Corpo abbastanza alto e compresso ai lati con una robusta carena ventrale di scaglie rigide. L'apice della mascella presenta una piccola punta rivolta in basso che si adatta a bocca chiusa in un'intaccatura nella mandibola. Pinna caudale forcuta con lobi stretti, lunghi e appuntiti[3][4].
Colore del corpo argenteo con evidenti riflessi dorati. Pinna caudale di color giallo cromo. Una macchia scura più o meno evidente (talvolta seguita da altre allineate sul fianco) dietro l'opercolo. Apice della pinna dorsale nero[3].
Misura fino a 45 cm, di solito non oltre i 25 cm[3].
Biologia
Alimentazione
Planctofaga, la dieta è basata prevalentemente su diatomee che vengono catturate per filtrazione attraverso le numerose branchiospine lunghe e sottili di cui è dotata[4].
Riproduzione
È in grado di riprodursi con successo in acqua dolce, salmastra e marina, a salinità dal 3,5 al 38‰. La stagione riproduttiva dura tutto l'anno con picchi locali[3].
Pesca
Specie molto importante per la pesca commerciale dell'Africa occidentale. Viene catturata con reti da posta e reti da circuizione, sia nelle lagune che nelle foci che, durante la stagione secca, nei fiumi. Gli stati che catturano le più grandi quantità di E. fimbriata sono Guinea e Senegal. Viene commercializzata sia affumicata o essiccata (soprattutto in Camerun) che fresca (soprattutto in Senegal e Gambia)[1][4].
Conservazione
Le popolazioni di questa specie sono abbondanti e non mostrano segni di rarefazione, per questo la IUCN classifica E. fimbriata come a rischio minimo di estinzione[1].
Note
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Ethmalosa fimbriata: Brief Summary
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich, 1825) conosciuto in italiano come alosa africana è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua dolce della famiglia Clupeidae. È l'unica specie nel genere Ethmalosa.
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Ethmalosa fimbriata
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Vissen Ethmalosa fimbriata is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van haringen (Clupeidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1825 door Bowdich.
De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2009.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.
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篩鯡
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
篩鯡: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
篩鯡為輻鰭魚綱鲱形目鲱科的其中一種,分布於中東大西洋區,從西撒哈拉至安哥拉海域,棲息深度可達50公尺,體長可達45公分,棲息在沿海海域、河口區,以矽藻為食,可做為食用魚。
エトマロサ・フィンブリアタ
(
Japonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
エトマロサ・フィンブリアタ: Brief Summary
(
Japonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
エトマロサ・フィンブリアタ(学名:Ethmalosa fimbriata)はニシン目ニシン科の魚。大西洋の西アフリカ沿岸に分布している。西アフリカ沿岸地域で重要な水産資源のひとつである。体型はニシンよりも縦長で扁平である。最大で体長約45cm、体重1kgに達する。